The current situation and trend of land ecological security evaluation from the perspective of global change

Abstract

As an inevitable issue in the contemporary world, global change imposes a profound and complex influence on the Earth’s ecosystem. This study begins by addressing the adaptation to risks associated with global change and focuses on the concept of land ecological security, thereby exploring its related connotations and interactions with global climate change. Through the use of econometric analysis methods along with induction and summarization techniques, a comprehensive analysis is conducted of the evolutionary stage, research hotspots, dynamic trends, and main contents of land ecological security assessment studies in both the Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases from 2004 to 2024. The findings provide crucial insights into the evaluation of land ecological security under conditions of global change. Evaluation efforts have focused primarily on the entropy weight method, ecosystem services, index system, matter–element model, early warning and climate change. Moreover, synergistic, additive, and antagonistic relationships exist between climate change and land ecological security. However, existing evaluation methods, index systems, spatiotemporal scales, evaluation levels, and criteria all exhibit certain limitations that should be optimized further through leveraging information technology and big data. Future research on development under global change faces numerous pressures and challenges. It is important to enhance the integration of diverse data sources, facilitate technological innovation and promote interdisciplinary collaboration. Moreover, incorporating the spillover effect of ecosystems into the evaluation index system, emphasizing process simulation and dynamic assessment, tracking the impact of uncertainties such as climate change and human activities on land ecosystems, and strengthening the analysis of influencing factors are essential. The integration of evaluation, monitoring, regulation, management, and protection serves as a pivotal strategy in addressing global change in land ecological security research.