Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114131
Tommaso Ganino , Martina Galaverni , Lucia Morrone , Scott Lafontaine , Rahul Sen , Annalisa Rotondi , Ilaria Marchioni , Tina Lino , Deborah Beghé , Margherita Rodolfi
This study investigated the effects of micronutrient treatments—Selenium and Betaine (SeBe), Boron (B), Betaine (Be), and their combinations—on the growth, physicochemical attributes, and sensory qualities of ‘Nostrana di Brisighella’ olives. Treatments significantly influenced fruit size, firmness, water content, oil content, and sensory characteristics. SeBe-treated plants yielded larger fruits with higher firmness and oil content, likely due to enhanced water retention and metabolic activity. Notably, B and Be treatments positively influenced sensory attributes, with B enhancing flavor complexity and Be contributing to improved fruit sweetness and aromatic profiles. The combination of B and Be resulted in a synergistic effect, yielding olives with a balanced flavor profile and appealing sensory characteristics. These findings emphasize selenium's role in promoting fruit growth and oil accumulation while highlighting the potential of B and Be to enhance flavor and sensory appeal. This study provides insights into optimizing olive quality through target micronutrient management.
{"title":"Micronutrient applications to enhance olive fruit growth and extra virgin olive oil chemical and sensory attributes","authors":"Tommaso Ganino , Martina Galaverni , Lucia Morrone , Scott Lafontaine , Rahul Sen , Annalisa Rotondi , Ilaria Marchioni , Tina Lino , Deborah Beghé , Margherita Rodolfi","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effects of micronutrient treatments—Selenium and Betaine (SeBe), Boron (B), Betaine (Be), and their combinations—on the growth, physicochemical attributes, and sensory qualities of ‘Nostrana di Brisighella’ olives. Treatments significantly influenced fruit size, firmness, water content, oil content, and sensory characteristics. SeBe-treated plants yielded larger fruits with higher firmness and oil content, likely due to enhanced water retention and metabolic activity. Notably, B and Be treatments positively influenced sensory attributes, with B enhancing flavor complexity and Be contributing to improved fruit sweetness and aromatic profiles. The combination of B and Be resulted in a synergistic effect, yielding olives with a balanced flavor profile and appealing sensory characteristics. These findings emphasize selenium's role in promoting fruit growth and oil accumulation while highlighting the potential of B and Be to enhance flavor and sensory appeal. This study provides insights into optimizing olive quality through target micronutrient management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 114131"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114140
Hongyun Xu , Yingwei Mo , Jiaojiao Lei , Cun Yu
Low temperatures restrict the development and spread of Camellia weiningensis in Guizhou Province, China. Exogenous sugars have demonstrated effectiveness in alleviating low-temperature damage in plants. However, the function of exogenous sugars and their mechanisms remain to be explored in depth. The current study assessed the effects of various exogenous sugars on the physiology, transcriptional regulation, and phyllospheric microorganisms of C. weiningensis under low-temperature stress. The results revealed that low temperature led to significant changes in endogenous sucrose, trehalose, and galactose levels. Spraying exogenous sugars effectively lowered reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and relative electrical conductivity levels. Field experiments showed that exogenous galactose (Gal) treatment had the best effect and significantly enhanced the fruit setting rate by 71 % compared to the control. Physiological analyses revealed that Gal treatment notably elevated the proline content by 1.6 times, as well as peroxidase and glutathione activities by 65 % and 46 %; exogenous sucrose treatment significantly enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase by 79 % and 2.2 times, respectively, and also increased the contents of jasmonic acid and flavonoids by 48 % and 3.3 times, respectively. Transcriptome data indicated that brassinosteroid biosynthesis, carotenoid and chlorophyll metabolic pathways were activated in C. weiningensis under low-temperature stress. In addition, exogenous sugar spraying changed the community structure of C. weiningensis phyllosphere microbes in response to low-temperature stress. The bacterial ACE and Shannon indices were elevated by 1.2-fold and 1.1-fold, respectively, following Gal treatment. Specific sugar spraying selectively decreased some common pathogenic genera (Ramularia, Alternaria, Cladosporium, etc.), and recruited potentially beneficial dominant genera (Sphingomonas, Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas, etc.). This study provides important theoretical support for reducing low-temperature injury in C. weiningensis cultivation through exogenous sugar application.
