Healthcare Expenditure, Health Outcomes and Economic Growth: A Study of BRICS Countries

IF 1.3 Q1 AREA STUDIES Millennial Asia Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI:10.1177/09763996241266393

Sumandeep Kaur, Ravi Kiran, Rakesh Sharma

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Abstract

This study examines the relation of health spending, health indicators and macroeconomic variables of the BRICS economies with economic growth by using panel data that span the years 2000–2019. According to the panel data analysis, the amount of government spending on healthcare has a positive effect on the gross domestic product (GDP) and gross national income per capita of the BRICS countries. Indicators of healthcare are positively related to GDP and GDP/capita. The exceptions are neonatal mortality and life expectancy at birth, both of which do not exhibit a statistically significant positive relation. The two dependent variables, GDP and GDP/capita, have a positive relation with the rate of population growth; however, GDP has a negative relation with inflation. When GDP and GDP/capita are used as dependent variables, the Hausman test indicates that the cross-section random-effect model is more significant than other models. Due to the positive relationship between GHE, GDP and GDP/capita, the government should play a major role in ensuring high-quality healthcare. Out-of-pocket expense increases in BRICS indicate a reduction in healthcare funds, limiting medical services for all citizens. There is a need to focus on healthcare infrastructure.

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医疗支出、医疗成果与经济增长：金砖国家研究

本研究通过使用 2000-2019 年的面板数据，研究了金砖国家经济体的医疗支出、健康指标和宏观经济变量与经济增长的关系。根据面板数据分析，政府在医疗卫生方面的支出额对金砖国家的国内生产总值（GDP）和人均国民总收入有积极影响。医疗保健指标与国内生产总值和人均国内生产总值呈正相关。但新生儿死亡率和出生时预期寿命除外，这两项指标在统计上并不呈现显著的正相关关系。国内生产总值和国内生产总值/人均这两个因变量与人口增长率呈正相关；但国内生产总值与通货膨胀率呈负相关。当使用国内生产总值和国内生产总值/人均作为因变量时，豪斯曼检验表明横截面随机效应模型比其他模型更显著。由于 GHE、GDP 和 GDP/capita 之间的正相关关系，政府应在确保高质量医疗保健方面发挥重要作用。金砖国家自付费用的增加表明医疗资金减少，限制了为所有公民提供医疗服务。有必要重视医疗基础设施。

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来源期刊

Millennial Asia AREA STUDIES-

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

12.50%

发文量

期刊介绍： Millennial Asia: An International Journal of Asian Studies is a multidisciplinary, refereed biannual journal of the Association of Asia Scholars (AAS)–an association of the alumni of the Asian Scholarship Foundation (ASF). It aims to encourage multifaceted, multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research on Asia, in order to understand its fast changing context as a growth pole of global economy. By providing a forum for Asian scholars situated globally, it promotes dialogue between the global academic community, civil society and policy makers on Asian issues. The journal examines Asia on a regional and comparative basis, emphasizing patterns and tendencies that go beyond national borders and are globally relevant. Modern and contemporary Asia has witnessed dynamic transformations in cultures, societies, economies and political institutions, among others. It confronts issues of collective identity formation, ecological crisis, rapid economic change and resurgence of religion and communal identifies while embracing globalization. An analysis of past experiences can help produce a deeper understanding of contemporary change. In particular, the journal is interested in locating contemporary changes within a historical perspective, through the use of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches. This way, it hopes to promote comparative studies involving Asia’s various regions. The journal brings out both thematic and general issues and the thrust areas are: Asian integration, Asian economies, sociology, culture, politics, governance, security, development issues, arts and literature and any other such issue as the editorial board may deem fit. The core fields include development encompassing agriculture, industry, regional trade, social sectors like health and education and development policy across the region and in specific countries in a comparative perspective.