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Three-dimensional free-standing heterostructures out of MoS2 and rGO with infused PDMS towards electromechanical pressure sensing 注入 PDMS 的三维独立异质结构(MoS2 和 rGO)用于机电压力传感
IF 4.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad78cd
Abdullah Solayman, Baosong Li, Rashid Abu Al-Rub and Kin Liao
The behavior of two-dimensional (2D) materials constructed as three-dimensional structures is studied to bring such materials one step closer to the real-life application. Lattices structures of gyroid triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) were fabricated out of 2D materials, namely, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), forming for the first time free-standing MoS2 (FSM) lattice and free-standing hetero-structural lattice of MoS2 and rGO (FSH) out of TPMS. These 2D materials were also integrated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer, forming FSM/PDMS and FSH/PDMS composites. Mechanical characterization, including compression and cyclic tests, were conducted on FSM, FSH, and the composites. Additionally, electromechanical characterization was conducted to evaluate the sensing potential of these structures. It is worth noting that the elastic modulus of the 10 unit-cells with either FSM or FSH was higher than the other lattices of the same type. FSH tends to have a higher modulus at 1504.4 kPa in the 10 unit-cells. This modulus is even higher at 3 MPa when PDMS is added to the FSH lattice. Due to the brittle fracture, FSM or FSH lattices follow the layer-by-layer failure mechanism. Samples with PDMS are more stable towards such cyclic tests without noticeable failures or a decrease in elastic modulus. Finally, the 10 unit-cell lattices of FSH/PDMS composite have the highest conductivity at 2.5 mA, and a comparable sensitivity at 0.365 kPa−1 over the range of 0–100 kPa.
研究二维(2D)材料构建为三维结构的行为,是为了使这类材料更接近实际应用。研究人员利用二维材料,即二硫化钼(MoS2)和还原氧化石墨烯(rGO),制造出了陀螺三周期最小表面(TPMS)晶格结构,首次在 TPMS 中形成了独立的 MoS2(FSM)晶格和 MoS2 与 rGO 的独立异质结构晶格(FSH)。这些二维材料还与聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)弹性体结合,形成了 FSM/PDMS 和 FSH/PDMS 复合材料。对 FSM、FSH 和复合材料进行了机械表征,包括压缩和循环测试。此外,还进行了机电表征,以评估这些结构的传感潜力。值得注意的是,具有 FSM 或 FSH 的 10 个单元格的弹性模量高于其他同类型晶格。在 10 个单元格中,FSH 的弹性模量往往较高,达到 1504.4 kPa。在 FSH 晶格中加入 PDMS 后,模量更高,达到 3 兆帕。由于脆性断裂,FSM 或 FSH 晶格遵循逐层破坏机制。添加了 PDMS 的样品在这种循环测试中更加稳定,不会出现明显的失效或弹性模量下降。最后,FSH/PDMS 复合材料的 10 个单元晶格在 2.5 mA 时具有最高的电导率,在 0-100 kPa 范围内的灵敏度为 0.365 kPa-1。
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引用次数: 0
An IGBT coupling structure with a smart service life reliability predictor using active learning 采用主动学习技术的智能使用寿命可靠性预测器的 IGBT 耦合结构
IF 4.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad7659
Shizhe Feng, Yicheng Guo, Weihua Li, Haiping Du, Grzegorz Krolczyk and Z Li
An effective approach is proposed to evaluate the service life reliability of a multi-physics coupling structure of an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) module. The node-based smoothed finite element method with stabilization terms is firstly employed to construct an electrical-thermal-mechanical (ETM) coupling structure of the IGBT module, based on which the multi-physics responses can be accurately calculated to predict the service life of the IGBT module. By using the high-quality sample data obtained through the ETM coupling model, a Monte Carlo based active learning Kriging metamodel (AK-MCS) is developed to assess the service life reliability of the IGBT module, which can greatly reduce the computational cost needed by the surrogate model construction and reliability analysis. Numerical results show that the proposed ETM coupling structure can produce high-quality sample data of the IGBT dynamics and the AK-MCS machine learning technique can accurately estimate the service life reliability of the IGBT module.