{"title":"Exogenous sugars alleviate low-temperature injury in Camellia weiningensis through transcriptional regulation and modulating the phyllosphere microbial communities","authors":"Hongyun Xu , Yingwei Mo , Jiaojiao Lei , Cun Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low temperatures restrict the development and spread of <em>Camellia weiningensis</em> in Guizhou Province, China. Exogenous sugars have demonstrated effectiveness in alleviating low-temperature damage in plants. However, the function of exogenous sugars and their mechanisms remain to be explored in depth. The current study assessed the effects of various exogenous sugars on the physiology, transcriptional regulation, and phyllospheric microorganisms of <em>C. weiningensis</em> under low-temperature stress<em>.</em> The results revealed that low temperature led to significant changes in endogenous sucrose, trehalose, and galactose levels. Spraying exogenous sugars effectively lowered reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and relative electrical conductivity levels. Field experiments showed that exogenous galactose (Gal) treatment had the best effect and significantly enhanced the fruit setting rate by 71 % compared to the control. Physiological analyses revealed that Gal treatment notably elevated the proline content by 1.6 times, as well as peroxidase and glutathione activities by 65 % and 46 %; exogenous sucrose treatment significantly enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase by 79 % and 2.2 times, respectively, and also increased the contents of jasmonic acid and flavonoids by 48 % and 3.3 times, respectively. Transcriptome data indicated that brassinosteroid biosynthesis, carotenoid and chlorophyll metabolic pathways were activated in <em>C. weiningensis</em> under low-temperature stress. In addition, exogenous sugar spraying changed the community structure of <em>C. weiningensis</em> phyllosphere microbes in response to low-temperature stress. The bacterial ACE and Shannon indices were elevated by 1.2-fold and 1.1-fold, respectively, following Gal treatment. Specific sugar spraying selectively decreased some common pathogenic genera (<em>Ramularia, Alternaria, Cladosporium, etc.</em>), and recruited potentially beneficial dominant genera (<em>Sphingomonas, Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas, etc.</em>). This study provides important theoretical support for reducing low-temperature injury in <em>C. weiningensis</em> cultivation through exogenous sugar application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 114140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114128
Weilong Zhang , Shuai Yuan , Na Liu , Haixia Zhang , Yuxing Zhang
Dwarf and close planting are emerging as key strategies for pear cultivation, and dwarf ‘Duli’ (Pyrus betulifolia Bunge) rootstock is essential for the success of these planting strategies. However, dwarfism is a complex trait, and many factors influence dwarfism. To evaluate its dwarf characteristics and screen dwarf ‘Duli,’ 28 traits (growth, physiology, and gene expression levels) in 20 dwarf (D1–D20) and 1 control (A1) ‘Duli’ seedlings were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and membership function analysis. The results reveled variation in each index (9.14 %–69.66 %). The internode length, leaf area, and N–pathway enzyme (nitrate reductase, nitrous reductase, and glutamine synthetase) activity were significantly lower in D1–D20 than in A1 seedlings, and the chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, and abscisic acid (ABA) content were significantly higher in D1–D20 seedlings than in A1 seedlings. The expression levels of gibberellin (GA) synthesis pathway genes (PbGA3ox2) and N pathway genes (PbNRT2.1, PbNIR, and PbGS2.2) were down-regulated. Correlation analysis showed that ABA and PbGAI1a were negatively correlated with plant length. Furthermore, the 28 indexes were reduced to six principal components by PCA. Based on the membership function, a comprehensive evaluation formula was generated; 20 dwarf seedlings could be divided into four categories according to the comprehensive scores, and D7 and D3 were extremely short seedlings. The results of our study will facilitate comprehensive evaluations of dwarf plants and have implications for ‘Duli’ breeding programs.
