Different kinds of data: samples and the relational framework

IF 1.7 1区 哲学 Q1 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Biology & Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI:10.1007/s10539-024-09962-0
Aline Potiron
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Abstract

This paper proposes an original definition of samples as a kind of data within the relational framework of data. The distinction between scientific objects (e.g., samples, data, models) often needs to be clarified in the philosophy of science to understand their role in the scientific inquiry. The relational framework places data at the forefront of knowledge construction. Their epistemic status depends on their evaluation as potential evidence in a research situation and their ability to circulate among researchers. While samples are significant in data-generating science, their role has been underexplored in the philosophy of data literature. I draw on a case study from data-centric microbiology, viz. amplicon sequencing, to introduce specifications of the relational framework. These specifications capture the distinctive epistemic role of samples, allowing the discussion of their significance in the inquiry process. I argue that samples are necessarily transformed to be considered as evidence, portable in the limits of a situation, and they act as world anchors for claims about a phenomenon. I compare these specifications with other data and evidence frameworks and suggest they are compatible. The paper concludes by considering the extension of these criteria in the context of biobanking. The specifications proposed here help analyze other life sciences cases and deepen our understanding of samples and their epistemological role in scientific research.

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不同类型的数据:样本和关系框架
本文提出了一个新颖的定义,即样本是数据关系框架内的一种数据。在科学哲学中,科学对象(如样本、数据、模型)之间的区别往往需要加以澄清,以便理解它们在科学探究中的作用。关系框架将数据置于知识建构的最前沿。它们在认识论上的地位取决于它们在研究情境中作为潜在证据的评价,以及它们在研究人员之间流通的能力。虽然样本在数据生成科学中举足轻重,但数据哲学文献对样本的作用却探讨不足。我利用以数据为中心的微生物学案例研究,即扩增子测序,来介绍关系框架的规范。这些规范捕捉到了样本在认识论上的独特作用,允许讨论它们在探究过程中的意义。我认为,样本必须经过转换才能被视为证据,在特定情况下可移植,它们是对某一现象提出主张的世界锚。我将这些规范与其他数据和证据框架进行了比较,并认为它们是兼容的。最后,本文考虑将这些标准扩展到生物银行领域。本文提出的规范有助于分析其他生命科学案例,加深我们对样本及其在科学研究中的认识论作用的理解。
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来源期刊
Biology & Philosophy
Biology & Philosophy 管理科学-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
8.00%
发文量
48
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Recent decades have witnessed fascinating and controversial advances in the biological sciences. This journal answers the need for meta-theoretical analysis, both about the very nature of biology, as well as about its social implications. Biology and Philosophy is aimed at a broad readership, drawn from both the sciences and the humanities. The journal subscribes to no specific school of biology, nor of philosophy, and publishes work from authors of all persuasions and all disciplines. The editorial board reflects this attitude in its composition and its world-wide membership. Each issue of Biology and Philosophy carries one or more discussions or comparative reviews, permitting the in-depth study of important works and topics.
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