本文提出了一种评估绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)模块多物理耦合结构使用寿命可靠性的有效方法。首先采用基于节点的平滑有限元法和稳定项来构建 IGBT 模块的电-热-机耦合(ETM)结构,在此基础上精确计算多物理场响应,从而预测 IGBT 模块的使用寿命。利用 ETM 耦合模型获得的高质量样本数据,开发了基于蒙特卡罗的主动学习克里金元模型(AK-MCS)来评估 IGBT 模块的使用寿命可靠性,从而大大降低了代用模型构建和可靠性分析所需的计算成本。数值结果表明,所提出的 ETM 耦合结构可以产生高质量的 IGBT 动态样本数据,AK-MCS 机器学习技术可以准确估计 IGBT 模块的使用寿命可靠性。
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引用次数: 0
Nonlinear vibration of a loaded string in energy harvesting 能量采集中加载弦的非线性振动
IF 4.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad79cf
Tao Liu, Chaoyang Zhao, Yaowen Yang and Weifeng Yuan
Designing wideband energy harvesters using beam structures typically involves complexities, particularly in low-frequency and low-energy environments where the limitations of beam structures become more evident. To address these challenges, this study proposed a strategy for energy harvesting using a loaded-string system and established a theoretical model to investigate its performance. A parametric study was conducted for the string system, examining the effects of initial tension, mass location, material stiffness and excitation amplitude. The accuracy of the proposed model was verified through experimental validation. Both theoretical and experimental analyses observed a frequency shifting phenomenon, demonstrating the wideband characteristics of the system. Furthermore, the proposed string structure allows for convenient parameter adjustments, enabling the tuning of its natural frequency and operating bandwidth to meet more stringent practical requirements. The string system provides a new direction for designing energy harvesters to harness low-frequency energy from the ambient environment.
利用波束结构设计宽带能量收集器通常涉及复杂的问题,特别是在低频和低能量环境中,波束结构的局限性更加明显。为了应对这些挑战,本研究提出了一种利用加载弦系统进行能量收集的策略,并建立了一个理论模型来研究其性能。针对弦系统进行了参数研究,考察了初始张力、质量位置、材料刚度和激励振幅的影响。实验验证了所建模型的准确性。理论和实验分析都观察到了频率偏移现象,证明了系统的宽带特性。此外,所提出的弦结构可以方便地调整参数,从而调整其固有频率和工作带宽,以满足更严格的实际要求。该弦系统为设计能量收集器提供了一个新的方向,以利用环境中的低频能量。
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引用次数: 0
Shape optimization of a non-uniform piezoelectric bending beam for human knee energy harvester 用于人体膝部能量收集器的非均匀压电弯曲梁的形状优化
IF 4.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad78ce
Haisu Liao, Tsunho Wu, Gang Gao, Xinyu Wu and Fei Gao
Scavenging energy from the human body to provide a sustainable source for electronic devices has gained significant attention. Recently, scientists have focused on harnessing biomechanical energy from human motion. This study was dedicated to developing and optimizing a non-uniform piezoelectric bending beam-based human knee energy harvester. The bimorph non-uniform piezoelectric bending beam consisted of a non-uniform carbon fiber substrate and piezoelectric macro fiber composites. Compared to the uniform piezoelectric bending beam, the non-uniform piezoelectric beam can optimize the shape to improve the average strain, thus improving the energy harvesting efficiency. In this study, eight shape functions, including ellipse, sin, tanh, exponential function, parabola, trigonometric line, and bell curves, were investigated and optimized. The bell curve bending beam was selected and fabricated due to its good performance. Then, a benchmark platform was developed to test the deflection curve and reaction force when the nonuniform bending beam was compressed. Finally, to validate the design, experimental testing on three subjects was conducted when they were equipped with the harvester and walked on a treadmill. Testing results indicated that the non-uniform bending beam-based energy harvester can improve the energy harvesting efficiency by 28.57% compared to the uniform beam-based energy harvester. The output power can reach 18.94 mW when walking at 7.0 km h−1.
