Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113992
Basavaraj R. Amogi, Rakesh Ranjan, Nisit Pukrongta, Lav R. Khot, Bernardita V. Sallato, Miguel Rene Mogollón, Carolina A. Torres
This study was conducted in a commercial ‘Honeycrisp’ apple orchard in 2021 and 2022 season to understand the effectiveness of cyclic evaporative cooling (conventional), continuous fogging, netting and combination of fogging and netting (fognet) in mitigating heat stress on fruits and associated effects on post-harvest fruit quality. Heat stress on fruits was quantified continually during each season using air (Tair) and fruit surface temperature (FST) data collected by a localized crop physiology sensing system. Results indicated that heat stress on fruits in terms of pre- and post-harvest fruit quality was governed by the time for which fruits were subjected to Tair > 32 °C and resultant total heat accumulation. Additionally, effectiveness of heat stress mitigation was influenced by fruits exposure time to direct solar radiation, in season fruit size and crop load. Except netting, all other treatments were effective in removing accumulated heat and maintaining FST below 45 °C fruit sunburn threshold. Although effective, conventional treatment failed to maintain FST below threshold during extreme heat hours (Tair > 32 °C) suggesting adjustments needed in its cyclic operations. FST and Tair data were then contrasted against fruit size, crop load, and percent sunburn at harvest. Similarly, data was contrasted for postharvest performance evaluation, disorders (bitter pit, soft scald) and maturity, until six months of storage. With higher Tair, FST, and smaller fruits, netting delayed fruit maturity in both seasons. Significant difference was observed in bitter pit and soft scald incidence between netting and other treatments only in 2022 season. Insignificant differences in maturity and disorders between fogging, fognet, and conventional implied that fognet has no specific advantage over fogging and conventional cooling technique.
{"title":"Localized sensing data-driven efficacy evaluation of heat stress mitigation techniques in ‘Honeycrisp’ apple cultivar","authors":"Basavaraj R. Amogi, Rakesh Ranjan, Nisit Pukrongta, Lav R. Khot, Bernardita V. Sallato, Miguel Rene Mogollón, Carolina A. Torres","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113992","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted in a commercial ‘Honeycrisp’ apple orchard in 2021 and 2022 season to understand the effectiveness of cyclic evaporative cooling (conventional), continuous fogging, netting and combination of fogging and netting (fognet) in mitigating heat stress on fruits and associated effects on post-harvest fruit quality. Heat stress on fruits was quantified continually during each season using air (T<ce:inf loc=\"post\">air</ce:inf>) and fruit surface temperature (FST) data collected by a localized crop physiology sensing system. Results indicated that heat stress on fruits in terms of pre- and post-harvest fruit quality was governed by the time for which fruits were subjected to T<ce:inf loc=\"post\">air</ce:inf> > 32 °C and resultant total heat accumulation. Additionally, effectiveness of heat stress mitigation was influenced by fruits exposure time to direct solar radiation, in season fruit size and crop load. Except netting, all other treatments were effective in removing accumulated heat and maintaining FST below 45 °C fruit sunburn threshold. Although effective, conventional treatment failed to maintain FST below threshold during extreme heat hours (T<ce:inf loc=\"post\">air</ce:inf> > 32 °C) suggesting adjustments needed in its cyclic operations. FST and T<ce:inf loc=\"post\">air</ce:inf> data were then contrasted against fruit size, crop load, and percent sunburn at harvest. Similarly, data was contrasted for postharvest performance evaluation, disorders (bitter pit, soft scald) and maturity, until six months of storage. With higher T<ce:inf loc=\"post\">air</ce:inf>, FST, and smaller fruits, netting delayed fruit maturity in both seasons. Significant difference was observed in bitter pit and soft scald incidence between netting and other treatments only in 2022 season. Insignificant differences in maturity and disorders between fogging, fognet, and conventional implied that fognet has no specific advantage over fogging and conventional cooling technique.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"77 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The WRKY genes, belonging to one of the largest families of transcription factors (TFs) in plants, play critical roles in regulating diverse biological processes. In this study, we identified a novel gene from the WRKY IIc subfamily, designated as CsWRKY51, in the tea plant, and confirmed its nuclear localization. Phenotypic analyses of CsWRKY51-overexpressing (OE) plants revealed multiple abnormal traits, including dwarfism, curled leaves, and increased branching and flowering. Additionally, the accumulation levels of amino acids, such as glutamine, asparagine, arginine, and methionine, were significantly elevated in CsWRKY51-OE plants, while chlorophyll content was greatly reduced. Transcriptional profiling indicated that several regulatory pathways, including phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, photosynthesis, chlorophyll metabolism, carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism were significantly activated in the CsWRKY51-OE plants. Furthermore, the silencing of CsWRKY51 in both green and etiolated tea shoots resulted in a significant reduction in glutamine accumulation, accompanied by a substantial decrease in the expression levels of genes encoding glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). Taken together, these comprehensive analyses demonstrated that CsWRKY51 significantly influenced plant aerial architecture, chlorophyll accumulation, and the GS/GOGAT cycle, all of which were implicated in the regulation of glutamine accumulation. This study provides new insights into the functional characterization of CsWRKY genes and the molecular mechanisms underlying plant architecture and glutamine metabolism.
