Pub Date : 2025-02-15DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114031
Tongjun Zhou , Dawei Li , Yuchao Tang, Yuxian Xu, Ziyu Guo, Hai Li, Ruizi Xiang, Chang Liu, Xuehao Fu, Ming Sun
Chrysanthemum, a valuable ornamental flower, has limited salinity tolerance, which restricts its cultivation in salt-stressed conditions. In this study, we investigated the salt tolerance of a population derived from the salt-tolerant germplasm Chrysanthemum yantaiense. The parents and 91 offspring were subjected to 300 mM NaCl concentrations for 30 days. Based on the observed changes in growth and the degree of damage caused by salt stress, 15 high-resistant, 52 moderate-resistant, and 16 low-resistant strains were identified. Two offspring (i.e., YS-58 and YS-123) with contrasting salt tolerance were subjected to 15 days of salt stress, with phenotypic, physiological, and biochemical responses assessed at 5, 10, and 15 days. YS-58 demonstrated greater resilience, maintaining higher shoot fresh weight by day 10, and exhibiting significantly less growth impairment in both aboveground and belowground by day 15 compared to YS-123. Under salt stress, YS-58 accumulated lower Na⁺ levels in leaves, while sustaining higher K⁺ content in roots and stems. Additionally, YS-58 showed elevated proline levels, reduced soluble sugar content, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, along with enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity relative to YS-123. Understanding these mechanisms will provide insights into how chrysanthemums survive under saline conditions, potentially enabling large-scale cultivation in saline soils.
{"title":"Genotype-Specific responses to salinity in chrysanthemum: Evaluation and mechanistic insights from salt-tolerant germplasm Chrysanthemum yantaiense","authors":"Tongjun Zhou , Dawei Li , Yuchao Tang, Yuxian Xu, Ziyu Guo, Hai Li, Ruizi Xiang, Chang Liu, Xuehao Fu, Ming Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chrysanthemum, a valuable ornamental flower, has limited salinity tolerance, which restricts its cultivation in salt-stressed conditions. In this study, we investigated the salt tolerance of a population derived from the salt-tolerant germplasm <em>Chrysanthemum yantaiense</em>. The parents and 91 offspring were subjected to 300 mM NaCl concentrations for 30 days. Based on the observed changes in growth and the degree of damage caused by salt stress, 15 high-resistant, 52 moderate-resistant, and 16 low-resistant strains were identified. Two offspring (i.e., YS-58 and YS-123) with contrasting salt tolerance were subjected to 15 days of salt stress, with phenotypic, physiological, and biochemical responses assessed at 5, 10, and 15 days. YS-58 demonstrated greater resilience, maintaining higher shoot fresh weight by day 10, and exhibiting significantly less growth impairment in both aboveground and belowground by day 15 compared to YS-123. Under salt stress, YS-58 accumulated lower Na⁺ levels in leaves, while sustaining higher K⁺ content in roots and stems. Additionally, YS-58 showed elevated proline levels, reduced soluble sugar content, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, along with enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity relative to YS-123. Understanding these mechanisms will provide insights into how chrysanthemums survive under saline conditions, potentially enabling large-scale cultivation in saline soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 114031"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-15DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114028
Adrian Vollmer , Uwe Schmidt , Christian Ulrichs , Dennis Dannehl
Objective
Resource waste and an environmental burden are consequences of improper disposal of horticultural waste, making it a significant concern in horticulture. Tomato plant residues that accumulate from tomato production in greenhouses, contain a lot of nutrients and organic matter. In the composting process, microorganisms decompose residues into nutrient rich substrates. If these were amended to arable land, this could save fertilizer and help to close nutrient cycles.
Methods
In the present study, it was investigated in a pot experiment whether compost from tomato residues is suitable as fertilizer and soil amendment to produce lettuce (Lactuca sativa 'Speedway'). Therefore, conventional organic fertilizer was substituted either by 100 % or 50 %. In addition, control treatments, with or without conventional organic fertilizer were cultivated.
