Pub Date : 2024-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112843
Jinsuk Jeong, Chan-Ryul Park
Urban forests are essential for supporting ecosystem functions that benefit both city residents and urban biodiversity. This study assessed urban forests through three key indicators—availability, accessibility, and connectivity—to create balanced, nature-based solutions for sustainable urban forest management. Availability serves as a straightforward and comparable criterion that provides resources for both humans and biodiversity in urban areas. However, accessibility and connectivity indicators exhibit distinct and sometimes contradictory characteristics, emphasizing the complexity of balancing human access with ecological continuity. At the practical management scale of urban forests, walking-based accessibility and the Integral Index of Connectivity emerged as particularly strong contrasting indicators, offering valuable insights for tailoring management strategies to local needs. These findings indicate the need to harmonize urban forest policies to meet the needs of both residents and urban biodiversity, ensuring the long-term health and resilience of urban ecosystems.
{"title":"Urban forest indicator assessment for nature-based solutions to connect biodiversity and people","authors":"Jinsuk Jeong, Chan-Ryul Park","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban forests are essential for supporting ecosystem functions that benefit both city residents and urban biodiversity. This study assessed urban forests through three key indicators—availability, accessibility, and connectivity—to create balanced, nature-based solutions for sustainable urban forest management. Availability serves as a straightforward and comparable criterion that provides resources for both humans and biodiversity in urban areas. However, accessibility and connectivity indicators exhibit distinct and sometimes contradictory characteristics, emphasizing the complexity of balancing human access with ecological continuity. At the practical management scale of urban forests, walking-based accessibility and the Integral Index of Connectivity emerged as particularly strong contrasting indicators, offering valuable insights for tailoring management strategies to local needs. These findings indicate the need to harmonize urban forest policies to meet the needs of both residents and urban biodiversity, ensuring the long-term health and resilience of urban ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112843"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112840
Xihan Yao , Shan Jin , Zhuohui Zhao , Ranhao Sun , Chunfang Wang , Zhaowu Yu
Extreme heat events caused by climate change and rapid urbanization are major environmental issues affecting the health of urban populations, especially in metropolitan areas. However, few studies have employed a systematic risk assessment model to delineate heat health risk (HHR) in rapidly urbanizing metropolitan areas at a finer resolution, and rare studies have used epidemiological approaches for validation, as mortality is typically considered the most crucial indicator for assessing health impact. Here, a novel integrated socio-ecological-economic index (SEEI) was used to analyze the spatial distribution and evolution of HHR with a neighborhood resolution in Shanghai from 2000 to 2020, and four heat-related mortality indicators were applied to validate. The results showed that (1) the spatial distribution of the SEEI in Shanghai exhibited significant differences between urban and suburban areas, with the main urban areas having an average SEEI 2–3 times higher than suburban areas. (2) Overall, the SEEI peaked in 2010 and declined in 2020, with very high-risk neighborhoods decreasing from seven in 2000 to none in 2020. However, there was a slight trend towards a wider range of moderate-risk neighborhoods. (3) The heat-related mortality indicators exhibited significant correlations with SEEI, demonstrating the reliability of the SEEI as also confirmed by sensitivity analysis. The SEEI used in this study can provide a basis for decision-making for Shanghai as well as similar metropolitan areas to prevent extreme heat events.