{"title":"Evaluation and screening of dwarfing ‘Duli’ (Pyrus betulifolia Bunge) seedlings by principal component analysis and membership function analysis","authors":"Weilong Zhang , Shuai Yuan , Na Liu , Haixia Zhang , Yuxing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dwarf and close planting are emerging as key strategies for pear cultivation, and dwarf ‘Duli’ (<em>Pyrus betulifolia</em> Bunge) rootstock is essential for the success of these planting strategies. However, dwarfism is a complex trait, and many factors influence dwarfism. To evaluate its dwarf characteristics and screen dwarf ‘Duli,’ 28 traits (growth, physiology, and gene expression levels) in 20 dwarf (D1–D20) and 1 control (A1) ‘Duli’ seedlings were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and membership function analysis. The results reveled variation in each index (9.14 %–69.66 %). The internode length, leaf area, and N–pathway enzyme (nitrate reductase, nitrous reductase, and glutamine synthetase) activity were significantly lower in D1–D20 than in A1 seedlings, and the chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, and abscisic acid (ABA) content were significantly higher in D1–D20 seedlings than in A1 seedlings. The expression levels of gibberellin (GA) synthesis pathway genes (<em>PbGA3ox2</em>) and N pathway genes (<em>PbNRT2.1, PbNIR</em>, and <em>PbGS2.2</em>) were down-regulated. Correlation analysis showed that ABA and <em>PbGAI1a</em> were negatively correlated with plant length. Furthermore, the 28 indexes were reduced to six principal components by PCA. Based on the membership function, a comprehensive evaluation formula was generated; 20 dwarf seedlings could be divided into four categories according to the comprehensive scores, and D7 and D3 were extremely short seedlings. The results of our study will facilitate comprehensive evaluations of dwarf plants and have implications for ‘Duli’ breeding programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 114128"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114129
Hongxue Ma , Congcong Kong , Siping Deng , Tong Zhao , Jialei Ji , Yong Wang , Yangyong Zhang , Mu Zhuang , Limei Yang , Marina Lebedeva , Vasiliy Taranov , Anna M. Artemyeva , Zhangjian Hu , Jingquan Yu , Zhiyuan Fang , Honghao Lv
Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), a member of the genus Brassica, is a significant economic crop worldwide. Black rot (BR) caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) severely threatens cabbage yield. Therefore, there is an urgent need to breed resistant varieties. To screen resistant germplasms, 171 cabbage inbred lines were inoculated, of which only three were highly resistant materials, namely, ‘M202’, ‘MY’, and ‘YC280’. The biomass of Xcc in highly resistant ‘MY’ and highly susceptible ‘LY’ cabbage lines at different periods after inoculation revealed that 24–72 h after inoculation was the critical period for bacterial proliferation. Inheritance analysis of ‘MY’, ‘LY’ and their constructed populations (P1, P2, F1, B1, B2, and F2) fit the MX2–ADI–ADI model, suggesting that the genetic control of BR resistance in MY was controlled by two pairs of additive-dominant-superior major genes plus additive-dominant-superior polygenes. The major gene heritabilities of B1, B2, and F2 were 33.52 %, 46.66 %, and 52.78 %, respectively. These results increased the number of resources about the BR resistance of cabbage germplasms, elucidated the critical proliferation period and resistance inheritance of this pathogen, and provided a theoretical basis for the breeding of BR-resistant plants, which could expedite the cabbage breeding process.
