Soil Building and Capillary Barrier–Enhanced Water Availability Help Explain Pisonia grandis and Other Atoll Native's Tolerance for Variable Precipitation Regimes

IF 2.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Ecohydrology Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI:10.1002/eco.2716
Mary Engels, Robert Heinse, Hillary Young
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Abstract

Pisonia grandis, now threatened, is an important source of soil organic matter on atoll islands and historically composed the dominant canopy of many atoll ecosystems across the Pacific. How the tree manages water to exist across wide precipitation gradients is poorly understood. This study tests the hypotheses that P. grandis is using organic‐rich soils that develop under their canopy and soil layering where organic soils contact carbonate sands as part of their water management strategy. We analysed the chemical and physical properties of soils from two atolls in the central Pacific Ocean, one wet (Palmyra, USA) and one dry (Nikumaroro, Kiribati). Additionally, we used HYDRUS‐1D to simulate vadose zone water dynamics under a range of organic cap thicknesses (0, 14, 30 and 50 cm), precipitation intensities (1, 5 and 10 cm/h) and average precipitation amounts (50, 100, 200 and 400 cm/yr). Laboratory results indicate organic soils are strongly, though not exclusively, associated with P. grandis. Water holding capacity increases with soil organic carbon up to about 10% but not beyond that amount. Modelling results indicate significant water retained in organic soils where they overlie coarse carbonate sediments suggesting a capillary barrier development as the plant‐mediated organic soil accumulates. Retained soil water extends modelled dry‐down times of root‐accessible soil by more than 3 weeks. This indicates that capillary barrier‐enhanced water availability can help explain how P. grandis and other soil‐building atoll species can exist across variable precipitation regimes. To our knowledge, this work is the first description of plant‐mediated capillary barrier development as a water management strategy.
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土壤构建和毛细管屏障增强的水供应能力有助于解释大戟属和其他环礁当地植物对多变降水机制的耐受性
目前已濒临灭绝的大戟属(Pisonia grandis)是环礁岛上土壤有机物的重要来源,历史上曾是太平洋地区许多环礁生态系统的主要树冠。人们对这种树木如何管理水分以跨越巨大的降水梯度生存还知之甚少。本研究检验了这样一种假设,即大叶黄杨利用其树冠下富含有机质的土壤以及有机土壤与碳酸盐沙接触的土壤分层作为其水管理策略的一部分。我们分析了太平洋中部两个环礁土壤的化学和物理特性,一个潮湿(美国帕尔米拉),一个干燥(基里巴斯尼库马罗罗)。此外,我们还使用 HYDRUS-1D 模拟了一系列有机盖厚度(0、14、30 和 50 厘米)、降水强度(1、5 和 10 厘米/小时)和平均降水量(50、100、200 和 400 厘米/年)条件下的软弱带水动力学。实验室结果表明,有机土壤与大叶黄杨的关系密切,但不是唯一的关系。持水量会随着土壤有机碳的增加而增加,最高可达 10%,但超过这一数值则不会增加。建模结果表明,在有机土壤覆盖着粗碳酸盐沉积物的地方,有机土壤中保留了大量的水分,这表明随着植物介导的有机土壤的积累,毛细管屏障逐渐形成。滞留的土壤水分将根系可接触土壤的模拟干燥时间延长了 3 周以上。这表明,毛细管屏障增强了水的可用性,这有助于解释大叶黄杨和其他造土型环礁物种如何在多变的降水机制中生存。据我们所知,这项研究首次描述了植物介导的毛细管屏障发育作为一种水分管理策略。
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来源期刊
Ecohydrology
Ecohydrology 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
7.70%
发文量
116
审稿时长
24 months
期刊介绍: Ecohydrology is an international journal publishing original scientific and review papers that aim to improve understanding of processes at the interface between ecology and hydrology and associated applications related to environmental management. Ecohydrology seeks to increase interdisciplinary insights by placing particular emphasis on interactions and associated feedbacks in both space and time between ecological systems and the hydrological cycle. Research contributions are solicited from disciplines focusing on the physical, ecological, biological, biogeochemical, geomorphological, drainage basin, mathematical and methodological aspects of ecohydrology. Research in both terrestrial and aquatic systems is of interest provided it explicitly links ecological systems and the hydrologic cycle; research such as aquatic ecological, channel engineering, or ecological or hydrological modelling is less appropriate for the journal unless it specifically addresses the criteria above. Manuscripts describing individual case studies are of interest in cases where broader insights are discussed beyond site- and species-specific results.
期刊最新文献
Issue Information Temperature-driven convergence and divergence of ecohydrological dynamics in the ecosystems of a sky island mountain range Issue Information Soil Building and Capillary Barrier–Enhanced Water Availability Help Explain Pisonia grandis and Other Atoll Native's Tolerance for Variable Precipitation Regimes Analysis of Research Hot Spots in Chinese and International English Ecohydrological Literature
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