{"title":"CsWRKY51, a novel WRKY transcription factor of Camellia sinensis, participates in plant architecture and glutamine accumulation","authors":"Linmu Chen, Hongwei Dai, Yiwei Weng, Kai Zhang, Shuting Zheng, Yuanbo Huo, Lianyu Yuan, Huarong Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113983","url":null,"abstract":"The <ce:italic>WRKY</ce:italic> genes, belonging to one of the largest families of transcription factors (TFs) in plants, play critical roles in regulating diverse biological processes. In this study, we identified a novel gene from the WRKY IIc subfamily, designated as <ce:italic>CsWRKY51</ce:italic>, in the tea plant, and confirmed its nuclear localization. Phenotypic analyses of <ce:italic>CsWRKY51</ce:italic>-overexpressing (OE) plants revealed multiple abnormal traits, including dwarfism, curled leaves, and increased branching and flowering. Additionally, the accumulation levels of amino acids, such as glutamine, asparagine, arginine, and methionine, were significantly elevated in <ce:italic>CsWRKY51</ce:italic>-OE plants, while chlorophyll content was greatly reduced. Transcriptional profiling indicated that several regulatory pathways, including phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, photosynthesis, chlorophyll metabolism, carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism were significantly activated in the <ce:italic>CsWRKY51</ce:italic>-OE plants. Furthermore, the silencing of <ce:italic>CsWRKY51</ce:italic> in both green and etiolated tea shoots resulted in a significant reduction in glutamine accumulation, accompanied by a substantial decrease in the expression levels of genes encoding glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). Taken together, these comprehensive analyses demonstrated that <ce:italic>CsWRKY51</ce:italic> significantly influenced plant aerial architecture, chlorophyll accumulation, and the GS/GOGAT cycle, all of which were implicated in the regulation of glutamine accumulation. This study provides new insights into the functional characterization of <ce:italic>CsWRKY</ce:italic> genes and the molecular mechanisms underlying plant architecture and glutamine metabolism.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leaf rust caused by Coleosporium zanthoxyli is a destructive disease that threatens Zanthoxylum bungeanum plantations. To address this, screening for resistant cultivars and exploring their resistance mechanisms are crucial for effective disease management. However, the mechanisms underlying Z. bungeanum's resistance remain unclear. In this study, we conducted in vivo and in vitro experiments to screen for the resistant cultivar Qiujiao (QJ) and the susceptible cultivar Fengxian Dahongpao (FD). Subsequently, the resistance mechanisms of Z. bungeanum were analyzed by integrating transcriptome and metabolome, the result showed the flavonoid pathway served as the primary metabolic pathway for QJ to confer resistance against C. zanthoxyli. Upon infection with C. zanthoxyli, the key genes (PAL, CHI, and HCT) and enzymes (PAL, C4H, and 4CL) involved in the flavonoid pathway were upregulated in QJ, and the total flavonoid content was increased in QJ. Additionally, eight flavonoids from this pathway demonstrated inhibitory effects on C. zanthoxyli spore germination, with naringenin and phloretin exhibiting the stronger activity. Collectively, the flavonoid pathway plays a dominant role in the resistance of Z. bungeanum leaves against C. zanthoxyli.
