Understanding nitrogen allocation dynamics in Indian mustard: Insights from enzyme activity and ideotype analysis

IF 3.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE Scientia Horticulturae Pub Date : 2024-09-22 DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113659
Ibandalin Mawlong , M. S. Sujith Kumar , Om Prakash Premi , Basant Kumar Kandpal , Bishal Gurung , Babli Mog , Reema Rani , Vanlalruati , Vijay Veer Singh
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Abstract

The study explores the effect of varying levels of nitrogen (N) application on N allocation in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) genotypes from vegetative to the generative phases. The use of a heat map and PCA biplot analysis identifies two distinct sets of ideotypes. The first set is represented by genotype IC212031 having “Stay-green” phenotype with effective N regulating enzymes, high N uptake (NUpt) and better root development. The second set of ideotype is represented by HB9902 having delayed flowering phenology phases. The study highlights the relevance of Nitrate reductase (NR) in the final oil buildup in seeds (r = 0.5, p = 0.09). The considerable rise in NR activity from pre-anthesis to post-anthesis stages translates to higher seed storage compounds such as oil (r=−0.65, p = 0.03). And the developed prediction models confirmed the significance of these stages (pre-anthesis and post-anthesis) in the accumulation of seed storage components with emphasis on oil content. Similarly, this prediction model helps us to study the cause and effect relationship between various factors and oil content. The notable rise in Nitrite reductase (NiR) activity during the post-anthesis phase suggests its role in assimilating N for the storage of seed components, most likely proteins. Further, the inverse relationship between seed N (−0.53,p = 0.09) and oil content (−0.65, p = 0.03) confirmed that at the post anthesis stage the allocation of N towards precursor carbon compounds happens, which in turn forms either proteins or lipids. This becomes a critical factor in determining the final composition of the seed. Irrespective of N treatment and genotype, the N allocation follows the pattern: seed > siliquae husk > stover > root. However, higher N application rates primarily result in increased NUpt, but not necessarily improve utilisation. Overall, the study highlights the roles of root characteristics, N metabolising enzymes, and flowering phenology in enhancing N allocation and seed production in Indian mustard offering valuable insights for breeding strategies to enhance seed yield, oil content and nutrient efficiency in oilseed crops.

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了解印度芥菜的氮分配动态:酶活性和表意型分析的启示
本研究探讨了不同施氮水平对印度芥菜(Brassica juncea)基因型从无性到生成阶段氮分配的影响。利用热图和 PCA 双图分析确定了两组不同的表意型。第一组以基因型 IC212031 为代表,其表型为 "留绿",具有有效的氮调节酶、高氮吸收率(NUpt)和更好的根系发育。第二组表意型以 HB9902 为代表,具有延迟开花表型阶段。该研究强调了硝酸还原酶(NR)与种子最终油分积累的相关性(r = 0.5,p = 0.09)。从开花前到开花后阶段,NR 活性的显著上升转化为更高的种子贮藏化合物,如油(r=-0.65,p = 0.03)。所开发的预测模型证实了这些阶段(开花前和开花后)在种子贮藏成分积累方面的重要性,重点是含油量。同样,该预测模型也有助于我们研究各种因素与含油量之间的因果关系。在花后阶段,亚硝酸还原酶(NiR)活性显著上升,这表明它在同化氮以储存种子成分(很可能是蛋白质)方面发挥作用。此外,种子氮(-0.53,p= 0.09)与含油量(-0.65,p= 0.03)之间的反比关系证实,在花后阶段,氮被分配给前体碳化合物,进而形成蛋白质或脂质。这成为决定种子最终成分的关键因素。无论氮处理方式和基因型如何,氮的分配都遵循以下模式:种子>;颖壳>;秸秆>;根。然而,较高的氮施用率主要会增加氮的利用率,但并不一定会提高利用率。总之,该研究强调了根系特征、氮代谢酶和开花物候在提高印度芥菜氮分配和种子产量方面的作用,为提高油料作物种子产量、含油量和养分效率的育种策略提供了有价值的见解。
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来源期刊
Scientia Horticulturae
Scientia Horticulturae 农林科学-园艺
CiteScore
8.60
自引率
4.70%
发文量
796
审稿时长
47 days
期刊介绍: Scientia Horticulturae is an international journal publishing research related to horticultural crops. Articles in the journal deal with open or protected production of vegetables, fruits, edible fungi and ornamentals under temperate, subtropical and tropical conditions. Papers in related areas (biochemistry, micropropagation, soil science, plant breeding, plant physiology, phytopathology, etc.) are considered, if they contain information of direct significance to horticulture. Papers on the technical aspects of horticulture (engineering, crop processing, storage, transport etc.) are accepted for publication only if they relate directly to the living product. In the case of plantation crops, those yielding a product that may be used fresh (e.g. tropical vegetables, citrus, bananas, and other fruits) will be considered, while those papers describing the processing of the product (e.g. rubber, tobacco, and quinine) will not. The scope of the journal includes all horticultural crops but does not include speciality crops such as, medicinal crops or forestry crops, such as bamboo. Basic molecular studies without any direct application in horticulture will not be considered for this journal.
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