Scientific analysis of folk contract documents from Tianshui region: insights of fiber use and preservation state

IF 2.6 1区 艺术学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Heritage Science Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI:10.1186/s40494-024-01390-3
Mengfan Ge, Zhou Gu, Feifei Tian, Jiatong Shi, Yiming Yang, Jilong Shi, Bin Han
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Abstract

Folk contract documents (FCD) are valuable materials for studying social history, and the paper they use reflects the social realities of different eras and social classes. Research and scientific analysis of numerous FCD samples after the fourteenth century are rare. We conducted a study on 96 Tianshui folk contract documents (TFCD, 107 paper samples) from the Tianshui area of Gansu Province, Northwest China, taking into account both the textual content and the materiality of paper carriers, and interpreted the results from multiple lines of evidence and discussion. Physical performance analysis revealed that the paper used by the northern folk exhibits a lower apparent density, which is not conducive to the long-term preservation of paper. The preservation status investigation, curtain pattern analysis, and fiber analysis show that the paper used in the TFCD differs from traditional cultural paper regarding disease types, production precision, and fiber materials, providing a basis for its protection and restoration. The analysis of chemical components indicated that the aging and yellowing of paper can be correlated with the content of sulfur and carbonyl groups. The feasibility of using pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) analysis to quickly identify papermaking fibers in a large number of paper samples was proposed. By utilizing various techniques to inspect the paper of documents, this study helps to enhance the academic understanding of FCD materials. In addition, it expands the knowledge base of Northwest handmade paper.

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天水地区民间契约文书的科学分析:对纤维使用和保存状况的启示
民间契约文书(FCD)是研究社会历史的宝贵资料,其使用的纸张反映了不同时代和社会阶层的社会现实。对 14 世纪以后的大量民间契约文书样本进行研究和科学分析的情况并不多见。我们对西北甘肃天水地区的 96 份天水民间契约文书(TFCD,107 份纸样)进行了研究,兼顾了文字内容和纸张载体的物理性能,并从多方面进行了考证和讨论,对研究结果进行了解读。物理性能分析表明,北方民间使用的纸张表观密度较低,不利于纸张的长期保存。保存状况调查、帘纹分析和纤维分析表明,保护区使用的纸张在病害类型、制作精度、纤维材料等方面与传统文化用纸有所不同,为其保护和修复提供了依据。化学成分分析表明,纸张的老化和泛黄与硫和羰基的含量有关。提出了利用热解气相色谱-质谱分析法(Py-GC/MS)快速鉴定大量纸张样本中造纸纤维的可行性。通过利用各种技术检测文献纸张,本研究有助于加深学术界对 FCD 材料的了解。此外,它还扩展了西北手工纸的知识库。
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来源期刊
Heritage Science
Heritage Science Arts and Humanities-Conservation
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
20.00%
发文量
183
审稿时长
19 weeks
期刊介绍: Heritage Science is an open access journal publishing original peer-reviewed research covering: Understanding of the manufacturing processes, provenances, and environmental contexts of material types, objects, and buildings, of cultural significance including their historical significance. Understanding and prediction of physico-chemical and biological degradation processes of cultural artefacts, including climate change, and predictive heritage studies. Development and application of analytical and imaging methods or equipments for non-invasive, non-destructive or portable analysis of artwork and objects of cultural significance to identify component materials, degradation products and deterioration markers. Development and application of invasive and destructive methods for understanding the provenance of objects of cultural significance. Development and critical assessment of treatment materials and methods for artwork and objects of cultural significance. Development and application of statistical methods and algorithms for data analysis to further understanding of culturally significant objects. Publication of reference and corpus datasets as supplementary information to the statistical and analytical studies above. Description of novel technologies that can assist in the understanding of cultural heritage.
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