从人体中收集能量,为电子设备提供可持续的能量来源,已经引起了人们的极大关注。最近,科学家们开始关注从人体运动中利用生物机械能。本研究致力于开发和优化基于非均匀压电弯曲梁的人体膝关节能量收集器。双态非均匀压电弯曲梁由非均匀碳纤维基板和压电宏纤维复合材料组成。与均匀压电弯曲梁相比,非均匀压电梁可以通过优化形状来提高平均应变,从而提高能量收集效率。本研究对椭圆、sin、tanh、指数函数、抛物线、三角线和钟形曲线等八种形状函数进行了研究和优化。由于钟形曲线弯曲梁性能良好,因此选择并制作了钟形曲线弯曲梁。然后,开发了一个基准平台来测试非均匀弯曲梁受压时的挠度曲线和反作用力。最后,为了验证设计的有效性,我们对三名受试者进行了实验测试,测试时他们都配备了收割机并在跑步机上行走。测试结果表明,与基于均匀梁的能量收集器相比,基于非均匀弯曲梁的能量收集器可将能量收集效率提高 28.57%。当以 7.0 km h-1 的速度行走时,输出功率可达 18.94 mW。
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引用次数: 0
A frequency steerable electromagnetic acoustic transducer 频率可调电磁声学换能器
IF 4.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad78cf
Lucas M Martinho, Luca De Marchi and Alan C Kubrusly
Electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) are convenient for non-destructive evaluation of plate-like structures since they can generate, without the need for contact with the medium under test, different types of ultrasonic guided waves. Guided-wave EMATs usually generate waves omnidirectionally or in a principal propagation direction. Beam steering is desirable in several applications, such as in inspections of large-area structures. This is usually achieved with several independently controlled elements forming a phased array. Alternatively, mono-element transducers with directional-dependent spectral content can steer the generated wave beam by altering the frequency of the excitation signal. A piezoelectric transducer with this characteristic, namely a frequency steerable acoustic transducer, was previously proposed. Its design was addressed in the wavenumber domain, leading to unconventional transducer shapes, but still reproducible with a piezoelectric patch, albeit unfeasible to implement as an EMAT. Here, we propose a new kind of EMAT, namely, frequency steerable EMAT (FSEMAT), whose design is addressed in the spatial domain in order to ensure its physical realization with a coil-magnet arrangement whilst still effectively presenting steering capability. The novel EMAT was designed to generate the A0 Lamb wave mode in a frequency range from approximately 100 to 600 kHz. The FSEMAT was fabricated and experimentally evaluated in an aluminium plate at different frequencies within the designed frequency range, where each frequency corresponded to a specific propagating direction with high directivity, assessed by half-power beam widths of approximately 10 degrees. Furthermore, its theoretical directivity was computed by means of a wavenumber spectrum-based model, and showed good agreement with experimental results. The new transducer allows great flexibility effectively providing beam steering with a single EMAT.
电磁声学传感器(EMAT)可产生不同类型的超声导波,无需接触被测介质,因此便于对板状结构进行无损评估。导波 EMAT 通常产生全向波或主要传播方向的波。在一些应用中,例如在大面积结构检测中,需要进行波束转向。这通常通过几个独立控制的元件组成相控阵来实现。另外,单元件换能器的频谱内容与方向有关,可以通过改变激励信号的频率来对产生的波束进行转向。以前曾提出过一种具有这种特性的压电换能器,即频率可转向声换能器。它的设计是在波数域中进行的,因此会产生非常规的换能器形状,但仍可通过压电贴片进行再现,尽管无法作为电磁超声换能器来实现。在这里,我们提出了一种新型电磁超声波传感器,即频率可调电磁超声波传感器(FSEMAT),其设计在空间域进行,以确保通过线圈-磁铁布置实现其物理功能,同时仍然有效地提供转向能力。新型电磁超声波传感器的设计目的是在大约 100 到 600 kHz 的频率范围内产生 A0 兰姆波模式。在设计频率范围内的不同频率下,在铝板上制作了 FSEMAT 并对其进行了实验评估,每个频率对应一个具有高指向性的特定传播方向,半功率波束宽度约为 10 度。此外,它的理论指向性是通过基于波谱的模型计算得出的,与实验结果非常吻合。这种新型传感器具有极大的灵活性,能有效地利用单个电磁超声波传感器提供波束转向。
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引用次数: 0
Enhanced vibration energy harvesting from coupled pendulums through inertial amplifiers 通过惯性放大器加强耦合摆的振动能量采集
IF 4.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad77ff
R S Kattimani, P V Malaji, S S Chappar and S Adhikari
Achieving higher power output across a broader frequency spectrum presents a significant challenge for vibration energy harvesters aimed at powering low-powered devices from ambient sources. This study introduces the novel concept of employing inertial amplifiers to couple mistuned pendulum electromagnetic harvesters for enhanced energy harvesting performance. A mathematical model elucidating the inertial amplifier mechanism is developed, and analytical results are compared against conventional uncoupled harvesters. Experimental studies demonstrated up to 1.8 times higher power output and a 2-fold increase in operational frequency bandwidth compared to uncoupled harvesters when employing inertial amplifier coupling. The proposed inertially coupled harvester design offers a powerful solution to significantly improve energy transduction levels and extend the viable frequency range, enabling efficient scavenging of ambient vibrations for powering wireless sensors and low-power electronics.