{"title":"A novel integrated socio-ecological-economic index for assessing heat health risk","authors":"Xihan Yao , Shan Jin , Zhuohui Zhao , Ranhao Sun , Chunfang Wang , Zhaowu Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extreme heat events caused by climate change and rapid urbanization are major environmental issues affecting the health of urban populations, especially in metropolitan areas. However, few studies have employed a systematic risk assessment model to delineate heat health risk (HHR) in rapidly urbanizing metropolitan areas at a finer resolution, and rare studies have used epidemiological approaches for validation, as mortality is typically considered the most crucial indicator for assessing health impact. Here, a novel integrated socio-ecological-economic index (SEEI) was used to analyze the spatial distribution and evolution of HHR with a neighborhood resolution in Shanghai from 2000 to 2020, and four heat-related mortality indicators were applied to validate. The results showed that (1) the spatial distribution of the SEEI in Shanghai exhibited significant differences between urban and suburban areas, with the main urban areas having an average SEEI 2–3 times higher than suburban areas. (2) Overall, the SEEI peaked in 2010 and declined in 2020, with very high-risk neighborhoods decreasing from seven in 2000 to none in 2020. However, there was a slight trend towards a wider range of moderate-risk neighborhoods. (3) The heat-related mortality indicators exhibited significant correlations with SEEI, demonstrating the reliability of the SEEI as also confirmed by sensitivity analysis. The SEEI used in this study can provide a basis for decision-making for Shanghai as well as similar metropolitan areas to prevent extreme heat events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112840"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112833
Jianghong Wu , Mengxiu Zeng , Yunfeng Liu , Cheng Zhu , Yongqiu Wu , Xinyi Mao , Nengjing Wang , Xiaolu Wang , Jiasheng Wang , Zhangrong Wu
The Chengdu Plain (CDP), located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and recognized as one of the cradles of ancient Chinese civilization, is closely associated with the ancient Shu culture. While previous studies have extensively explored the relationship between environmental disasters and cultural evolution in the CDP, the impact of paleofire events remains insufficiently examined. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of charcoal particles across various size (0–30, 30–50, 50–125, and > 125 μm) from sediment samples collected at the Baodun and Majie sites in the CDP. Key findings include: (1) Minimal paleofire activity is evident between 6200 and 5100 cal. a BP, aligning with low levels of human occupation. After 5100 cal. a BP, anthropogenic fire activity notably increased, associated with practices such as slash-and-burn agriculture, pottery production, bronze smelting, ritual activities, warfare, and social conflicts. (2) Large-scale fires corresponded closely with abrupt climatic shifts. An expansion of herbaceous vegetation likely contributed to heightened fire frequencies, particularly of local fires after 4500 cal. a BP, indicating that climatic conditions significantly influenced fire regimes alongside changing vegetation patterns. (3) High charcoal concentrations in the late phases of earlier cultural periods correlate with later settlements located at higher elevations and greater distances from rivers. Shifts in settlement orientation, with eastern-facing settlements showing lower average charcoal concentrations and westward-facing settlements exhibiting increased charcoal deposition, suggest changes in fire exposure related to settlement locating choices. (4) The decline of the Sanxingdui and Jinsha-Shierqiao cultures appears to be primarily driven by natural disasters, rather than solely by climate-induced environmental changes. However, in other periods, a strong correlation between climatic fluctuations and cultural transitions underscores the complex interplay between environmental dynamics and human adaptation strategies.
{"title":"Drivers of prehistoric cultural evolution in the Chengdu Plain: Fire events and environmental changes during the middle and late Holocene","authors":"Jianghong Wu , Mengxiu Zeng , Yunfeng Liu , Cheng Zhu , Yongqiu Wu , Xinyi Mao , Nengjing Wang , Xiaolu Wang , Jiasheng Wang , Zhangrong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Chengdu Plain (CDP), located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and recognized as one of the cradles of ancient Chinese civilization, is closely associated with the ancient Shu culture. While previous studies have extensively explored the relationship between environmental disasters and cultural evolution in the CDP, the impact of paleofire events remains insufficiently examined. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of charcoal particles across various size (0–30, 30–50, 50–125, and > 125 μm) from sediment samples collected at the Baodun and Majie sites in the CDP. Key findings include: (1) Minimal paleofire activity is evident between 6200 and 5100 cal. a BP, aligning with low levels of human occupation. After 5100 cal. a BP, anthropogenic fire activity notably increased, associated with practices such as slash-and-burn agriculture, pottery production, bronze smelting, ritual activities, warfare, and social conflicts. (2) Large-scale fires corresponded closely with abrupt climatic shifts. An expansion of herbaceous vegetation likely contributed to heightened fire frequencies, particularly of local fires after 4500 cal. a BP, indicating that climatic conditions significantly influenced fire regimes alongside changing vegetation patterns. (3) High charcoal concentrations in the late phases of earlier cultural periods correlate with later settlements located at higher elevations and greater distances from rivers. Shifts in settlement orientation, with eastern-facing settlements showing lower average charcoal concentrations and westward-facing settlements exhibiting increased charcoal deposition, suggest changes in fire exposure related to settlement locating choices. (4) The decline of the Sanxingdui and Jinsha-Shierqiao cultures appears to be primarily driven by natural disasters, rather than solely by climate-induced environmental changes. However, in other periods, a strong correlation between climatic fluctuations and cultural transitions underscores the complex interplay between environmental dynamics and human adaptation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112833"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112841
Tatiana A. Shestakova , Brendan M. Rogers , Brendan Mackey , Sonia Hugh , Patrick Norman , Elena A. Kukavskaya
Forests around the world are under immense pressure from human land use and climate change. Old-growth and primary forests have been degraded in recent decades, yet are generally more resilient and resistant to climate change effects compared to human-modified forests. Nowhere is this more evident than in Russian Siberia, which contains almost one-fifth of the world’s forest area and has been subjected to a variety of land uses and disturbances since the mid-20th century. Although a number of related geospatial products exist, there are no large-scale maps of old-growth and primary forests across Siberia. However, remotely sensed metrics of forest stability have been shown to relate to old-growth and primary forests in tropical and boreal environments. Here we apply stability indices from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors across boreal Siberia from 2003 to 2020. Our results indicate that forests in the central and southern taiga contain most areas of high stability, but also distinct zones of disturbance and low stability. We identified three regions with particularly low forest stability: (i) the Zabaikal region in southern Siberia, (ii) a portion of the central taiga spanning the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), and (iii) the West Siberian lowlands. This approach can be used to monitor Siberian boreal forest condition, and could be applied to other boreal forested regions.