{"title":"Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics revealed the role of the flavonoid pathway in the resistance of Zanthoxylum bungeanum against leaf rust","authors":"Xia Yang, Yun Wang, Yan Sun, Jiali Guo, Zhaojun Geng, Bingyao Wei, Peiqin Li, Guanghui Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113990","url":null,"abstract":"Leaf rust caused by <ce:italic>Coleosporium zanthoxyli</ce:italic> is a destructive disease that threatens <ce:italic>Zanthoxylum bungeanum</ce:italic> plantations. To address this, screening for resistant cultivars and exploring their resistance mechanisms are crucial for effective disease management. However, the mechanisms underlying <ce:italic>Z. bungeanum</ce:italic>'s resistance remain unclear. In this study, we conducted <ce:italic>in vivo</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>in vitro</ce:italic> experiments to screen for the resistant cultivar Qiujiao (QJ) and the susceptible cultivar Fengxian Dahongpao (FD). Subsequently, the resistance mechanisms of <ce:italic>Z. bungeanum</ce:italic> were analyzed by integrating transcriptome and metabolome, the result showed the flavonoid pathway served as the primary metabolic pathway for QJ to confer resistance against <ce:italic>C. zanthoxyli</ce:italic>. Upon infection with <ce:italic>C. zanthoxyli</ce:italic>, the key genes (<ce:italic>PAL, CHI</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>HCT</ce:italic>) and enzymes (PAL, C4H, and 4CL) involved in the flavonoid pathway were upregulated in QJ, and the total flavonoid content was increased in QJ. Additionally, eight flavonoids from this pathway demonstrated inhibitory effects on <ce:italic>C. zanthoxyli</ce:italic> spore germination, with naringenin and phloretin exhibiting the stronger activity. Collectively, the flavonoid pathway plays a dominant role in the resistance of <ce:italic>Z. bungeanum</ce:italic> leaves against <ce:italic>C. zanthoxyli</ce:italic>.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maple trees are known for their graceful appearance and high ornamental value, thanks to their attractive leaf shapes and vibrant autumn foliage. However, the Acer phylogenetic relationships remain unclear, particularly the circumscription of the sections and the relationships between species within those sections. Section Lithocarpa is a typical group with an inconsistent circumscription, containing Lithocarpa and Macrophylla series and about nine species. Here, we used whole chloroplast genomes and nuclear SNP datasets to determine the circumscription of Acer section Lithocarpa infer the phylogenetic relationships, and explore the reticulate evolution in this section. The whole chloroplast genome data suggest that section Lithocarpa is not a monophyletic group, and includes three independent clades, such as series Lithocarpa, series Macrophylla, and the Leipo group including A. yangbiense and A. leipoense. These results support that series Macrophylla should be treated as a distinct section and the taxonomic status of A. yangbiense and A. leipoense in the Leipo group needs to be re-evaluated. We found significant incongruence among the nuclear and chloroplast phylogenies in the series Lithocarpa. The introgression signal detected by the d-statistic in the series Lithocarpa species indicated that introgression was the main cause of cytonuclear discordances. Incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) also contributed to phylogenetic discordance among A. sinopurpurascens, A. tsinglingense, and A. diabolicum. Our results highlight that introgression and ILS are key factors, resulting in the reticulate evolution in Acer.
{"title":"Phylogenomics and evolution of the Acer section Lithocarpa","authors":"Kangjia Liu, Chang Guo, Yuxin Ren, Yuran Bai, Zhixiang Zhang, Wenpan Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113988","url":null,"abstract":"Maple trees are known for their graceful appearance and high ornamental value, thanks to their attractive leaf shapes and vibrant autumn foliage. However, the <ce:italic>Acer</ce:italic> phylogenetic relationships remain unclear, particularly the circumscription of the sections and the relationships between species within those sections. Section <ce:italic>Lithocarpa</ce:italic> is a typical group with an inconsistent circumscription, containing <ce:italic>Lithocarpa</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>Macrophylla</ce:italic> series and about nine species. Here, we used whole chloroplast genomes and nuclear SNP datasets to determine the circumscription of <ce:italic>Acer</ce:italic> section <ce:italic>Lithocarpa</ce:italic> infer the phylogenetic relationships, and explore the reticulate evolution in this section. The whole chloroplast genome data suggest that section <ce:italic>Lithocarpa</ce:italic> is not a monophyletic group, and includes three independent clades, such as series <ce:italic>Lithocarpa</ce:italic>, series <ce:italic>Macrophylla,</ce:italic> and the Leipo group including <ce:italic>A. yangbiense</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>A. leipoense</ce:italic>. These results support that series <ce:italic>Macrophylla</ce:italic> should be treated as a distinct section and the taxonomic status of <ce:italic>A. yangbiense</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>A. leipoense</ce:italic> in the Leipo group needs to be re-evaluated. We found significant incongruence among the nuclear and chloroplast phylogenies in the series <ce:italic>Lithocarpa</ce:italic>. The introgression signal detected by the <ce:small-caps>d</ce:small-caps>-statistic in the series <ce:italic>Lithocarpa</ce:italic> species indicated that introgression was the main cause of cytonuclear discordances. Incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) also contributed to phylogenetic discordance among <ce:italic>A. sinopurpurascens, A. tsinglingense</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>A. diabolicum</ce:italic>. Our results highlight that introgression and ILS are key factors, resulting in the reticulate evolution in <ce:italic>Acer</ce:italic>.