要在更宽的频谱范围内实现更高的功率输出,对于旨在从环境源为低功率设备供电的振动能量收集器来说是一项重大挑战。本研究介绍了采用惯性放大器耦合失谐摆式电磁采集器以增强能量采集性能的新概念。研究建立了一个阐明惯性放大器机制的数学模型,并将分析结果与传统的非耦合收割机进行了比较。实验研究表明,当采用惯性放大器耦合时,功率输出比非耦合收割机高出 1.8 倍,工作频率带宽增加了 2 倍。所提出的惯性耦合收割机设计提供了一个强大的解决方案,可显著提高能量传导水平并扩展可行频率范围,从而实现对环境振动的有效清除,为无线传感器和低功耗电子设备供电。
{"title":"Enhanced vibration energy harvesting from coupled pendulums through inertial amplifiers","authors":"R S Kattimani, P V Malaji, S S Chappar and S Adhikari","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad77ff","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad77ff","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving higher power output across a broader frequency spectrum presents a significant challenge for vibration energy harvesters aimed at powering low-powered devices from ambient sources. This study introduces the novel concept of employing inertial amplifiers to couple mistuned pendulum electromagnetic harvesters for enhanced energy harvesting performance. A mathematical model elucidating the inertial amplifier mechanism is developed, and analytical results are compared against conventional uncoupled harvesters. Experimental studies demonstrated up to 1.8 times higher power output and a 2-fold increase in operational frequency bandwidth compared to uncoupled harvesters when employing inertial amplifier coupling. The proposed inertially coupled harvester design offers a powerful solution to significantly improve energy transduction levels and extend the viable frequency range, enabling efficient scavenging of ambient vibrations for powering wireless sensors and low-power electronics.","PeriodicalId":21656,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Programming the deformation of the temperature driven spiral structure in 4D printing 4D 印刷中温度驱动螺旋结构的变形编程
IF 4.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad7801
Liulan Lin, Jiajie Yan and Shaolong Qiu
Achieving shape programming of 4D printed actuators by varying the manufacturing process parameters. In this study, the effect of different path combinations on structural deformation was investigated. By altering the driving layer, passive layer, and grid angle, the spiral deformation direction of the double-layer structure was precisely controlled. Additionally, a finite element analysis model was established to predict the deformation behavior of PLA-based spiral structures. Furthermore, the influence of printing speed, nozzle temperature, line width, layer height, and plate temperature on the spiral curvature of the structure was examined. The results show that increasing printing speed and plate temperature can improve the spiral behavior of the structure, whereas increasing line width, layer height, and nozzle temperature have opposite effects. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted on the five printing parameters to predict their influence on the spiral curvature of the structure, and a predictive model for the spiral deformation was developed. The structure was partitioned for design purposes, aiming to achieve diverse deformations of the actuator under the same geometric configuration. A loop-shaped actuator was designed to capture objects. The results showed that the path combination determined the spiral direction of the actuator, while the forming parameters effectively controlled the spiral curvature of the actuator.