{"title":"Tracking ecosystem stability across boreal Siberia","authors":"Tatiana A. Shestakova , Brendan M. Rogers , Brendan Mackey , Sonia Hugh , Patrick Norman , Elena A. Kukavskaya","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forests around the world are under immense pressure from human land use and climate change. Old-growth and primary forests have been degraded in recent decades, yet are generally more resilient and resistant to climate change effects compared to human-modified forests. Nowhere is this more evident than in Russian Siberia, which contains almost one-fifth of the world’s forest area and has been subjected to a variety of land uses and disturbances since the mid-20th century. Although a number of related geospatial products exist, there are no large-scale maps of old-growth and primary forests across Siberia. However, remotely sensed metrics of forest stability have been shown to relate to old-growth and primary forests in tropical and boreal environments. Here we apply stability indices from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors across boreal Siberia from 2003 to 2020. Our results indicate that forests in the central and southern taiga contain most areas of high stability, but also distinct zones of disturbance and low stability. We identified three regions with particularly low forest stability: (i) the Zabaikal region in southern Siberia, (ii) a portion of the central taiga spanning the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), and (iii) the West Siberian lowlands. This approach can be used to monitor Siberian boreal forest condition, and could be applied to other boreal forested regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112841"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112829
Wenjie Chen , Yong Lei , Long Qi , Jiaxuan Zheng , Guoru Huang , Huilin Wang
The Pearl River Delta (PRD) has undergone rapid urbanization over the past three decades, leading to significant changes in urban flood risk and resilience. This study addresses the critical need to understand evolution trend of urban flood risk and resilience in the PRD for both pre-urbanization (1990) and post-urbanization (2020) periods. Using 12 indices integrated within the different frameworks, the spatial and temporal evolution of risk and resilience over the past 30 years are analyze. Six new evaluative indicators are introduced to capture spatial characteristics and their evolutionary trends more accurately. Findings reveal the spatial distribution of urban flood risk and resilience. And the results further indicate that high-risk and low-resilience areas have expanded, become more interconnected, and exhibited increased fragmentation and complexity, while spatial aggregation has decreased. High-risk areas particularly show a trend of spreading southward, whereas low-resilience areas have remained relatively stable. Strategies involving green infrastructure to reduce the interconnection of flood risk patches, urban planning to limit the expansion of risk regions, and adaptive management to handle the complexity of flood-prone areas are proposed. This study provides insights into the spatiotemporal evolution of flood risk and resilience, offering valuable guidance for urban planners and policymakers.
