Optimization and Synthesis of Nano-Niosomes for Encapsulation of Triacontanol by Box–Behnken Design

IF 4.2 2区化学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Molecules Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI:10.3390/molecules29184421

Alfredo Amaury Bautista Solano, Gloria Dávila-Ortiz, María de Jesús Perea-Flores, Alma Leticia Martínez-Ayala

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Abstract

Triacontanol is a long-chain primary alcohol derived from policosanol, known for its diverse biological activities, including functioning as a plant growth regulator and exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antitumoral effects. However, its application is limited due to its high hydrophobicity, resulting in poor absorption and reduced therapeutic effectiveness. A potential solution to this problem is the use of niosomes. Niosomes are carriers composed of non-ionic surfactants, cholesterol, charge-inducing agents, and a hydration medium. They are effective in encapsulating drugs, improving their solubility and bioavailability. The objective of this study was to optimize and synthesize nano-niosomes for the encapsulation of triacontanol. Niosomes were synthesized using a thin-film hydration method combined with ultrasonication, following a Box–Behnken design. Niosomes were characterized using various techniques including dynamic light scattering, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), confocal microscopy, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Formulation 14 of niosomes achieved the desired size, polydispersity index (0.198 ± 0.008), and zeta potential (−31.28 ± 1.21). FTIR analysis revealed a characteristic signal in the 3400–300 cm−1 range, indicating intermolecular interactions due to a bifurcated hydrogen bond between cholesterol and S60. Confocal microscopy confirmed the presence of triacontanol through Nile Red fluorescence. TEM revealed the spherical structure of niosomes.

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通过方框-贝肯设计优化和合成用于包封三尖杉酯醇的纳米生物膜

三孔醇是一种长链伯醇，由policosanol衍生而来，具有多种生物活性，包括作为植物生长调节剂、抗炎和抗肿瘤作用。然而，由于其疏水性较强，导致吸收不良和治疗效果降低，因此其应用受到了限制。解决这一问题的潜在办法是使用niosomes。Niosomes 是一种由非离子表面活性剂、胆固醇、电荷诱导剂和水合介质组成的载体。它们能有效封装药物，提高药物的溶解度和生物利用度。本研究的目的是优化和合成用于包裹三氪醇的纳米生物体。按照 Box-Behnken 设计，采用薄膜水合法结合超声波法合成了 Niosomes。使用动态光散射、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、共聚焦显微镜、高分辨率扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜（TEM）等多种技术对 Niosomes 进行了表征。配方 14 的niosomes达到了理想的尺寸、多分散指数（0.198 ± 0.008）和zeta电位（-31.28 ± 1.21）。傅立叶变换红外光谱分析显示，在 3400-300 cm-1 范围内有一个特征信号，表明胆固醇和 S60 之间的分叉氢键产生了分子间相互作用。共聚焦显微镜通过尼罗河红荧光证实了三孔醇的存在。电子显微镜显示了niosomes的球形结构。

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来源期刊

Molecules 化学-有机化学

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

8.70%

发文量

7524

审稿时长

1.4 months

期刊介绍： Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049, CODEN: MOLEFW) is an open access journal of synthetic organic chemistry and natural product chemistry. All articles are peer-reviewed and published continously upon acceptance. Molecules is published by MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Our aim is to encourage chemists to publish as much as possible their experimental detail, particularly synthetic procedures and characterization information. There is no restriction on the length of the experimental section. In addition, availability of compound samples is published and considered as important information. Authors are encouraged to register or deposit their chemical samples through the non-profit international organization Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI). Molecules has been launched in 1996 to preserve and exploit molecular diversity of both, chemical information and chemical substances.