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are essential secondary metabolites in grapevine, which not only determine the fruit quality but also participate in plant resistance metabolism and plays a vital role in regulating plant stress tolerance. The previous research in our laboratory showed that the contents of proanthocyanidins tended to increase and decrease by SA treatment in grape leaves. However, the mechanism of negative regulation of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis has rarely been reported. In this study, we proposed to use ' Zaoheibao' grape cultivar as the test material to investigate the role of transcription factor VvbHLH92 in the PAs pathway through the bioinformatics analysis of the VvbHLH family, incubation with SA, overexpression and RNA interference of the gene, the yeast one-hybrid assay, and dual-luciferase. Bioinformatics and promoter analysis of the VvbHLH family revealed that VvbHLH92 may be involved in both flavonoid metabolism and regulation in response to SA. The accumulation of proanthocyanidins and the expression of VvLAR1, VvLAR2, VvANR, and VvANS were improved in grapevine leaves within three hours by 0.5 mmol·L−1 SA solution. Nevertheless, the content of proanthocyanidin and its related genes were decreased at the three hours later, and the expression of VvbHLH92 was promoted. VvbHLH92 overexpression in grape leaves showed a significant reduction in the content of PA and the expression of VvANR and VvANS. At the same time, the content of (-)-epicatechin was reduced in the VvbHLH92 overexpressed leaves, on the contrary, the content of (+)-catechin was significantly increased. VvbHLH92-RNAi resulted in significantly increased content of PAs, significantly higher expression of VvANR and VvANS, and improved the content of (-)-epicatechin and decreased the content of (+)-catechin in grape leaves. The yeast one- hybrid assay and dual-luciferase assay showed that VvbHLH92 could directly inhibit the promoter activities of VvLAR1, VvLAR2, VvANR, and inhibit the promoter activity of VvANS. In summary, VvbHLH92 mainly reduced (-)-epicatechin synthesis by down-regulating the expression of VvANR and VvANS, then decreased PAs accumulation during SA-induced reduction of PAs.
{"title":"Transcription factor VvbHLH92 negatively regulates salicylic acid mediated proanthocyanidins biosynthesis in grapevine","authors":"Changmei Liang, Wenjing Ge, Yuyu Feng, Meijie Wang, Shuwen Zan, Huanhuan Xie, Fengchan Yu, Pingyin Guan, Jinjun Liang, Pengfei Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113989","url":null,"abstract":"Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are essential secondary metabolites in grapevine, which not only determine the fruit quality but also participate in plant resistance metabolism and plays a vital role in regulating plant stress tolerance. The previous research in our laboratory showed that the contents of proanthocyanidins tended to increase and decrease by SA treatment in grape leaves. However, the mechanism of negative regulation of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis has rarely been reported. In this study, we proposed to use ' <ce:italic>Zaoheibao</ce:italic>' grape cultivar as the test material to investigate the role of transcription factor <ce:italic>VvbHLH92</ce:italic> in the PAs pathway through the bioinformatics analysis of the <ce:italic>VvbHLH</ce:italic> family, incubation with SA, overexpression and RNA interference of the gene, the yeast one-hybrid assay, and dual-luciferase. Bioinformatics and promoter analysis of the <ce:italic>VvbHLH</ce:italic> family revealed that <ce:italic>VvbHLH92</ce:italic> may be involved in both flavonoid metabolism and regulation in response to SA. The accumulation of proanthocyanidins and the expression of <ce:italic>VvLAR1, VvLAR2, VvANR</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>VvANS</ce:italic> were improved in grapevine leaves within three hours by 0.5 mmol·L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> SA solution. Nevertheless, the content of proanthocyanidin and its related genes were decreased at the three hours later, and the expression of <ce:italic>VvbHLH92</ce:italic> was promoted. <ce:italic>VvbHLH92</ce:italic> overexpression in grape leaves showed a significant reduction in the content of PA and the expression of <ce:italic>VvANR</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>VvANS</ce:italic>. At the same time, the content of (-)-epicatechin was reduced in the <ce:italic>VvbHLH92</ce:italic> overexpressed leaves, on the contrary, the content of (+)-catechin was significantly increased. <ce:italic>VvbHLH92</ce:italic>-RNAi resulted in significantly increased content of PAs, significantly higher expression of <ce:italic>VvANR</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>VvANS</ce:italic>, and improved the content of (-)-epicatechin and decreased the content of (+)-catechin in grape leaves. The yeast one- hybrid assay and dual-luciferase assay showed that <ce:italic>VvbHLH92</ce:italic> could directly inhibit the promoter activities of <ce:italic>VvLAR1, VvLAR2, VvANR</ce:italic>, and inhibit the promoter activity of <ce:italic>VvANS</ce:italic>. In summary, <ce:italic>VvbHLH92</ce:italic> mainly reduced (-)-epicatechin synthesis by down-regulating the expression of <ce:italic>VvANR</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>VvANS</ce:italic>, then decreased PAs accumulation during SA-induced reduction of PAs.