{"title":"Understanding the evolution trend of urban flood risk and resilience for better flood management","authors":"Wenjie Chen , Yong Lei , Long Qi , Jiaxuan Zheng , Guoru Huang , Huilin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Pearl River Delta (PRD) has undergone rapid urbanization over the past three decades, leading to significant changes in urban flood risk and resilience. This study addresses the critical need to understand evolution trend of urban flood risk and resilience in the PRD for both pre-urbanization (1990) and post-urbanization (2020) periods. Using 12 indices integrated within the different frameworks, the spatial and temporal evolution of risk and resilience over the past 30 years are analyze. Six new evaluative indicators are introduced to capture spatial characteristics and their evolutionary trends more accurately. Findings reveal the spatial distribution of urban flood risk and resilience. And the results further indicate that high-risk and low-resilience areas have expanded, become more interconnected, and exhibited increased fragmentation and complexity, while spatial aggregation has decreased. High-risk areas particularly show a trend of spreading southward, whereas low-resilience areas have remained relatively stable. Strategies involving green infrastructure to reduce the interconnection of flood risk patches, urban planning to limit the expansion of risk regions, and adaptive management to handle the complexity of flood-prone areas are proposed. This study provides insights into the spatiotemporal evolution of flood risk and resilience, offering valuable guidance for urban planners and policymakers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112829"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112844
Hao Su , Mingxi Du , Qiuyu Liu , Xiang Kang , Li Zhao , Wei Zheng , Ziyan Liao
Escalating land use and cover change (LUCC) trends and intensifying impacts of climate change have brought about a global decline in ecosystem services (ESs). Historical and current ES Bundles (ESBs) are usually investigated as representative of ES capacities. However, whether the coupling impact of future climate and LUCCs on regional ESBs will be facilitated or inhibited is still unclear. Here, we evaluate and simulate the ESBs of Shaanxi Province, a typical region of Northwest China, from 2000 to 2050. We find that future land use patterns are characterized by the incremental amount of ecological land area and construction land, while arable land faces a significant decline. Moreover, we observe trade-offs in water-related ES pairs due to precipitation latitudinal zonation and topography, while other ESs exhibit synergistic relationships. As climate and land use changes intensify, the transformation probability among ecological and barren ESBs becomes progressively stronger. We recommend focusing on ES interactions and the comprehensive rehabilitation of regional ESs to improve the ESBs of ecologically fragile and urbanized areas.
{"title":"Assessment of regional Ecosystem Service Bundles coupling climate and land use changes","authors":"Hao Su , Mingxi Du , Qiuyu Liu , Xiang Kang , Li Zhao , Wei Zheng , Ziyan Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Escalating land use and cover change (LUCC) trends and intensifying impacts of climate change have brought about a global decline in ecosystem services (ESs). Historical and current ES Bundles (ESBs) are usually investigated as representative of ES capacities. However, whether the coupling impact of future climate and LUCCs on regional ESBs will be facilitated or inhibited is still unclear. Here, we evaluate and simulate the ESBs of Shaanxi Province, a typical region of Northwest China, from 2000 to 2050. We find that future land use patterns are characterized by the incremental amount of ecological land area and construction land, while arable land faces a significant decline. Moreover, we observe trade-offs in water-related ES pairs due to precipitation latitudinal zonation and topography, while other ESs exhibit synergistic relationships. As climate and land use changes intensify, the transformation probability among ecological and barren ESBs becomes progressively stronger. We recommend focusing on ES interactions and the comprehensive rehabilitation of regional ESs to improve the ESBs of ecologically fragile and urbanized areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112844"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112853
Haitao Chen , Chengcheng Wang , Qiuru Ren , Xia Liu , Jiaxue Ren , Gelin Kang , Yuqiu Wang
Despite the global adoption of watershed Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) to enhance water quality, their effectiveness in achieving improvements remains inadequately assessed. This study employed the Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season (WRTDS) model to evaluate water quality changes in China’s first cross-provincial Ecological Compensation (EC) watershed from 2000 to 2020, and to determine the impact of human interventions and climate change. Results showed that the WRTDS model accurately predicted concentrations and loads of TN, NH4+, CODMn, and TP, while human interventions, including WWTPs construction and EC measures, have improved water quality to varying extents. Specifically, NH4+ concentrations rose sharply from 2000 to 2008 but decreased during the EC period, indicating effective wastewater treatment. However, TN concentrations continued to rise, and TP levels did not significantly decrease, probably due to the accumulation legacy N and P in soil and groundwater. Moreover, CODMn concentrations exhibited a steady increased from 2000 to 2020. These trends collectively suggest that point source pollution controls are effective, while non-point source pollution, particularly legacy sources, remains a considerable challenge. In addition, water quality variations under different climate conditions reveal the diversity of potential pollution sources, while extreme precipitation events potentially increasing TN, CODMn, and TP concentrations. Overall, the WRTDS model effectively evaluates the watershed EC programmes, identifies long-term water quality trends and potential sources, and offers valuable insights for optimizing pollution control strategies.