{"title":"Resistance screening of cabbage to black rot and inheritance pattern analysis","authors":"Hongxue Ma , Congcong Kong , Siping Deng , Tong Zhao , Jialei Ji , Yong Wang , Yangyong Zhang , Mu Zhuang , Limei Yang , Marina Lebedeva , Vasiliy Taranov , Anna M. Artemyeva , Zhangjian Hu , Jingquan Yu , Zhiyuan Fang , Honghao Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cabbage (<em>Brassica oleracea</em> var. <em>capitata</em>), a member of the genus <em>Brassica</em>, is a significant economic crop worldwide. Black rot (BR) caused by <em>Xanthomonas campestris</em> pv. <em>campestris</em> (<em>Xcc</em>) severely threatens cabbage yield. Therefore, there is an urgent need to breed resistant varieties. To screen resistant germplasms, 171 cabbage inbred lines were inoculated, of which only three were highly resistant materials, namely, ‘M202’, ‘MY’, and ‘YC280’. The biomass of <em>Xcc</em> in highly resistant ‘MY’ and highly susceptible ‘LY’ cabbage lines at different periods after inoculation revealed that 24–72 h after inoculation was the critical period for bacterial proliferation. Inheritance analysis of ‘MY’, ‘LY’ and their constructed populations (P<sub>1</sub>, P<sub>2</sub>, F<sub>1</sub>, B<sub>1</sub>, B<sub>2</sub>, and F<sub>2</sub>) fit the MX2–ADI–ADI model, suggesting that the genetic control of BR resistance in MY was controlled by two pairs of additive-dominant-superior major genes plus additive-dominant-superior polygenes. The major gene heritabilities of B<sub>1</sub>, B<sub>2</sub>, and F<sub>2</sub> were 33.52 %, 46.66 %, and 52.78 %, respectively. These results increased the number of resources about the BR resistance of cabbage germplasms, elucidated the critical proliferation period and resistance inheritance of this pathogen, and provided a theoretical basis for the breeding of BR-resistant plants, which could expedite the cabbage breeding process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 114129"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study elucidates the growth-enhancing mechanisms underlying Trichoderma asperellum 152-42 mediated growth enhancement in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) through integrated physiological and transcriptomic analyses. T. asperellum 152-42 inoculation induced significant biomass augmentation, with treated plants exhibiting 26.36 % increased shoot height, 64.96 % roots elongation, 42.02 % shoot fresh weight and 40.65 % shoot dry weight gain versus controls. Notably, root systems displayed sensitivity to fungal symbiosis, correlating with 14.53 % auxin (IAA) elevation and 39.30 % abscisic acid (ABA) reduction. Molecular dissection revealed multilevel regulatory networks: (1) auxin biosynthesis via 2.45-fold transcription factor bHLH128 upregulation and shikimate pathway activation; (2) metabolic restructuring is through expression of gene LOC124653768 encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) was upregulated by 2.45-fold, and the PEPC enzyme activity increased by 135.60 % enhancing carbon flux. And metabolic restructuring toward increased glycolytic flux through PDC-mediated pyruvate conversion and enhanced anaplerotic carbon fixation via PEPC activity; (3) nitrogen assimilation with 4.1-fold and 2.3-fold upregulation of gene LOC127318565 and gene LOC127305933, respectively, correlating with 23.78 % nitrate reductase (NR) and 8.81 % nitrite reductase (NiR) enzymatic activity increases. The T. asperellum 152-42's growth-promotive effects stem from synergistic hormonal modulation and substrate channeling, where PEPC-derived carbon skeletons fuel NR-mediated nitrogen assimilation. This synergistic integration of hormonal regulation and metabolic network optimization demonstrates microbe-plant partnership.
Our findings advance microbe-plant interaction by delineating the multilevel network through which T. asperellum 152-42 enhances perennial ryegrass productivity. The results offer novel perspectives on microbial-mediated modulation of plant metabolic coordination, with potential applications in sustainable forage cultivation and biofertilizer development.