通过改变制造工艺参数实现 4D 打印致动器的形状编程。本研究探讨了不同路径组合对结构变形的影响。通过改变驱动层、被动层和网格角度,精确控制了双层结构的螺旋变形方向。此外,还建立了一个有限元分析模型来预测基于聚乳酸的螺旋结构的变形行为。此外,还研究了印刷速度、喷嘴温度、线宽、层高和印版温度对结构螺旋曲率的影响。结果表明,提高印刷速度和印版温度可以改善结构的螺旋行为,而提高线宽、层高和喷嘴温度则会产生相反的效果。对五个印刷参数进行了多元线性回归分析,以预测它们对结构螺旋曲率的影响,并建立了螺旋变形预测模型。出于设计目的,对结构进行了分区,目的是在相同的几何配置下实现致动器的不同变形。设计了一个环形致动器来捕捉物体。结果表明,路径组合决定了致动器的螺旋方向,而成型参数则有效控制了致动器的螺旋曲率。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamic stability and response of morphing wing structure with time-varying stiffness 具有时变刚度的变形机翼结构的动态稳定性和响应
IF 4.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad765a
Manoj Prabhakar and Senthil Murugan
Morphing, adaptable or smart structures are being used in mechanical and aerospace applications in recent years. These structures often have the property of time-varying stiffness or inertial properties, which can cause parametric instability issues that are not well understood. This paper examines the dynamic stability and response of a morphing aircraft wing with periodically time-varying structural stiffness. The wing is modeled as a beam with coupled bending-torsion motion, and parametrically excited stiffness. Aerodynamic loads introduce aerodynamic damping and aerodynamic stiffness to the wing structure. The dynamic and aeroelastic equation of motion resembles a coupled, damped Mathieu-type equation but differs with asymmetric damping and stiffness matrices, and symmetric inertial matrix. Further, these equations are functions of airspeed, magnitude and frequency of parametric excitation. Initially, dynamic stability of the wing is analyzed using Floquet theory, and the instability regions are numerically quantified by stability charts. Subsequently, dynamic responses in the stable and unstable regions are investigated with a Floquet-based Harmonic balance method. The findings reveal that, at zero airspeed, the combination instabilities are eliminated by varying the bending and torsional stiffness with equal magnitudes and frequency. However, as airspeed increases, instability regions shift unevenly, leading to the emergence of new instabilities. Furthermore, the response analysis within stable regions uncovers several unfavorable zones for operating the variable stiffness, where response decay is slower. The results clearly show that parametric excitation can cause unusual phenomena that significantly impact the operation of morphing wings with variable stiffness, which needs to be thoroughly investigated for successful implementation.
近年来,变形、适应性或智能结构正被用于机械和航空航天领域。这些结构通常具有时变刚度或惯性特性,这可能会导致参数不稳定性问题,而人们对这些问题的理解还不够深入。本文研究了具有周期性时变结构刚度的变形机翼的动态稳定性和响应。机翼被模拟为具有耦合弯曲扭转运动和参数激励刚度的梁。空气动力载荷为机翼结构引入了空气动力阻尼和空气动力刚度。动态和气动弹性运动方程类似于耦合阻尼马修式方程,但不同之处在于阻尼和刚度矩阵不对称,惯性矩阵对称。此外,这些方程是空速、参数激励的大小和频率的函数。首先,使用 Floquet 理论分析了机翼的动态稳定性,并通过稳定性图表对不稳定区域进行了数值量化。随后,使用基于 Floquet 的谐波平衡方法研究了稳定和不稳定区域的动态响应。研究结果表明,在零空速时,通过以相同的幅度和频率改变弯曲和扭转刚度,可以消除组合不稳定性。然而,随着空速的增加,不稳定区域会不均匀地移动,从而导致新的不稳定性出现。此外,稳定区域内的响应分析还发现了几个不利于变刚度操作的区域,这些区域的响应衰减较慢。结果清楚地表明,参数激励可能会导致异常现象,对具有可变刚度的变形机翼的运行产生重大影响,这需要进行深入研究才能成功实施。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of textile pre-stretch and printed geometry on the curvature of PLA-Lycra 4D textiles 纺织品预拉伸和印花几何形状对聚乳酸-莱卡 4D 纺织品曲率的影响
IF 4.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad7800
Stefano Pandini, Chiara Pasini, Davide Battini, Andrea Avanzini, Antonio Fiorentino, Ileana Bodini and Simone Pasinetti
4D textiles are a specific class of 4D printed materials obtained by printing flat patterns on elastically pre-tensioned textiles and being able to switch from planar systems to complex 3D objects after the textile pre-stretch is released. The mechanical balance between textile recovering strain and printed structure stiffness determines the final shape. This study is carried out by coupling pre-stretched Lycra to PLA and explores ways to control 4D textile shape transformations by varying pre-stretch (10% ÷ 60%), printed structure geometry (bar-shaped and star-shaped elements; star-shaped patterns), printed element thickness (0.3 ÷ 3 mm) and mutual distance (2 ÷ 15 mm). By adjusting these parameters, a wide set of out-of-plane curvatures are obtained, ranging from flat, to dome-like and highly curved, wrapped or coiled shapes. Digital optical methods, including digital image analysis, 3D scanning, and digital image correlation, are used to evaluate the complexity of the final shape and strain state evolution during shape transformation. The geometry variation is measured in terms of height increase (maximum 45 mm for a star-shaped system, 30 mm for a multiple star pattern) and of area decrease (maximum 80% for a star-shaped system, 60% for a multiple star pattern). While most shape transformations occur immediately after printing (‘direct 4D printing’), further shape evolutions may be triggered by heating above the PLA glass transition, allowing for the creation of dynamic structures whose shape changes upon external stimuli. The adhesion between the 3D printed element and the stretched textile is also examined, with a focus on determining the role of interfacial strength and the conditions that could enhance it. This study provides an overview of the primary design variables and valuable maps of their impacts on shape transformations in this broad scenario of influencing parameters.