{"title":"Long-term water quality dynamics and trend assessment reveal the effectiveness of ecological compensation: Insights from China’s first cross-provincial compensation watershed","authors":"Haitao Chen , Chengcheng Wang , Qiuru Ren , Xia Liu , Jiaxue Ren , Gelin Kang , Yuqiu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the global adoption of watershed Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) to enhance water quality, their effectiveness in achieving improvements remains inadequately assessed. This study employed the Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season (WRTDS) model to evaluate water quality changes in China’s first cross-provincial Ecological Compensation (EC) watershed from 2000 to 2020, and to determine the impact of human interventions and climate change. Results showed that the WRTDS model accurately predicted concentrations and loads of TN, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, COD<sub>Mn</sub>, and TP, while human interventions, including WWTPs construction and EC measures, have improved water quality to varying extents. Specifically, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> concentrations rose sharply from 2000 to 2008 but decreased during the EC period, indicating effective wastewater treatment. However, TN concentrations continued to rise, and TP levels did not significantly decrease, probably due to the accumulation legacy N and P in soil and groundwater. Moreover, COD<sub>Mn</sub> concentrations exhibited a steady increased from 2000 to 2020. These trends collectively suggest that point source pollution controls are effective, while non-point source pollution, particularly legacy sources, remains a considerable challenge. In addition, water quality variations under different climate conditions reveal the diversity of potential pollution sources, while extreme precipitation events potentially increasing TN, COD<sub>Mn</sub>, and TP concentrations. Overall, the WRTDS model effectively evaluates the watershed EC programmes, identifies long-term water quality trends and potential sources, and offers valuable insights for optimizing pollution control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112853"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112810
Rongqin Yang , Zhenxia Mu , Rui Gao , Mianting Huang , Shikang Zhao
Clarifying different ecosystem service (ES) interactions and their primary driving factors is essential for effective ecosystem management. Grassland degradation, interrupted river flow, and intensified human activities pose serious threats to the ESs of the Tarim River Basin (TRB). However, there is insufficient research on the between ES interactions and their causal relationships with drivers in the TRB. Therefore, this study measured four key ESs in the TRB: water yield (WY), carbon sequestration (CS), soil conservation (SC), and habitat quality (HQ). Correlation analysis and bivariate local spatial autocorrelation were employed to uncover trade-offs and synergies between different ESs from both holistic and spatial perspectives and ES bundles were identified using self-organizing maps. Geographic convergent cross-mapping was utilized to investigate the cause-and-effect relationships between ESs and their influences, pinpointing the main drivers. The findings revealed that: (1) from 2000 to 2020, WY and SC decreased, whereas CS increased markedly. HQ initially declined but then improved, with an overall insignificant change. Spatially, low-value ES regions were in the central and eastern desert areas, high WY and SC values occurred in mountainous regions, and high CS and HQ values were found in oases and mountainous areas; (2) ESs exhibited significant synergy throughout the watershed. Spatially, trade-offs and synergies coexisted, with high-high synergy predominating in mountainous regions and low-low synergy occurring primarily in the central and eastern desert areas. Trade-off effects were limited, mainly occurring in oases and parts of the Kunlun Mountains. ES bundles exhibited signs of change or deterioration, and the CS regulation bundle and WY supply bundle in particular face degradation risks; (3) the dominant direction of bidirectional asymmetric causality differed across ESs and drivers. Overall, the dominant direction of WY and drivers was that WY influenced drivers (WY → drivers), whereas SC was typically influenced by drivers (drivers → SC). The dominant orientation of CS and HQ concerning drivers is that natural factors influenced these ESs (natural factors → ESs), while human factors were influenced by ESs (ESs → human factors). The main drivers for WY and SC were precipitation, temperature, potential evapotranspiration, and elevation. The main drivers for CS and HQ were land use intensity, followed by precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and temperature. The results of this study provide a reference for the conservation and management of ESs in the TRB.
