Hydrochemical investigation and prediction of groundwater quality in a tropical semi-arid region of southern India using machine learning

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Groundwater for Sustainable Development Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI:10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101343
Girish Gopinath , A.L. Achu , A.R. Sabitha , C.D. Aju , M. Pragath , Govind S. Prasad
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Abstract

Monitoring and predicting groundwater quality is essential for managing water resources, protecting public health, and mitigating environmental impacts. This study presents a comprehensive hydrogeochemical investigation aimed at understanding the general hydrochemistry, identifying the extent of saltwater intrusion and prediction of groundwater quality in the semi-arid coastal aquifers of Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India. Groundwater samples were collected during both pre- and post-monsoon seasons to capture seasonal variations and groundwater quality was evaluated using the entropy weighted water quality index (EWQI) and predicted through the Random Forest (RF) machine learning technique. The findings revealed that total dissolved solids (TDS) exceeded WHO limits in 85% of samples during the pre-monsoon season and 61% during the post-monsoon season, indicating significant groundwater quality issues. Hydrogeochemical facies analysis identified Na-Cl as the dominant water type across all seasons, with a higher prevalence in coastal alluvium regions, suggesting a strong lithological influence and ongoing saline water intrusion. The EWQI coupled RF method provided high predictive accuracy, with R2 values of 0.955 and 0.975 and RMSE values of 6.1 and 5.5 for the pre- and post-monsoon periods, respectively. In addition, results obtained from the RF-EWQI model indicated that ∼11.24% of the study area falls within the extremely poor water quality category. This zone is primarily associated with fluvial, fluvial-marine, and aeolian formations. In terms of spatial distribution, the RF-EWQI values for both seasons exhibit a parallel trend with the seawater mixing index (SMI), suggesting that the poor groundwater quality is primarily linked to the coastal alluvium aquifer. This underscores the significant impact of saline water intrusion on groundwater quality, particularly in the coastal alluvium aquifer. This integrated approach presented here offers valuable insights for improving groundwater quality assessment and management.

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利用机器学习对印度南部热带半干旱地区的地下水质量进行水化学调查和预测
监测和预测地下水质量对于管理水资源、保护公众健康和减轻环境影响至关重要。本研究介绍了一项全面的水文地质化学调查,旨在了解印度泰米尔纳德邦图蒂科林半干旱沿海含水层的总体水文化学性质,确定盐水入侵的程度并预测地下水质量。在季风前后两个季节采集了地下水样本,以捕捉季节性变化,并使用熵加权水质指数(EWQI)对地下水质量进行了评估,还通过随机森林(RF)机器学习技术对地下水质量进行了预测。研究结果表明,季风前和季风后分别有 85% 和 61% 的样本总溶解固体 (TDS) 超过了世界卫生组织的限值,这表明地下水存在严重的水质问题。水文地质化学面分析表明,Na-Cl 是所有季节的主要水质类型,在沿海冲积层地区更为普遍,这表明岩性影响很大,盐水入侵仍在继续。EWQI 耦合射频法具有很高的预测精度,季风前和季风后的 R2 值分别为 0.955 和 0.975,RMSE 值分别为 6.1 和 5.5。此外,RF-EWQI 模型得出的结果表明,11.24% 的研究区域属于极差水质类别。这一区域主要与河流、河流-海洋和风化层有关。从空间分布来看,两个季节的 RF-EWQI 值与海水混合指数 (SMI) 呈平行趋势,表明地下水水质较差主要与沿海冲积含水层有关。这突出表明了盐水入侵对地下水水质的重大影响,尤其是对沿岸冲积含水层的影响。本文介绍的这一综合方法为改进地下水质量评估和管理提供了宝贵的启示。
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来源期刊
Groundwater for Sustainable Development
Groundwater for Sustainable Development Social Sciences-Geography, Planning and Development
CiteScore
11.50
自引率
10.20%
发文量
152
期刊介绍: Groundwater for Sustainable Development is directed to different stakeholders and professionals, including government and non-governmental organizations, international funding agencies, universities, public water institutions, public health and other public/private sector professionals, and other relevant institutions. It is aimed at professionals, academics and students in the fields of disciplines such as: groundwater and its connection to surface hydrology and environment, soil sciences, engineering, ecology, microbiology, atmospheric sciences, analytical chemistry, hydro-engineering, water technology, environmental ethics, economics, public health, policy, as well as social sciences, legal disciplines, or any other area connected with water issues. The objectives of this journal are to facilitate: • The improvement of effective and sustainable management of water resources across the globe. • The improvement of human access to groundwater resources in adequate quantity and good quality. • The meeting of the increasing demand for drinking and irrigation water needed for food security to contribute to a social and economically sound human development. • The creation of a global inter- and multidisciplinary platform and forum to improve our understanding of groundwater resources and to advocate their effective and sustainable management and protection against contamination. • Interdisciplinary information exchange and to stimulate scientific research in the fields of groundwater related sciences and social and health sciences required to achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals for sustainable development.
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