Results
The results show that the addition of tomato plant compost increases water holding capacity, carbon content, pH, total amount of macro nutrients as well as available P, K and Mg, but reduces ammonium and nitrate content compared to the fertilized control. The 100 % substitute leads to reduced yield and water use efficiency. Therefore, using composted tomato plant residues as a sole N fertilizer is not efficient due to limited plant available N release. Yet, substituting 50 % of conventional organic fertilizer with composted tomato plant residues maintains yields while preserving the aforementioned positive effects.
Conclusion
We demonstrated that composted tomato plant residues are suitable as fertilizer and soil amendment. The residues from one hectare of tomato production have the potential to substitute 50 % of conventional fertilizer for lettuce production on one and the same hectare. This could effectively reduce waste, close nutrition cycles, and promote environmentally friendly horticulture.
{"title":"Closing the loop: Utilization of composted tomato plant residues as fertilizer and soil amendment","authors":"Adrian Vollmer , Uwe Schmidt , Christian Ulrichs , Dennis Dannehl","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Resource waste and an environmental burden are consequences of improper disposal of horticultural waste, making it a significant concern in horticulture. Tomato plant residues that accumulate from tomato production in greenhouses, contain a lot of nutrients and organic matter. In the composting process, microorganisms decompose residues into nutrient rich substrates. If these were amended to arable land, this could save fertilizer and help to close nutrient cycles.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In the present study, it was investigated in a pot experiment whether compost from tomato residues is suitable as fertilizer and soil amendment to produce lettuce (<em>Lactuca sativa</em> 'Speedway'). Therefore, conventional organic fertilizer was substituted either by 100 % or 50 %. In addition, control treatments, with or without conventional organic fertilizer were cultivated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results show that the addition of tomato plant compost increases water holding capacity, carbon content, pH, total amount of macro nutrients as well as available P, K and Mg, but reduces ammonium and nitrate content compared to the fertilized control. The 100 % substitute leads to reduced yield and water use efficiency. Therefore, using composted tomato plant residues as a sole N fertilizer is not efficient due to limited plant available N release. Yet, substituting 50 % of conventional organic fertilizer with composted tomato plant residues maintains yields while preserving the aforementioned positive effects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We demonstrated that composted tomato plant residues are suitable as fertilizer and soil amendment. The residues from one hectare of tomato production have the potential to substitute 50 % of conventional fertilizer for lettuce production on one and the same hectare. This could effectively reduce waste, close nutrition cycles, and promote environmentally friendly horticulture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 114028"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-15DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114035
María T. Lafuente, Raúl Sampedro, Paco Romero
Copper (Cu) is an essential microelement with low bioavailability in croplands, which severely affects plant growth, yield and quality. The aim of this work was to decipher whether Cu deficiency (CuD) during cultivation changes the levels of salicylic (SA), indole-3-acetic (IAA), and abscisic (ABA) acids, and different jasmonic acid (JA)-related metabolites, throughout tomato (S. lycopersicum L. cv. Moneymaker) fruit ripening; and whether these changes differ between whole fruit and the pericarp. Overall, basal levels of hormones were greater in whole fruit than in the pericarp, mostly at the mature green (MG) fruit stage. CuD triggered a rise in JA precursor cis-(+)-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) and a decrease in IAA and JA in the whole fruit at the MG stage, while no significant effects on either JA-derivatives methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JAIle), or ABA and SA contents, was found. However, in the red ripe (RR) stage, CuD did not alter JA but increased JAIle and decreased OPDA and MeJA contents. Major differences between whole fruit and pericarp in response to CuD occurred in RR fruit, which showed an increased cracking incidence and susceptibility to postharvest Botrytis cinerea infection when exposed to the stress. These dissimilarities consisted on an increase in IAA, a reduction in SA, and the avoidance of JAIle increase in the pericarp. This study highlights, for the first time, that preharvest CuD influences hormone accumulation and favors tomato fruit quality loss, and that the effect of stress on hormones differs between whole fruit and pericarp in a maturation-dependent way.