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The interaction between native and invasive plant species is pivotal for elucidating invasion mechanisms and formulating effective control strategies. This study presents a comprehensive examination of the differences in photosynthetic and fluorescence parameters, gene expression profiles, and rhizosphere soil microbial composition between the native species Ficus tikoua Bur. and the invasive species Alternanthera philoxeroides. Notably, this research is the first to reveal that F. tikoua Bur. enhances its photoinhibition capacity while upregulating genes associated with carbon metabolism, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and plant-pathogen interactions, thereby sustaining its growth even in the presence of invasive competitors. Furthermore, F. tikoua Bur. actively recruits beneficial microorganisms, including Actinomarina (Bacteria), Nitrosotenuis (Archaea), and Laccaria (fungi), which play a crucial role in pathogen suppression. This microbial recruitment contributes to the preservation of soil Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and carbon cycling pathways, thereby bolstering the native species' resilience against invasion by A. philoxeroides. Collectively, these findings offer novel insights into the complex mechanisms underlying plant invasions and propose innovative strategies for managing invasive plant species. However, further research is warranted to elucidate the specific mechanisms that confer the potential resistance of F. tikoua Bur. to plant invasions, which could enhance our understanding of ecological dynamics and inform conservation efforts.
{"title":"Analyzing the interaction between native plants Ficus tikoua Bur. and invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides","authors":"Jiyue Wang, Nian Chen, Jiajun Xu, Xiaojian Tian, Tinghong Tan, Wenjia Yang, Denghong Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113985","url":null,"abstract":"The interaction between native and invasive plant species is pivotal for elucidating invasion mechanisms and formulating effective control strategies. This study presents a comprehensive examination of the differences in photosynthetic and fluorescence parameters, gene expression profiles, and rhizosphere soil microbial composition between the native species <ce:italic>Ficus tikoua</ce:italic> Bur. and the invasive species <ce:italic>Alternanthera philoxeroides</ce:italic>. Notably, this research is the first to reveal that <ce:italic>F. tikoua</ce:italic> Bur. enhances its photoinhibition capacity while upregulating genes associated with carbon metabolism, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and plant-pathogen interactions, thereby sustaining its growth even in the presence of invasive competitors. Furthermore, <ce:italic>F. tikoua</ce:italic> Bur. actively recruits beneficial microorganisms, including Actinomarina (Bacteria), Nitrosotenuis (Archaea), and Laccaria (fungi), which play a crucial role in pathogen suppression. This microbial recruitment contributes to the preservation of soil Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and carbon cycling pathways, thereby bolstering the native species' resilience against invasion by <ce:italic>A. philoxeroides</ce:italic>. Collectively, these findings offer novel insights into the complex mechanisms underlying plant invasions and propose innovative strategies for managing invasive plant species. However, further research is warranted to elucidate the specific mechanisms that confer the potential resistance of <ce:italic>F. tikoua</ce:italic> Bur. to plant invasions, which could enhance our understanding of ecological dynamics and inform conservation efforts.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"168 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113982
Mahesh Salimath, Nirmal Kaliannan, Varun Prabhakar, Ravi Iyyakutty, K.J. Jeyabaskaran
Bananas are globally ubiquitous fruit, demands substantial resource inputs, notably water and fertilizers, for its cultivation. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of IoT-enabled precision farming in optimizing water and nutrient utilization, augmenting banana cv.Grand Nain productivity, and mitigating cultivation costs. This pioneering endeavour for Indian banana cultivation investigated three distinct irrigation regimes, each contingent upon soil water potential thresholds of -50, -100, and -150 kPa, in conjunction with three fertigation treatments comprising 50 %, 75 %, and 100 % of the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF). Findings demonstrated that, combination of -50 kPa and 50 % of RDF (I3F3 strategy), characterized by the most stringent irrigation and fertilization thresholds, and exhibited superior growth attributes after 240 days. Although the control treatment initially displayed a growth advantage in terms of plant height, pseudostem girth, and leaf area index (LAI), the I3F3 strategy surpassed it after 330 days, culminating in greater plant height and the largest pseudostem girth at the 300-day mark. Furthermore, the I3F3 strategy yielded a substantial net profit of ₹ 2,77,892 ha-1, translating to a favorable benefit-to-cost ratio of 1.61, outperforming the control treatment. The cost per tonne of fruit was significantly reduced to ₹ 4,279 under the I3F3 strategy, while water productivity surged to 90 liters per kilogram of fruit, a considerable improvement over the control's 180 liters. Concurrently, the NPK fertilizer cost per plant diminished to ₹ 20.68, and fertilizer productivity increased to 0.625 per kilogram, signifying more efficient resource utilization. Notably, the I3F3 strategy achieved a remarkable 26.02 % water savings compared to the control, establishing it as a highly profitable and resource-conserving approach. In the contemporary agricultural landscape, grappling with soil degradation, water scarcity, and volatile market conditions, the I3F3 strategy emerges as a sustainable and economically viable solution for banana cultivation. By significantly curtailing water and NPK fertilizer usage, this approach mitigates farmers' economic risks and promotes environmental sustainability
{"title":"IoT and sensor technologies: Increased water and nutrient savings and profit in Banana cv. Grand Nain (AAA) production","authors":"Mahesh Salimath, Nirmal Kaliannan, Varun Prabhakar, Ravi Iyyakutty, K.J. Jeyabaskaran","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113982","url":null,"abstract":"Bananas are globally ubiquitous fruit, demands substantial resource inputs, notably water and fertilizers, for its cultivation. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of IoT-enabled precision farming in optimizing water and nutrient utilization, augmenting banana cv.Grand Nain productivity, and mitigating cultivation costs. This pioneering endeavour for Indian banana cultivation investigated three distinct irrigation regimes, each contingent upon soil water potential thresholds of -50, -100, and -150 kPa, in conjunction with three fertigation treatments comprising 50 %, 75 %, and 100 % of the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF). Findings demonstrated that, combination of -50 kPa and 50 % of RDF (I3F3 strategy), characterized by the most stringent irrigation and fertilization thresholds, and exhibited superior growth attributes after 240 days. Although the control treatment initially displayed a growth advantage in terms of plant height, pseudostem girth, and leaf area index (LAI), the I3F3 strategy surpassed it after 330 days, culminating in greater plant height and the largest pseudostem girth at the 300-day mark. Furthermore, the I3F3 strategy yielded a substantial net profit of ₹ 2,77,892 ha<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup>, translating to a favorable benefit-to-cost ratio of 1.61, outperforming the control treatment. The cost per tonne of fruit was significantly reduced to ₹ 4,279 under the I3F3 strategy, while water productivity surged to 90 liters per kilogram of fruit, a considerable improvement over the control's 180 liters. Concurrently, the NPK fertilizer cost per plant diminished to ₹ 20.68, and fertilizer productivity increased to 0.625 per kilogram, signifying more efficient resource utilization. Notably, the I3F3 strategy achieved a remarkable 26.02 % water savings compared to the control, establishing it as a highly profitable and resource-conserving approach. In the contemporary agricultural landscape, grappling with soil degradation, water scarcity, and volatile market conditions, the I3F3 strategy emerges as a sustainable and economically viable solution for banana cultivation. By significantly curtailing water and NPK fertilizer usage, this approach mitigates farmers' economic risks and promotes environmental sustainability","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydroponic cultivation of crops offers a vital strategy for mitigating yield losses resulting from environmental fluctuations; however, it can lead to necrosis at the leaf apex, known as tipburn. To explore the mechanisms contributing to tipburn incidence, we compared two varieties of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. Pekinensis), Haru-torai (HT) and Haru-warai (HW), which have varying sensitivity to tipburn. HT showed higher sensitivity to tipburn compared to HW. Before tipburn incidence, HT exhibited a higher level of O2•– and lower activity of SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE (SOD) compared to HW. A high accumulation of O2•– in HT was also observed especially in the tips of leaves during the tipburn incidence. Although H2O2 accumulation was higher in HW compared to HT prior to the tipburn incidence, a higher level of H2O2 was detected in the tips of leaves in HT compared to HW during the tipburn incidence. These results suggest that tipburn incidence is associated with the temporal and spatial coordination of ROS regulatory systems. This conclusion is further supported by the finding that the sequential application of pyridoxine and ascorbic acid prior to tipburn incidence effectively mitigates this physiological disorder, offering potential to enhance crop yield in controlled facilities.