{"title":"Interactions between ecosystem services and their causal relationships with driving factors: A case study of the Tarim River Basin, China","authors":"Rongqin Yang , Zhenxia Mu , Rui Gao , Mianting Huang , Shikang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clarifying different ecosystem service (ES) interactions and their primary driving factors is essential for effective ecosystem management. Grassland degradation, interrupted river flow, and intensified human activities pose serious threats to the ESs of the Tarim River Basin (TRB). However, there is insufficient research on the between ES interactions and their causal relationships with drivers in the TRB. Therefore, this study measured four key ESs in the TRB: water yield (WY), carbon sequestration (CS), soil conservation (SC), and habitat quality (HQ). Correlation analysis and bivariate local spatial autocorrelation were employed to uncover trade-offs and synergies between different ESs from both holistic and spatial perspectives and ES bundles were identified using self-organizing maps. Geographic convergent cross-mapping was utilized to investigate the cause-and-effect relationships between ESs and their influences, pinpointing the main drivers. The findings revealed that: (1) from 2000 to 2020, WY and SC decreased, whereas CS increased markedly. HQ initially declined but then improved, with an overall insignificant change. Spatially, low-value ES regions were in the central and eastern desert areas, high WY and SC values occurred in mountainous regions, and high CS and HQ values were found in oases and mountainous areas;<!--> <!-->(2) ESs exhibited significant synergy throughout the watershed. Spatially, trade-offs and synergies coexisted, with high-high synergy predominating in mountainous regions and low-low synergy occurring primarily in the central and eastern desert areas. Trade-off effects were limited, mainly occurring in oases and parts of the Kunlun Mountains. ES bundles exhibited signs of change or deterioration, and the CS regulation bundle and WY supply bundle in particular face degradation risks; (3) the dominant direction of bidirectional asymmetric causality differed across ESs and drivers. Overall, the dominant direction of WY and drivers was that WY influenced drivers (WY → drivers), whereas SC was typically influenced by drivers (drivers → SC). The dominant orientation of CS and HQ concerning drivers is that natural factors influenced these ESs (natural factors → ESs), while human factors were influenced by ESs (ESs → human factors).<!--> <!-->The main drivers for WY and SC were precipitation, temperature, potential evapotranspiration, and elevation. The main drivers for CS and HQ were land use intensity, followed by precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and temperature. The results of this study provide a reference for the conservation and management of ESs in the TRB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112810"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112778
Aiping Huang , Xiaobo Liu , Fei Dong , Wenqi Peng , Bing Ma , Zhen Han , Xiaochen Yang
Hydraulic residence time, a key indicator to evaluate the hydrodynamic processes of a lake, especially a floodplain lake, critically affects environmental processes such as water self-purification and algal transport. The hydraulic residence time of Poyang Lake in the east of China, a typical floodplain lake, exhibits significant and complicated variations. Focusing on Poyang Lake, this study adopted the hydraulic data from 1979–2018 to calculate the hydraulic residence time of the lake. Different methods, such as the Mann–Kendall method and hydrodynamic modeling, were used to reveal the long-term variations in the hydraulic residence time and explore the reasons for these variations. Subsequently, this study predicted the possible effects of the planned water conservancy project on the hydraulic residence time of the floodplain lake. The main results can be summarized as follows: (1) In the past 40 years, the annual average hydraulic residence time of Poyang Lake varied between 8.6 and 20.1 d, with a significant reduction noted. Furthermore, the monthly average hydraulic residence time decreased considerably, with the decline in July–September being the most significant. (2) The annual average outflow rate of Poyang Lake increased insignificantly, while the annual average lake volume decreased significantly, which were possibly the main reasons for variations in the annual average hydraulic residence time. (3) In the future, with the planned Poyang Lake water conservancy project (PLWCP), the low water level of the lake is expected to be compensated for by increasing the water level during the regulation period; thus, the hydraulic residence time of the lake would be extended. The findings of this study could deepen the understanding of the hydrodynamic characteristics of floodplain lakes and their responses to water conservancy projects; they could also provide technical foundations for water resource management and environmental protection of floodplain lakes.
