Leveraging Connected Vehicle Data for Near-Crash Detection and Analysis in Urban Environments

Abstract

Urban traffic safety is a pressing concern in modern transportation systems, especially in rapidly growing metropolitan areas where increased traffic congestion, complex road networks, and diverse driving behaviors exacerbate the risk of traffic incidents. Traditional traffic crash data analysis offers valuable insights but often overlooks a broader range of road safety risks. Near-crash events, which occur more frequently and signal potential collisions, provide a more comprehensive perspective on traffic safety. However, city-scale analysis of near-crash events remains limited due to the significant challenges in large-scale real-world data collection, processing, and analysis. This study utilizes one month of connected vehicle data, comprising billions of records, to detect and analyze near-crash events across the road network in the City of San Antonio, Texas. We propose an efficient framework integrating spatial-temporal buffering and heading algorithms to accurately identify and map near-crash events. A binary logistic regression model is employed to assess the influence of road geometry, traffic volume, and vehicle types on near-crash risks. Additionally, we examine spatial and temporal patterns, including variations by time of day, day of the week, and road category. The findings of this study show that the vehicles on more than half of road segments will be involved in at least one near-crash event. In addition, more than 50% near-crash events involved vehicles traveling at speeds over 57.98 mph, and many occurred at short distances between vehicles. The analysis also found that wider roadbeds and multiple lanes reduced near-crash risks, while single-unit trucks slightly increased the likelihood of near-crash events. Finally, the spatial-temporal analysis revealed that near-crash risks were most prominent during weekday peak hours, especially in downtown areas.