{"title":"Trichoderma asperellum 152-42 enhances growth of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) by modulation of plant hormones and carbon-nitrogen metabolism","authors":"Xin Wen , Hongyin Qi , Qichen Niu , Ruoyi Tang , Shuxia Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study elucidates the growth-enhancing mechanisms underlying <em>Trichoderma asperellum</em> 152-42 mediated growth enhancement in perennial ryegrass (<em>Lolium perenne</em> L.) through integrated physiological and transcriptomic analyses. <em>T. asperellum</em> 152-42 inoculation induced significant biomass augmentation, with treated plants exhibiting 26.36 % increased shoot height, 64.96 % roots elongation, 42.02 % shoot fresh weight and 40.65 % shoot dry weight gain versus controls. Notably, root systems displayed sensitivity to fungal symbiosis, correlating with 14.53 % auxin (IAA) elevation and 39.30 % abscisic acid (ABA) reduction. Molecular dissection revealed multilevel regulatory networks: (1) auxin biosynthesis via 2.45-fold transcription factor <em>bHLH128</em> upregulation and shikimate pathway activation; (2) metabolic restructuring is through expression of gene <em>LOC124653768</em> encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) was upregulated by 2.45-fold, and the PEPC enzyme activity increased by 135.60 % enhancing carbon flux. And metabolic restructuring toward increased glycolytic flux through PDC-mediated pyruvate conversion and enhanced anaplerotic carbon fixation via PEPC activity; (3) nitrogen assimilation with 4.1-fold and 2.3-fold upregulation of gene <em>LOC127318565</em> and gene <em>LOC127305933,</em> respectively, correlating with 23.78 % nitrate reductase (NR) and 8.81 % nitrite reductase (NiR) enzymatic activity increases. The <em>T. asperellu</em>m 152-42's growth-promotive effects stem from synergistic hormonal modulation and substrate channeling, where PEPC-derived carbon skeletons fuel NR-mediated nitrogen assimilation. This synergistic integration of hormonal regulation and metabolic network optimization demonstrates microbe-plant partnership.</div><div>Our findings advance microbe-plant interaction by delineating the multilevel network through which <em>T. asperellum</em> 152-42 enhances perennial ryegrass productivity. The results offer novel perspectives on microbial-mediated modulation of plant metabolic coordination, with potential applications in sustainable forage cultivation and biofertilizer development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 114138"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114120
Hongyuan Zhang , Anan Li , Xueyu Sun , Shenbao Fu , Yulian Liu , Bo Liang , Haoyun Yang , Caihua Jia , Fang Wang , Peng Chen , Chunyu Zhang , Chuchuan Fan , Chao Liu
The absorption of carotenoids, plant pigments with significant health benefits, is promoted when ingested with lipids. However, rapeseed carotenoid contents are relatively low. Our previous study identified that the inactivation of BnaC3.CCD4, a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase which degrades carotenoids, in rapeseed petals, increased carotenoid accumulation. The present study created loss-of-function single, double, and triple mutants of three other CCD4 copies using a CRISPR/Cas9 system. The results showed that some double and triple mutants exhibited a more than 20-fold increase in seed β-carotene contents without harming quality or yield. In addition, the carotenoid content of BnaC1.ccd4 was close to those of some triple and double mutants. During seed maturation and leaf senescence, BnaCCD4 mutations delayed carotenoid degradation. The reduced power activities and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of mutant seed oils indicated increased antioxidation. Enzyme activity analysis of BnaCCD4s in Arabidopsis ccd4 mutant seeds confirmed diverging oxidative cleavage activities on carotenoids.