{"title":"Long-term variations in hydraulic residence time of floodplain lakes and their response to water conservancy projects","authors":"Aiping Huang , Xiaobo Liu , Fei Dong , Wenqi Peng , Bing Ma , Zhen Han , Xiaochen Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydraulic residence time, a key indicator to evaluate the hydrodynamic processes of a lake, especially a floodplain lake, critically affects environmental processes such as water self-purification and algal transport. The hydraulic residence time of Poyang Lake in the east of China, a typical floodplain lake, exhibits significant and complicated variations. Focusing on Poyang Lake, this study adopted the hydraulic data from 1979–2018 to calculate the hydraulic residence time of the lake. Different methods, such as the Mann–Kendall method and hydrodynamic modeling, were used to reveal the long-term variations in the hydraulic residence time and explore the reasons for these variations. Subsequently, this study predicted the possible effects of the planned water conservancy project on the hydraulic residence time of the floodplain lake. The main results can be summarized as follows: (1) In the past 40 years, the annual average hydraulic residence time of Poyang Lake varied between 8.6 and 20.1 d, with a significant reduction noted. Furthermore, the monthly average hydraulic residence time decreased considerably, with the decline in July–September being the most significant. (2) The annual average outflow rate of Poyang Lake increased insignificantly, while the annual average lake volume decreased significantly, which were possibly the main reasons for variations in the annual average hydraulic residence time. (3) In the future, with the planned Poyang Lake water conservancy project (PLWCP), the low water level of the lake is expected to be compensated for by increasing the water level during the regulation period; thus, the hydraulic residence time of the lake would be extended. The findings of this study could deepen the understanding of the hydrodynamic characteristics of floodplain lakes and their responses to water conservancy projects; they could also provide technical foundations for water resource management and environmental protection of floodplain lakes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112778"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112837
Weiwei Jiang , Wentao Jia , Henglin Xiao
In global water management, the winter-storage, summer-drainage reservoir mechanism effectively mitigates summer floods and winter droughts. However, this counter-seasonal operation poses complex challenges to riparian ecosystems. To explore Nature-based Solutions (NbS), a deep understanding of the spatial development mechanisms of dominant species is crucial. Taking the Longkaikou Reservoir on China’s Jinsha River as an example, we employed drone photogrammetry, quadrat surveys, and null model simulations to intuitively and quantitatively analyze the spatial patterns of dominant riparian species and the underlying ecological processes. Our results showed that a 40 m × 40 m area is the minimum sampling size for determining riparian plant communities. Habitat heterogeneity and dispersal limitation jointly influence population spatial patterns, modulated by spatial scale and species biology. At smaller scales, population aggregation is driven by reproduction and dispersal, while at larger scales, habitat filtering significantly impacts population distribution, leading to random or uniform patterns. Based on these findings, we propose an innovative NbS approach for riparian zones. Using the minimum sampling area as a unit, we suggest employing remote sensing and GIS for grid-based fine management. Within grids (at the community level), enhance habitat connectivity and prioritize native pioneer species with efficient dispersal mechanisms. Between grids (at the metapopulation and ecosystem levels), implement differentiated ecological strategies based on habitat heterogeneity. Additionally, fostering cross-regional and interdisciplinary collaboration will form an integrated research and application framework, supporting riparian ecosystem conservation.
{"title":"Dispersal limitations prompt early vegetation aggregation in counter-seasonal reservoir riparian zones: A case study of Longkaikou Reservoir, China","authors":"Weiwei Jiang , Wentao Jia , Henglin Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In global water management, the winter-storage, summer-drainage reservoir mechanism effectively mitigates summer floods and winter droughts. However, this counter-seasonal operation poses complex challenges to riparian ecosystems. To explore Nature-based Solutions (NbS), a deep understanding of the spatial development mechanisms of dominant species is crucial. Taking the Longkaikou Reservoir on China’s Jinsha River as an example, we employed drone photogrammetry, quadrat surveys, and null model simulations to intuitively and quantitatively analyze the spatial patterns of dominant riparian species and the underlying ecological processes. Our results showed that a 40 m × 40 m area is the minimum sampling size for determining riparian plant communities. Habitat heterogeneity and dispersal limitation jointly influence population spatial patterns, modulated by spatial scale and species biology. At smaller scales, population aggregation is driven by reproduction and dispersal, while at larger scales, habitat filtering significantly impacts population distribution, leading to random or uniform patterns. Based on these findings, we propose an innovative NbS approach for riparian zones. Using the minimum sampling area as a unit, we suggest employing remote sensing and GIS for grid-based fine management. Within grids (at the community level), enhance habitat connectivity and prioritize native pioneer species with efficient dispersal mechanisms. Between grids (at the metapopulation and ecosystem levels), implement differentiated ecological strategies based on habitat heterogeneity. Additionally, fostering cross-regional and interdisciplinary collaboration will form an integrated research and application framework, supporting riparian ecosystem conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112837"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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