{"title":"Deficient Cu availability alters hormone profiling during tomato fruit ripening","authors":"María T. Lafuente, Raúl Sampedro, Paco Romero","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Copper (Cu) is an essential microelement with low bioavailability in croplands, which severely affects plant growth, yield and quality. The aim of this work was to decipher whether Cu deficiency (CuD) during cultivation changes the levels of salicylic (SA), indole-3-acetic (IAA), and abscisic (ABA) acids, and different jasmonic acid (JA)-related metabolites, throughout tomato (<em>S. lycopersicum</em> L. cv. Moneymaker) fruit ripening; and whether these changes differ between whole fruit and the pericarp. Overall, basal levels of hormones were greater in whole fruit than in the pericarp, mostly at the mature green (MG) fruit stage. CuD triggered a rise in JA precursor <em>cis</em>-(+)-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) and a decrease in IAA and JA in the whole fruit at the MG stage, while no significant effects on either JA-derivatives methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JAIle), or ABA and SA contents, was found. However, in the red ripe (RR) stage, CuD did not alter JA but increased JAIle and decreased OPDA and MeJA contents. Major differences between whole fruit and pericarp in response to CuD occurred in RR fruit, which showed an increased cracking incidence and susceptibility to postharvest <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> infection when exposed to the stress. These dissimilarities consisted on an increase in IAA, a reduction in SA, and the avoidance of JAIle increase in the pericarp. This study highlights, for the first time, that preharvest CuD influences hormone accumulation and favors tomato fruit quality loss, and that the effect of stress on hormones differs between whole fruit and pericarp in a maturation-dependent way.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 114035"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-15DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114046
Yunman Chen , Bin Lin , Yifan Wen , Yueying Sang , Mengshi Lin , Shucheng Li , Zhongqi Fan , Yifen Lin , Hetong Lin
Chilling injury (CI) is one of the main symptoms of quality deterioration in cold-stored Chinese olives, leading to the rapid declines of nutrition and commercial value. This work explored the efficacy of 1.0 mM γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) treatment on the respiratory and energy metabolisms in Chinese olives during cold storage at 2 °C and its relationship with CI development and quality attributes. The Chinese olives were immersed in distilled water and 1.0 mM GABA solution for 10 min, respectively. Compared with the control samples, the GABA-treated Chinese olives presented lower levels of fruit CI index and weight loss percentage, and lower contents of pericarp carotenoid and pulp reducing sugar. Conversely, the GABA-treated samples showed a higher percentage of the commercially acceptable fruit, a higher pericarp h° value, higher levels of pericarp chlorophyll and pulp total soluble solids, titratable acidity, tannin, vitamin C, total soluble sugar, and sucrose. Additionally, the GABA-treated samples showed lower respiration rate, lower activities of phosphoglucose isomerase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome C oxidase, and ascorbic acid oxidase, lower values of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and the reduced form of NAD (NADH), and lower content of adenosine monophosphate, but higher activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase + 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kinase, H+, Ca2+, and Mg2+-ATPase, higher values of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) and the reduced form of NADP (NADPH), and higher contents of adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and energy charge. These findings elucidate that the alleviating effects of GABA on the CI occurrence and quality deterioration in Chinese olives during cold storage are related to the inhibition of respiratory metabolism and the maintenance of a higher energy status.
{"title":"γ-Aminobutyric acid treatment reduces the chilling injury and quality deterioration of Chinese olives during cold storage through regulating the metabolisms of respiration and energy","authors":"Yunman Chen , Bin Lin , Yifan Wen , Yueying Sang , Mengshi Lin , Shucheng Li , Zhongqi Fan , Yifen Lin , Hetong Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chilling injury (CI) is one of the main symptoms of quality deterioration in cold-stored Chinese olives, leading to the rapid declines of nutrition and commercial value. This work explored the efficacy of 1.0 mM γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) treatment on the respiratory and energy metabolisms in Chinese olives during cold storage at 2 °C and its relationship with CI development and quality attributes. The Chinese olives were immersed in distilled water and 1.0 mM GABA solution for 10 min, respectively. Compared with the control samples, the GABA-treated Chinese olives presented lower levels of fruit CI index and weight loss percentage, and lower contents of pericarp carotenoid and pulp reducing sugar. Conversely, the GABA-treated samples showed a higher percentage of the commercially acceptable fruit, a higher pericarp <em>h</em>° value, higher levels of pericarp chlorophyll and pulp total soluble solids, titratable acidity, tannin, vitamin C, total soluble sugar, and sucrose. Additionally, the GABA-treated samples showed lower respiration rate, lower activities of phosphoglucose isomerase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome C oxidase, and ascorbic acid oxidase, lower values of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and the reduced form of NAD (NADH), and lower content of adenosine monophosphate, but higher activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase + 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kinase, H<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, and Mg<sup>2+</sup>-ATPase, higher values of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) and the reduced form of NADP (NADPH), and higher contents of adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and energy charge. These findings elucidate that the alleviating effects of GABA on the CI occurrence and quality deterioration in Chinese olives during cold storage are related to the inhibition of respiratory metabolism and the maintenance of a higher energy status.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 114046"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-15DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114016
