Nondestructive evaluation of debonding in composites using air-coupled coda wave analysis and local defect resonance techniques

IF 3.7 3区 材料科学 Q1 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Smart Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI:10.1088/1361-665x/ad6cba
Zhiqiang Li, Jingpin Jiao, Xiangfeng Zheng, Xiaojun Hao, Cunfu He, Bin Wu
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Abstract

Low acoustic energy conversion efficiency is a major challenge for air-coupled ultrasonic technology. In the determination of the lift-off distance of air-coupled sensors, there is a balance between the acoustic energy attenuation and the difficulty of extracting defect information. In this study, an air-coupled local defect resonance (LDR) technique with coda wave analysis is proposed for the nondestructive evaluation of debonding in composites. A sensor consisting of 19 elements was used to simultaneously excite and receive ultrasonic waves. Air-coupled LDR experiments were conducted on the two types of composite structures. The effects of sensor lift-off distance and coda wave analysis on the performance of the LDR technique were investigated. It was found that the sensor lift-off distance and the coda wave analysis had a significant effect on the defect detection capability of the LDR technique. For composites, the optimal sensor lift-off distance was found to be between 3.5λ and 5.5λ, where λ is the wavelength. Compared to multiple reflection echoes, the coda waves are more suitable for identifying the damage in composites. The proposed non-contact ultrasonic technique effectively reduces the required incident acoustic energy and can be used for efficient detection of debonding in composites.
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利用空气耦合尾波分析和局部缺陷共振技术对复合材料的脱粘进行无损评估
声能转换效率低是空气耦合超声波技术面临的一大挑战。在确定空气耦合传感器的提升距离时,需要在声能衰减和提取缺陷信息的难度之间取得平衡。在这项研究中,提出了一种空气耦合局部缺陷共振(LDR)技术,该技术具有尾波分析功能,可用于复合材料脱粘的无损评估。传感器由 19 个元件组成,用于同时激发和接收超声波。在两种复合材料结构上进行了空气耦合 LDR 实验。研究了传感器升离距离和尾波分析对 LDR 技术性能的影响。结果发现,传感器的升离距离和尾波分析对 LDR 技术的缺陷检测能力有显著影响。对于复合材料,最佳的传感器提升距离在 3.5λ 和 5.5λ 之间,其中 λ 是波长。与多重反射回波相比,正弦波更适合用于识别复合材料中的损伤。所提出的非接触式超声波技术可有效降低所需的入射声波能量,并可用于复合材料脱粘的有效检测。
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来源期刊
Smart Materials and Structures
Smart Materials and Structures 工程技术-材料科学:综合
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
12.20%
发文量
317
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Smart Materials and Structures (SMS) is a multi-disciplinary engineering journal that explores the creation and utilization of novel forms of transduction. It is a leading journal in the area of smart materials and structures, publishing the most important results from different regions of the world, largely from Asia, Europe and North America. The results may be as disparate as the development of new materials and active composite systems, derived using theoretical predictions to complex structural systems, which generate new capabilities by incorporating enabling new smart material transducers. The theoretical predictions are usually accompanied with experimental verification, characterizing the performance of new structures and devices. These systems are examined from the nanoscale to the macroscopic. SMS has a Board of Associate Editors who are specialists in a multitude of areas, ensuring that reviews are fast, fair and performed by experts in all sub-disciplines of smart materials, systems and structures. A smart material is defined as any material that is capable of being controlled such that its response and properties change under a stimulus. A smart structure or system is capable of reacting to stimuli or the environment in a prescribed manner. SMS is committed to understanding, expanding and dissemination of knowledge in this subject matter.
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