Effect of microstructural heterogeneity and grain morphology on the annealing behavior of additively manufactured metastable β titanium alloy

J Q Chang, Y N Wu, Z B Zhang
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Abstract

Titanium alloys fabricated by additive manufacturing usually exhibit significant heterogeneity in grain size and morphology. Recrystallization treatment is an effective approach to alter the microstructure and achieve a more homogeneous structure. In this study, recrystallization and grain growth behaviours of a metastable β titanium alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and direct energy deposition (DED) were investigated. The LPBF sample developed a chessboard-like microstructure, with considerable variations in grain size and morphology across molten pools. Recrystallization started from the boundary of these pools, where grains were finer and the stored energy was higher. The DED sample had a heterogeneous structure with alternating layers of equiaxed grains and columnar grains oriented with <100> along the building direction. Results obtained from in-situ EBSD demonstrated that grain growth occurred preferentially in regions with fine equiaxed grains, and regions with columnar grains showed limited grain growth due to the relatively lower driving force and mobility.
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微观结构异质性和晶粒形态对添加式制造的可转移 β 钛合金退火行为的影响
通过快速成型制造的钛合金通常在晶粒尺寸和形态上表现出明显的异质性。再结晶处理是改变微观结构并获得更均匀结构的有效方法。在本研究中,研究了通过激光粉末床熔融(LPBF)和直接能量沉积(DED)制造的可代谢β钛合金的再结晶和晶粒生长行为。LPBF 样品形成了棋盘状的微观结构,熔池中的晶粒大小和形态变化很大。再结晶从这些熔池的边界开始,那里的晶粒更细,储存的能量更高。DED 样品具有异质结构,等轴晶粒层和柱状晶粒层交替出现,沿构建方向的取向为 <100>。原位 EBSD 得出的结果表明,晶粒生长优先发生在具有较细等轴晶粒的区域,而具有柱状晶粒的区域由于驱动力和流动性相对较低,晶粒生长有限。
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