Mirages in the Energy Landscape of Soft Sphere Packings

Abstract

The energy landscape is central to understanding low-temperature and athermal systems, like jammed soft spheres. The geometry of this high-dimensional energy surface is controlled by a plethora of minima and their associated basins of attraction that escape analytical treatment and are thus studied numerically. We show that the ODE solver with the best time-for-error for this problem, CVODE, is orders of magnitude faster than other steepest-descent solvers for such systems. Using this algorithm, we provide unequivocal evidence that optimizers widely used in computational studies destroy all semblance of the true landscape geometry, even in moderate dimensions. Using various geometric indicators, both low- and high-dimensional, we show that results on the fractality of basins of attraction originated from the use of inadequate mapping strategies, as basins are actually smooth structures with well-defined length scales. Thus, a vast number of past claims on energy landscapes need to be re-evaluated due to the use of inadequate numerical methods.