{"title":"Tipburn incidence in hydroponically-cultured Chinese cabbage is associated with temporal and spatial coorrdination of ROS regulatory systems","authors":"Takatoshi Kimura, Kazuma Katano, Momoka Maeda, Kazuki Ito, Arisa Nagao, Aimi Takanashi, Nobuhiro Suzuki","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113986","url":null,"abstract":"Hydroponic cultivation of crops offers a vital strategy for mitigating yield losses resulting from environmental fluctuations; however, it can lead to necrosis at the leaf apex, known as tipburn. To explore the mechanisms contributing to tipburn incidence, we compared two varieties of Chinese cabbage (<ce:italic>Brassica rapa</ce:italic> L. ssp. <ce:italic>Pekinensis</ce:italic>), Haru-torai (HT) and Haru-warai (HW), which have varying sensitivity to tipburn. HT showed higher sensitivity to tipburn compared to HW. Before tipburn incidence, HT exhibited a higher level of O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">•–</ce:sup> and lower activity of SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE (SOD) compared to HW. A high accumulation of O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">•–</ce:sup> in HT was also observed especially in the tips of leaves during the tipburn incidence. Although H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> accumulation was higher in HW compared to HT prior to the tipburn incidence, a higher level of H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> was detected in the tips of leaves in HT compared to HW during the tipburn incidence. These results suggest that tipburn incidence is associated with the temporal and spatial coordination of ROS regulatory systems. This conclusion is further supported by the finding that the sequential application of pyridoxine and ascorbic acid prior to tipburn incidence effectively mitigates this physiological disorder, offering potential to enhance crop yield in controlled facilities.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113984
Xiaoya Yang, Asia Maqbool, Jiaqi Zang, Yahong Niu, Zhiguo Liu, Lixin Wang, Mengjun Liu
Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is an important fruit tree in China. However, due to the high heterozygosity of jujube, the gene transformation system is not maturely established. With the development of A. rhizogenes mediated transformation technology, it was successfully applied to genetic transformation in different woody plant species, which can be employed for gene transformation in jujube. Thus, in order to establish an efficient transformation system for jujube, we obtained hairy roots by infecting sour jujube seedlings with A. rhizogenes which contained 35S::GUS-ZjMAPKK4 vector under a non-sterile environment, and different treatments on the induction of 35S::GUS-ZjMAPKK4 hairy roots. The results showed that the hypocotyls of 2-week-old sour jujube seedlings infested with 0 mM AS concentration, which were cultivated at dark condition for 12 h, the transformation efficiency was the highest that the transformed gene hairy roots were successfully induced. Furthermore, to confirm the whether ZjMAPKK4 integrated into genome of the hairy roots, the GUS histochemical staining and qRT-PCR analysis were conducted. It showed that the transgenic ZjMAPKK4 hairy roots from two growth periods were successfully stained with blue, whereas the wild-type roots from the non-infested seedlings were not stained blue. The relative expression of ZjMAPKK4 and GUS gene was significantly higher than that in the wild-type plants, reaching more than 10-folds and 200-folds, respectively. Finally, the transformation efficiency reached 0.66 %. All the results demonstrated that we established a simple A. rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transformation system in sour jujube, which could be used for functional validation analysis of jujube biological genes.
