Not all heroes wear shells: New data on the spicules' morphology in acochlidimorph mollusc

IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q4 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY Acta Zoologica Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI:10.1111/azo.12517
Anna L. Mikhlina, Ekaterina D. Nikitenko, Elena V. Vortsepneva
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Abstract

Calcareous skeletal structures are common among different invertebrate groups, including Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Mollusca, and Echinodermata. They appear externally as shells, plates, or scales, or internally as subepidermal spicules. Although typically formed outside of the cells, in one class of gastropod molluscs, the Heterobranchia, subepidermal and intracellular spicules are found—a rare case, at least for the molluscs. This type of spicules is present in several phylogenetically distant groups of heterobranch molluscs (Rhodopemorpha, Acochlidimorpha, and Nudibranchia), each different in terms of morphology and autecology. This raises questions about the origin and homology of subepidermal spicules in heterobranch molluscs. To answer these questions, understanding the process of spicule formation is crucial. This is impeded by insufficient data on the fine structure of the subepidermal spicules and adjacent epithelia. To address this problem, we carried out a comprehensive morphological study of subepidermal spicules and the body wall in one species of Acochlidimorpha. We revealed variations in the cellular composition of the epidermis, musculature organization, and spicules' arrangement, which most likely reflect the different functional roles of the spicule complex within Heterobranchia representatives. However, the obtained data are insufficient to answer the question of the origin of spicules and their homology within Heterobranchia.
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并非所有英雄都有贝壳:关于无脊椎软体动物脊柱形态的新数据
石灰质骨骼结构常见于不同的无脊椎动物类群,包括多孔动物、蛇形纲、扁形动物、软体动物和棘皮动物。它们在外部表现为壳、板或鳞片,在内部则表现为表皮下的棘皮。虽然通常是在细胞外形成,但在腹足类软体动物中,异鳃纲发现了表皮下和细胞内的骨刺--至少在软体动物中这种情况很少见。这种类型的棘皮存在于几个系统发育距离较远的异鳃纲软体动物类群(Rhodopemorpha、Acochlidimorpha 和 Nudibranchia)中,每个类群在形态学和自生态学方面都各不相同。这就提出了关于异支软体动物表皮下棘皮的起源和同源性的问题。要回答这些问题,了解棘皮的形成过程至关重要。表皮下棘皮和邻近上皮的精细结构数据不足,阻碍了这一工作的开展。为了解决这个问题,我们对一个物种的表皮下棘皮和体壁进行了全面的形态学研究。我们发现了表皮细胞组成、肌肉组织和棘突排列的变化,这些变化很可能反映了棘突复合体在异鳃纲动物中的不同功能作用。然而,所获得的数据还不足以回答棘皮动物的起源及其在异鳃亚目中的同源性问题。
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来源期刊
Acta Zoologica
Acta Zoologica 生物-动物学
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
8.30%
发文量
35
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Published regularly since 1920, Acta Zoologica has retained its position as one of the world''s leading journals in the field of animal organization, development, structure and function. Each issue publishes original research of interest to zoologists and physiologists worldwide, in the field of animal structure (from the cellular to the organismic level) and development with emphasis on functional, comparative and phylogenetic aspects. Occasional review articles are also published, as well as book reviews.
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