{"title":"Transgene-free gene editing of BnaCCD4 homologs significantly improves the carotenoid level of seeds in Brassica napus","authors":"Hongyuan Zhang , Anan Li , Xueyu Sun , Shenbao Fu , Yulian Liu , Bo Liang , Haoyun Yang , Caihua Jia , Fang Wang , Peng Chen , Chunyu Zhang , Chuchuan Fan , Chao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The absorption of carotenoids, plant pigments with significant health benefits, is promoted when ingested with lipids. However, rapeseed carotenoid contents are relatively low. Our previous study identified that the inactivation of BnaC3.CCD4, a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase which degrades carotenoids, in rapeseed petals, increased carotenoid accumulation. The present study created loss-of-function single, double, and triple mutants of three other <em>CCD4</em> copies using a CRISPR/Cas9 system. The results showed that some double and triple mutants exhibited a more than 20-fold increase in seed β-carotene contents without harming quality or yield. In addition, the carotenoid content of <em>BnaC1.ccd4</em> was close to those of some triple and double mutants. During seed maturation and leaf senescence, <em>BnaCCD4</em> mutations delayed carotenoid degradation. The reduced power activities and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of mutant seed oils indicated increased antioxidation. Enzyme activity analysis of BnaCCD4s in <em>Arabidopsis ccd4</em> mutant seeds confirmed diverging oxidative cleavage activities on carotenoids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 114120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114145
Ziwen Zhou , Xiaoman Chu , Yaohua Cheng , Bicheng Hu , Qiang Li , Weiru Peng , Qi Yang , Xianchen Zhang , Yeyun Li
Flavonoids derived from the phenylpropane pathway are polyphenolic secondary metabolites in plants, which are involved in various processes of plant growth and abiotic stress. Based on metabolome and transcriptome analysis, we speculated that UV-B irradiation may be a convenient method to improve the cold resistance of tea plants. In our study, tea plants pre-irradiated with 2 μmol·m-2·s-1 UV-B exhibited a cold tolerant phenotype at -4 °C. HY5 plays a pivotal role in mediating the crosstalk between light and temperature signaling pathways in plants. To further explore the internal mechanisms, the role of CsHY5, acted as UV-B photoreceptors, in cold tolerance was investigated. CsHY5-silenced in tea leaves dramatically impaired UV-B pre-irradiation-enhanced effects on cold tolerance of tea plants, also the contents of flavonoid and the downstream gene expression level of CsMYB12, CsFLS, CsDFR, CsUGT78A14 and CsANR in CsHY5-silenced tea leaves were significantly decreased. On the contrary, CsHY5 overexpression lines of in Arabidopsis thaliana pre-irradiated with UV-B significantly elevated cold tolerance, and the higher flavonoid content and AtFLS, AtDFR and AtANR expression level was detected compared with WT under cold stress. Therefore, our study indicated UV-B preirradiation of tea plants enhances cold tolerance by inducing CsHY5 expression and triggering an increase in flavonoid accumulation.
{"title":"UV-B pre-irradiation-promoted flavonoid accumulation enhances cold tolerance in tea plants by mediating CsHY5 pathways","authors":"Ziwen Zhou , Xiaoman Chu , Yaohua Cheng , Bicheng Hu , Qiang Li , Weiru Peng , Qi Yang , Xianchen Zhang , Yeyun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flavonoids derived from the phenylpropane pathway are polyphenolic secondary metabolites in plants, which are involved in various processes of plant growth and abiotic stress. Based on metabolome and transcriptome analysis, we speculated that UV-B irradiation may be a convenient method to improve the cold resistance of tea plants. In our study, tea plants pre-irradiated with 2 μmol·m<sup>-2·</sup>s<sup>-1</sup> UV-B exhibited a cold tolerant phenotype at -4 °C. HY5 plays a pivotal role in mediating the crosstalk between light and temperature signaling pathways in plants. To further explore the internal mechanisms, the role of <em>CsHY5</em>, acted as UV-B photoreceptors, in cold tolerance was investigated. <em>CsHY5-</em>silenced in tea leaves dramatically impaired UV-B pre-irradiation-enhanced effects on cold tolerance of tea plants, also the contents of flavonoid and the downstream gene expression level of <em>CsMYB12, CsFLS, CsDFR, CsUGT78A14</em> and <em>CsANR</em> in <em>CsHY5</em>-silenced tea leaves were significantly decreased. On the contrary, <em>CsHY5</em> overexpression lines of in Arabidopsis thaliana pre-irradiated with UV-B significantly elevated cold tolerance, and the higher flavonoid content and <em>AtFLS, AtDFR</em> and <em>AtANR</em> expression level was detected compared with WT under cold stress. Therefore, our study indicated UV-B preirradiation of tea plants enhances cold tolerance by inducing <em>CsHY5</em> expression and triggering an increase in flavonoid accumulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 114145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114148