Khaled A. El-Tarabily, Synan F. AbuQamar
Salinity poses a substantial risk to agricultural productivity. This work explored the use of biogenic selenium nanoparticles (BSeNPs) synthesized by Streptomyces ferrugineus, characterized by their spherical morphology (41 nm diameter), and -25.3 mV surface charge, to mitigate salinity stress in date palm trees. Over two growing seasons (2022 and 2023), BSeNPs (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/L) were applied as foliar sprays and soil drenches to assess their impact on growth, yield, and oxidative stability. Salinity stress reduced growth, chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC), and ascorbic acid, while increasing catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide levels. The soil application of BSeNPs at 40 mg/L significantly increased chlorophyll content by 28.8–29.5%, RWC by 33.3%, and ascorbic acid by 90.5%. It also reduced proline by 48.8–51.7%, malondialdehyde (MDA) by 31.0–33.3%, and the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) by 32.1–40.0%, and 16.7–25.0%, respectively, compared to untreated controls. Biogenic SeNPs enhanced the antioxidant defense system, reduced reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative damage, and minimized lipid peroxidation. This study is the first to demonstrate the potential of BSeNPs derived from actinobacteria to mitigate salinity-induced oxidative stress in date palm trees while simultaneously enhancing fruit yield and quality. By offering a sustainable and eco-friendly solution, BSeNPs pave the way for protecting high-value crops like date palms against the adverse effects of salinity. This innovative approach not only safeguards agricultural productivity under challenging environmental conditions but also promotes sustainable farming practices, highlighting the transformative role of BSeNPs in modern agriculture.
{"title":"Enhancement of yield, physiological characteristics, and oxidative stability of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) trees under salt stress using biogenic selenium nanoparticles","authors":"Khaled A. El-Tarabily, Synan F. AbuQamar","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salinity poses a substantial risk to agricultural productivity. This work explored the use of biogenic selenium nanoparticles (BSeNPs) synthesized by <em>Streptomyces ferrugineus</em>, characterized by their spherical morphology (41 nm diameter), and -25.3 mV surface charge, to mitigate salinity stress in date palm trees. Over two growing seasons (2022 and 2023), BSeNPs (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/L) were applied as foliar sprays and soil drenches to assess their impact on growth, yield, and oxidative stability. Salinity stress reduced growth, chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC), and ascorbic acid, while increasing catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide levels. The soil application of BSeNPs at 40 mg/L significantly increased chlorophyll content by 28.8–29.5%, RWC by 33.3%, and ascorbic acid by 90.5%. It also reduced proline by 48.8–51.7%, malondialdehyde (MDA) by 31.0–33.3%, and the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) by 32.1–40.0%, and 16.7–25.0%, respectively, compared to untreated controls. Biogenic SeNPs enhanced the antioxidant defense system, reduced reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative damage, and minimized lipid peroxidation. This study is the first to demonstrate the potential of BSeNPs derived from actinobacteria to mitigate salinity-induced oxidative stress in date palm trees while simultaneously enhancing fruit yield and quality. By offering a sustainable and eco-friendly solution, BSeNPs pave the way for protecting high-value crops like date palms against the adverse effects of salinity. This innovative approach not only safeguards agricultural productivity under challenging environmental conditions but also promotes sustainable farming practices, highlighting the transformative role of BSeNPs in modern agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 114016"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-15DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114034
Shuai Zhang , Jie Zhang , Lu Zhang , HaoJia Ye , ChenYi Wang , Xiaopeng Mu , Jiancheng Zhang , LuTing Jia , Yu Gary Gao , Pengfei Wang
The content and types of organic acids contribute significantly to the varietal differences in the quality of Cerasus humilis fruits. The molecular mechanisms underlying the accumulation of organic acids in C. humilis remain poorly understood. The study first identified the role of VHA family genes in malic acid metabolism in the low-acid variety '3–19–3′ and the high-acid variety 'Jinou 1′, identifying the VHA genes ChVHA-V0-a3 and ChVHA-V1-G3 that may be related to malic acid metabolism. Furthermore, we conducted extensive validations of the candidate VHA genes in mature fruit of Cerasus humilis 45 accessions, as well as during the fruit development of the low-acid variety '3–6–8′ and the high-acid variety 'Ziou 1′. Finally, the transient transformation technology was utilized to verify the functions of the candidate VHA genes. The results from this study provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms behind the regulation of malic acid production in C. humilis fruits.
