Contrasting Cognitive, Behavioral, and Physiological Responses to Breathwork vs. Naturalistic Stimuli in Reflective Chamber and VR Headset Environments

Abstract

Background Virtual reality (VR) and immersive technologies offer benefits in anxiety reduction and mood enhancement. This study examines the effectiveness of rain stimuli and guided breathwork delivered through MindGym, a novel reflective chamber, and a traditional VR headset. Methods Physiological measures, cognitive, and trait and state assessments were collected for 126 participants, randomly assigned to VR (Breathwork), VR (Rain), MindGym (Breathwork), or MindGym (Rain) conditions. Results Significant improvements in cognitive performance, anxiety, and mood were observed across all groups, with an 11.67% reduction in anxiety (STAI). Breathwork conditions showed a greater decrease in breath rate compared to Rain. MODTAS, DPES, and Immersion positively moderated experiences of Awe and Ego Dissolution. Openness interacted with stimuli type, with higher openness associated with greater anxiety reduction in Breathwork conditions. No significant differences were found between MindGym and VR in effectiveness or immersion. Conclusions MindGym and VR demonstrated promise as acute anxiolytics, with MindGym-generated content maintaining effectiveness when translated to VR. This highlights MindGym's potential as a versatile content creation platform for immersive, anxiety-reducing experiences. Individual differences moderated treatment responses, suggesting opportunities for personalized interventions. Future research should explore complex MindGym experiences and adaptation to various delivery systems for accessible, effective anxiety management tools.