Description of bone health in adolescents and young persons with Klinefelter syndrome – results from a pilot study

IF 2.4 Q1 PEDIATRICS Molecular and cellular pediatrics Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI:10.1186/s40348-024-00182-w
Julia Spiekermann, Jakob Höppner, Eliena Ibnukhsein, Kathrin Sinningen, Beatrice Hanusch, Cordula Kiewert, Heide Siggelkow, Corinna Grasemann
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Abstract

In adults with Klinefelter syndrome (KS), impaired bone health with reduced bone mineral density (BMD) has been described even in the presence of testosterone replacement therapy. The aim of the present study was to characterize bone health in young patients with KS. 20 participants aged 16.10 ± 4.28 years with KS (7 with testosterone replacement therapy) were included in the KliBONE study (DRKS 00024870). Medical history, clinical, radiographic and biochemical parameters of bone health and metabolism were obtained. Radiographic bone health index (BHI) was assessed via automated digital X-ray radiogrammetry of the left hand or via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the lumbar spine and left femur in participants ≥ 16 years. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were differentiated into osteoclasts and quantified in 7 participants and 7 healthy controls. Mean BHI SDS was − 1.42 ± 1.22 and mean BMD z-score at the lumbar vertebrae (L1-4) was − 0.92 ± 1.00. 25-OH-vitamin D levels < 20 ng/ml were detected in 8/20. Other parameters of bone metabolism (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, PTH, ß-crosslaps and osteocalcin) were within age-appropriate reference ranges. Serum leptin SDS was elevated (mean 2.15 ± 1.19). The number of osteoclasts in participants with KS did not differ from that of controls. BHI SDS and BMD z-scores were lower than expected in young individuals with KS despite age-appropriate bone turnover markers and no apparent pathology in osteoclast differentiation. The cause of the early-onset bone phenotype requires further investigation.
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描述患有 Klinefelter 综合征的青少年的骨骼健康状况--一项试点研究的结果
在患有 Klinefelter 综合征(KS)的成年人中,即使在接受睾酮替代治疗的情况下,也会出现骨健康受损和骨矿物质密度(BMD)降低的情况。本研究旨在了解 KS 年轻患者的骨骼健康状况。KliBONE 研究(DRKS 00024870)共纳入了 20 名 KS 患者,年龄为 16.10 ± 4.28 岁(其中 7 人接受了睾酮替代治疗)。研究人员采集了病史、临床、放射和生化指标,以了解骨骼健康和新陈代谢情况。对于年龄≥ 16 岁的参与者,通过左手自动数字 X 射线放射测量法或腰椎和左股骨双能 X 射线吸收测量法(DXA)评估放射骨健康指数(BHI)。对 7 名参与者和 7 名健康对照者的外周血单核细胞进行破骨细胞分化和量化。平均 BHI SDS 为 - 1.42 ± 1.22,腰椎(L1-4)平均 BMD z 分数为 - 0.92 ± 1.00。有 8/20 人的 25-OH 维生素 D 水平低于 20 ng/ml。骨代谢的其他参数(骨特异性碱性磷酸酶、PTH、ß-交叉重叠和骨钙素)均在与年龄相适应的参考范围内。血清瘦素 SDS 升高(平均值为 2.15 ± 1.19)。KS 患者的破骨细胞数量与对照组没有差异。尽管KS患者的骨转换标志物与年龄相符,破骨细胞分化也无明显病理变化,但他们的BHI SDS和BMD z分数却低于预期。早发性骨表型的原因需要进一步研究。
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