{"title":"Establishment of a simple Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transformation system in sour jujube","authors":"Xiaoya Yang, Asia Maqbool, Jiaqi Zang, Yahong Niu, Zhiguo Liu, Lixin Wang, Mengjun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113984","url":null,"abstract":"Jujube (<ce:italic>Ziziphus jujuba</ce:italic> Mill.) is an important fruit tree in China. However, due to the high heterozygosity of jujube, the gene transformation system is not maturely established. With the development of <ce:italic>A. rhizogenes</ce:italic> mediated transformation technology, it was successfully applied to genetic transformation in different woody plant species, which can be employed for gene transformation in jujube. Thus, in order to establish an efficient transformation system for jujube, we obtained hairy roots by infecting sour jujube seedlings with <ce:italic>A. rhizogenes</ce:italic> which contained <ce:italic>35S::GUS-ZjMAPKK4</ce:italic> vector under a non-sterile environment, and different treatments on the induction of <ce:italic>35S::GUS-ZjMAPKK4</ce:italic> hairy roots. The results showed that the hypocotyls of 2-week-old sour jujube seedlings infested with 0 mM AS concentration, which were cultivated at dark condition for 12 h, the transformation efficiency was the highest that the transformed gene hairy roots were successfully induced. Furthermore, to confirm the whether <ce:italic>ZjMAPKK4</ce:italic> integrated into genome of the hairy roots, the GUS histochemical staining and qRT-PCR analysis were conducted. It showed that the transgenic <ce:italic>ZjMAPKK4</ce:italic> hairy roots from two growth periods were successfully stained with blue, whereas the wild-type roots from the non-infested seedlings were not stained blue. The relative expression of <ce:italic>ZjMAPKK4</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>GUS</ce:italic> gene was significantly higher than that in the wild-type plants, reaching more than 10-folds and 200-folds, respectively. Finally, the transformation efficiency reached 0.66 %. All the results demonstrated that we established a simple <ce:italic>A. rhizogenes</ce:italic>-mediated hairy root transformation system in sour jujube, which could be used for functional validation analysis of jujube biological genes.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113987
Shuang Pei, Yufan Sun, Teng Ma, Xufeng Fang, Zicheng Zhu, Linhong Wei, Xingzhe Liu, Chaonan Wang, Zheng Liu, Feishi Luan, Hongyu Liu, Shi Liu
Petal size is a key agronomic trait for plant reproduction. However, the genetic basis and developmental regulation of melon petal size remain unexplored. In this study, the examination of F2 populations derived from M1–15 (large-petaled) and PI 614174 (small-petaled) melon lines suggested that petal size is a quantitative trait. Microscopic observation revealed that the difference in petal size between parental lines was due mainly to the cell number and size. Bulk segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-seq) and genetic mapping of data from 2023 to 2024 identified a major effective stable QTL Cmqps8.1 for petal size in a 1.42 Mb region on chromosome 8. MELO3C024520.2 (annotated as ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF024) was preliminarily predicted as the candidate gene for melon petal size through in silico BSA, gene expression analysis, and the cloning of promoter and coding region sequences in the parental lines and a natural melon panel with different petal sizes. The InDel marker Chr08_9521560 located in the mapping region, co-segregated with large and small petals in F2 individuals and 19 melon germplasms, and could serve as the marker in marker-assisted selection. These results provide a theoretical basis for further fine mapping and functional analysis of key genes related to melon petal size.
{"title":"QTL analysis and candidate gene prediction for melon petal size","authors":"Shuang Pei, Yufan Sun, Teng Ma, Xufeng Fang, Zicheng Zhu, Linhong Wei, Xingzhe Liu, Chaonan Wang, Zheng Liu, Feishi Luan, Hongyu Liu, Shi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113987","url":null,"abstract":"Petal size is a key agronomic trait for plant reproduction. However, the genetic basis and developmental regulation of melon petal size remain unexplored. In this study, the examination of F<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> populations derived from M1–15 (large-petaled) and PI 614174 (small-petaled) melon lines suggested that petal size is a quantitative trait. Microscopic observation revealed that the difference in petal size between parental lines was due mainly to the cell number and size. Bulk segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-seq) and genetic mapping of data from 2023 to 2024 identified a major effective stable QTL <ce:italic>Cmqps8.1</ce:italic> for petal size in a 1.42 Mb region on chromosome 8. <ce:italic>MELO3C024520.2</ce:italic> (annotated as ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF024) was preliminarily predicted as the candidate gene for melon petal size through <ce:italic>in silico</ce:italic> BSA, gene expression analysis, and the cloning of promoter and coding region sequences in the parental lines and a natural melon panel with different petal sizes. The InDel marker <ce:italic>Chr08_9521560</ce:italic> located in the mapping region, co-segregated with large and small petals in F<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> individuals and 19 melon germplasms, and could serve as the marker in marker-assisted selection. These results provide a theoretical basis for further fine mapping and functional analysis of key genes related to melon petal size.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"206 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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