Xiao Xu , Xiaotian Chen , Quancai Man , Wei Li , Lei Wang , Xiaojing Liu , Jinfeng Chen , Jianghui Cui
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a major food crop with notable antioxidant potential. Among its various types, coloured-flesh potatoes have attracted widespread attention because of their strong antioxidant capacity and potential pharmacological effects, including blood pressure reduction and lipid-lowering properties. However, the differences in bioactivity and potential antioxidant mechanisms of different coloured potato flesh remain unclear. We employed a multi-omics approach, network pharmacology, and molecular docking, to investigate the genetic basis, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant mechanisms of four types of potato flesh. Metabolomic analysis revealed that anthocyanins were absent in bright-fleshed (white- and yellow-fleshed) potatoes, whereas lutein, pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside, and delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside accumulated in association with yellow, red, and purple pigmentation, respectively. Random forest modelling revealed that flavonoids are the major contributors to antioxidant activity in coloured-flesh (red- and purple-fleshed) potatoes, followed by phenolic acids. Transcriptomic profiling indicated that the high expression of F3H, F3 ' 5′H, and DFR promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis in coloured-flesh potatoes, while BCH1 and BCH2 enhanced carotenoid accumulation in yellow-fleshed potatoes. Further analysis of gene co-expression networks and promoter cis-elements revealed that TFs AN1, TT8, ASIL2, and WRKY6 played regulatory roles in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins and carotenoids. Network pharmacology and molecular docking identified pinobanksin and rhamnocitrin as key antioxidant compounds that potentially target proteins, including AKT1, PTGS2, ESR1, PPARG, and SRC. These findings provide comprehensive insights into the molecular and metabolic regulation of pigmentation and antioxidant activity in potatoes and provide promising targets for improving the nutritional quality and functional traits of potato germplasm.
{"title":"Multi-omics, network pharmacology, and molecular docking provide insights into the genetic basis, bioactive, and potential antioxidant mechanisms in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) flesh","authors":"Xiao Xu , Xiaotian Chen , Quancai Man , Wei Li , Lei Wang , Xiaojing Liu , Jinfeng Chen , Jianghui Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Potato (<em>Solanum tuberosum</em> L.) is a major food crop with notable antioxidant potential. Among its various types, coloured-flesh potatoes have attracted widespread attention because of their strong antioxidant capacity and potential pharmacological effects, including blood pressure reduction and lipid-lowering properties. However, the differences in bioactivity and potential antioxidant mechanisms of different coloured potato flesh remain unclear. We employed a multi-omics approach, network pharmacology, and molecular docking, to investigate the genetic basis, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant mechanisms of four types of potato flesh. Metabolomic analysis revealed that anthocyanins were absent in bright-fleshed (white- and yellow-fleshed) potatoes, whereas lutein, pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside, and delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside accumulated in association with yellow, red, and purple pigmentation, respectively. Random forest modelling revealed that flavonoids are the major contributors to antioxidant activity in coloured-flesh (red- and purple-fleshed) potatoes, followed by phenolic acids. Transcriptomic profiling indicated that the high expression of <em>F3H, F3 ' 5′</em>H, and <em>DFR</em> promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis in coloured-flesh potatoes, while <em>BCH1</em> and <em>BCH2</em> enhanced carotenoid accumulation in yellow-fleshed potatoes. Further analysis of gene co-expression networks and promoter cis-elements revealed that TFs <em>AN1, TT8, ASIL2</em>, and <em>WRKY6</em> played regulatory roles in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins and carotenoids. Network pharmacology and molecular docking identified pinobanksin and rhamnocitrin as key antioxidant compounds that potentially target proteins, including AKT1, PTGS2, ESR1, PPARG, and SRC. These findings provide comprehensive insights into the molecular and metabolic regulation of pigmentation and antioxidant activity in potatoes and provide promising targets for improving the nutritional quality and functional traits of potato germplasm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 114148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114124
