Electrochemical sensor based on molybdenum-doped graphene oxide nanorods anchored carbon spheres/vanadium pentoxide nanocomposites for simultaneous determination of diclofenac sodium and posaconazole

Abstract

Herein, the current study describes a simple and low-cost electrochemical platform for simultaneous estimation of diclofenac sodium (DCF) and posaconazole (POS) that is proved to be effective treatment of fungal mycetoma. Molybdenum-doped graphene oxide nanorods anchored carbon sphere-doped vanadium oxide nanocomposites were developed using co-precipitation method. The electrochemical measurements were conducted using square wave voltammetric (SWV) technique in optimal conditions. The designed modified electrode showed excellent voltammetric responses towards DCF and POS with 0.18 V difference in the oxidation peak potentials, making the developed modified nano-sensor suitable for simultaneous determination of the interested compounds. The physico-chemical properties of the fabricated nanocomposites were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscope, powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In terms of low limits of detection (LOD) 10.2 nM DCF and 3.81 nM POS, the established voltammetric sensor provided worthy analytical behavior for sensing DCF and POS. The applicability of the designed senor was effectively presented in the spiked human urine and plasma samples.