A systematic review on investigating major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder using MRI and genetic data from 2018 to 2024

Brain-X Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI:10.1002/brx2.70000
Kai Sun, Xin Wang, Guifei Zhou, Wenchao Lv, Rujia Song, Wei Wei, Zhenyu Liu, Changbin Yu
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Abstract

The incidence of affective disorders, of which major depression disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are two main types, has increased rapidly in recent years. They significantly impact patients, their families, and society. However, while affective disorders have become a major issue worldwide, their pathogenesis remains unclear. In the last 6 years, research using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and genetic data has gained prominence in understanding their pathophysiology and etiology. This systematic review collected the studies of MDD and BD research published between January 1, 2018, and February 1, 2024, focusing on studies using MRI and genetic data and indexed in the Web of Science and PubMed database. It aims to investigate the similarities and differences in their imaging phenotypes and underlying molecular bases. After exclusions, a total of 80 articles were included in this review. Research on MDD and BD reveals the critical role of epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, in brain structure and function changes. The genes and pathways implicated in MDD are directly associated with depressive symptoms. In contrast, those implicated in BD are associated with mood regulation and cognitive functions. In addition, functional imaging studies have revealed that abnormalities in MDD are frequently concentrated in regions involved in emotion regulation and stress response. In contrast, those in BD are frequently concentrated in the neural circuits related to reward processing and emotional stability. Further multimodal and multiscale studies are needed to advance the field of mood disorder research.

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2018年至2024年利用核磁共振成像和基因数据研究重度抑郁障碍和双相情感障碍的系统综述
近年来,情感障碍的发病率迅速上升,重度抑郁障碍(MDD)和双相情感障碍(BD)是其中的两大主要类型。它们对患者、患者家庭和社会都造成了重大影响。然而,虽然情感障碍已成为世界性的重大问题,但其发病机制仍不清楚。在过去的 6 年中,利用磁共振成像(MRI)和遗传学数据进行的研究在了解其病理生理学和病因学方面取得了显著进展。本系统性综述收集了2018年1月1日至2024年2月1日期间发表的MDD和BD研究,重点关注使用磁共振成像和遗传数据的研究,并在Web of Science和PubMed数据库中进行了索引。其目的是研究它们的影像表型和潜在分子基础的异同。经过排除,本综述共收录了 80 篇文章。对 MDD 和 BD 的研究揭示了 DNA 甲基化等表观遗传修饰在大脑结构和功能变化中的关键作用。与 MDD 有关的基因和通路与抑郁症状直接相关。相比之下,与 BD 相关的基因则与情绪调节和认知功能有关。此外,功能成像研究显示,多发性抑郁症患者的异常经常集中在情绪调节和压力反应区域。与此相反,BD 患者的异常经常集中在与奖赏处理和情绪稳定相关的神经回路中。要推进情绪障碍研究领域的发展,还需要进一步开展多模态和多尺度研究。
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