Vito Aurelio Cerasola , Stefano Bona , Daniele Borsato , Luca Gavioli , Gaia Moretti , Luigi Manfrini , Giuseppina Pennisi , Francesco Orsini , Enrico Buscaroli , Paolo Sambo , Giorgio Gianquinto
Dynamic management of nitrogen (N) guided by multispectral sensors can help match in-season crop N requirements with precise N supply through fertigation. In the present work, different dynamic strategies to optimize N fertigation in processing tomatoes were explored in two plot experiments across two different years and locations, compared with a well-fertilized control (180 kg N ha-1, N180). In dynamic N strategies, the green vegetation index (GVI) was monitored with a hand-held multispectral radiometer. Whenever the GVI fell below a critical threshold, N fertilizer was supplied via fertigation. Critical thresholds were developed using different approaches: in the spy plot strategy (N SPY), the N fertilizer was supplied whenever the GVI of the plot was below 90% of the GVI in the spy plot N180. Conversely, absolute threshold GVI values were developed in previous modeling stages based on linear-plateau relationships between the GVI and the relative yield (N THR strategies) or based on the monitoring of the GVI profile of tomatoes under non-limiting N conditions in a previous growing season (N SPYEVO). In general, the dynamic N strategies saved a significant amount of N fertilizers (with reductions ranging from 38 to 60%), with best performances observed for the N THR and N SPYEVO. Dynamic N strategies did not penalize the marketable yield, thus, the N use efficiency, the fertilizer costs, and the greenhouse gas emission intensity associated with the fertilization were significantly optimized. Furthermore, dynamic N strategies produced fewer but bigger fruits. The present work shows innovative N management strategies to optimize N inputs in processing tomato cultivation, confirming the potential of multispectral sensors in precision agriculture.
{"title":"Exploring dynamic nitrogen (N) fertigation guided by multispectral sensors: a sustainable optimization of N fertilization in processing tomato","authors":"Vito Aurelio Cerasola , Stefano Bona , Daniele Borsato , Luca Gavioli , Gaia Moretti , Luigi Manfrini , Giuseppina Pennisi , Francesco Orsini , Enrico Buscaroli , Paolo Sambo , Giorgio Gianquinto","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dynamic management of nitrogen (N) guided by multispectral sensors can help match in-season crop N requirements with precise N supply through fertigation. In the present work, different dynamic strategies to optimize N fertigation in processing tomatoes were explored in two plot experiments across two different years and locations, compared with a well-fertilized control (180 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup>, N180). In dynamic N strategies, the green vegetation index (GVI) was monitored with a hand-held multispectral radiometer. Whenever the GVI fell below a critical threshold, N fertilizer was supplied via fertigation. Critical thresholds were developed using different approaches: in the spy plot strategy (N SPY), the N fertilizer was supplied whenever the GVI of the plot was below 90% of the GVI in the spy plot N180. Conversely, absolute threshold GVI values were developed in previous modeling stages based on linear-plateau relationships between the GVI and the relative yield (N THR strategies) or based on the monitoring of the GVI profile of tomatoes under non-limiting N conditions in a previous growing season (N SPY<sub>EVO</sub>). In general, the dynamic N strategies saved a significant amount of N fertilizers (with reductions ranging from 38 to 60%), with best performances observed for the N THR and N SPY<sub>EVO</sub>. Dynamic N strategies did not penalize the marketable yield, thus, the N use efficiency, the fertilizer costs, and the greenhouse gas emission intensity associated with the fertilization were significantly optimized. Furthermore, dynamic N strategies produced fewer but bigger fruits. The present work shows innovative N management strategies to optimize N inputs in processing tomato cultivation, confirming the potential of multispectral sensors in precision agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 114124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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