4D 纺织品是一种特殊的 4D 印刷材料,通过在弹性预拉伸纺织品上印刷平面图案,并在纺织品预拉伸释放后从平面系统转换为复杂的 3D 物体。纺织品恢复应变和打印结构刚度之间的机械平衡决定了最终形状。本研究将预拉伸莱卡与聚乳酸耦合在一起,通过改变预拉伸(10% ÷ 60%)、印刷结构几何形状(条形和星形元素;星形图案)、印刷元素厚度(0.3 ÷ 3 毫米)和相互距离(2 ÷ 15 毫米),探索控制 4D 纺织品形状转换的方法。通过调整这些参数,可以获得多种平面外曲率,包括平面、圆顶形和高度弯曲、包裹或卷曲形状。数字光学方法,包括数字图像分析、三维扫描和数字图像相关性,用于评估最终形状的复杂性和形状转换过程中的应变状态演变。几何形状的变化以高度增加(星形系统最大增加 45 毫米,多星形图案最大增加 30 毫米)和面积减少(星形系统最大减少 80%,多星形图案最大减少 60%)来衡量。虽然大多数形状变化都是在打印后立即发生的("直接 4D 打印"),但如果加热到聚乳酸玻璃化转变以上,则可引发进一步的形状演变,从而创建出在外部刺激下形状会发生变化的动态结构。本研究还考察了 3D 打印元件与拉伸纺织品之间的粘附性,重点是确定界面强度的作用以及增强界面强度的条件。这项研究提供了主要设计变量的概述,以及在这种影响参数广泛的情况下,它们对形状变化的影响的宝贵映射。
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引用次数: 0
Structural health monitoring for 3D-printed civil infrastructures: a review of challenges, applications and future directions 三维打印民用基础设施的结构健康监测:挑战、应用和未来方向综述
IF 4.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad754f
Lukesh Parida and Sumedha Moharana
The integration of 3D printed constructions into civil projects has created new opportunities for economically efficient construction. However, preserving the long-term structural integrity of 3D-printed structures poses considerable challenges. This study covers the importance of structural health monitoring (SHM) and deployment of sensors for condition monitoring of 3D-printed civil infrastructure. It explores a wide range of sensors that might be used for continual evaluation and assessment of structural efficiency and the challenges related to SHM in these components. The report provides cost benefit analysis and case studies describing effective sensor installations in 3D-printed structures, demonstrating the ability of the technology to enhance the safety and integrity of infrastructure systems. It also identifies potential challenges and issues that must be resolved before sensor-based SHM can be successfully used in 3D-printed civil structures. The research emphasizes the potential of maintenance planning and decision support systems for optimizing maintenance schedules, reducing downtime, and increasing cost-effectiveness. This research is critical for academics, engineers, and professionals using sensors for 3D-printed structural systems.
将三维打印建筑融入民用项目为经济高效的建筑工程创造了新机遇。然而,如何保持 3D 打印结构的长期结构完整性是一个相当大的挑战。本研究涵盖了结构健康监测(SHM)和部署传感器对 3D 打印民用基础设施进行状态监测的重要性。报告探讨了可用于持续评估和评价结构效率的各种传感器,以及与这些组件的结构健康监测相关的挑战。报告提供了成本效益分析和案例研究,介绍了在三维打印结构中有效安装传感器的情况,展示了该技术提高基础设施系统安全性和完整性的能力。报告还指出了在三维打印民用结构中成功使用基于传感器的 SHM 之前必须解决的潜在挑战和问题。研究强调了维护规划和决策支持系统在优化维护计划、减少停机时间和提高成本效益方面的潜力。这项研究对于将传感器用于三维打印结构系统的学者、工程师和专业人员来说至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
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