{"title":"Identification of VHA genes related to organic acid metabolism and functional analysis of key genes in Cerasus humilis","authors":"Shuai Zhang , Jie Zhang , Lu Zhang , HaoJia Ye , ChenYi Wang , Xiaopeng Mu , Jiancheng Zhang , LuTing Jia , Yu Gary Gao , Pengfei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The content and types of organic acids contribute significantly to the varietal differences in the quality of <em>Cerasus humilis</em> fruits. The molecular mechanisms underlying the accumulation of organic acids in <em>C. humilis</em> remain poorly understood. The study first identified the role of VHA family genes in malic acid metabolism in the low-acid variety '3–19–3′ and the high-acid variety 'Jinou 1′, identifying the <em>VHA</em> genes <em>ChVHA-V0-a3</em> and <em>ChVHA-V1-G3</em> that may be related to malic acid metabolism. Furthermore, we conducted extensive validations of the candidate <em>VHA</em> genes in mature fruit of <em>Cerasus humilis</em> 45 accessions, as well as during the fruit development of the low-acid variety '3–6–8′ and the high-acid variety 'Ziou 1′. Finally, the transient transformation technology was utilized to verify the functions of the candidate <em>VHA</em> genes. The results from this study provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms behind the regulation of malic acid production in <em>C. humilis</em> fruits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 114034"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-15DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114051
Weihai Yang, Qianqian Ouyang, Jun Chen, Lizhen Zeng, Xixiong Hong, Xiaopeng Li, Qiusheng Xiao, Na Chen, Qin Shao
Macadamia variety ‘HAES344’, popularly known for its premium edible kernels in macadamia-producing regions, is prone to show yellowing leaves under high temperature, resulting in yield reduction. Glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (AsA) are the crucial components of the nonenzymatic antioxidant system, with critical functions in enhancing plant leaf tolerance to environmental stress. However, alterations in the GSH and AsA metabolism during leaf yellowing of ‘HAES344’ are unknown. Here, we investigated variations in the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) associated with the GSH and AsA metabolism during leaf yellowing of ‘HAES344’, based on an integrative metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis. In the yellowing leaves, 4 of the 8 DAMs related to GSH metabolism, including glutathione oxidized form (GSSG), GSH, L-ascorbate and L-cysteine, were significantly upregulated, as well as 4 of the 5 DAMs associated with AsA biosynthesis (i.e., L-ascorbate, UDP-α-D-glucose, inositol, and D-glucuronic acid). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that 17 and 10 DEGs with a mean RPKM > 0.5 were involved in GSH metabolism and AsA biosynthesis, respectively. The majority of these DEGs related to GSH metabolism were significantly upregulated in the yellowing leaves, while those involved in AsA biosynthesis exhibited an opposite trend. Correlation analysis showed that 12 DEGs (GSH2, GSTU1, HSP26-A, PARA, 2 PARC, etc.) were significantly correlated with the GSH metabolism-related metabolites, except for L-ascorbate and L(+)-ornithine, while 7 DEGs (ALDH3F1, ALDH3H1, ALDH3I1, etc.) exhibited a significant correlation with the AsA biosynthesis-related metabolites, except for UDP-α-D-glucose. The regulatory networks of GSH and AsA metabolism were thus established. Additionally, a total of 67 transcription factors from the MYB, WRKY, C2H2, bHLH, NAC, AP2/ERF, HD-ZIP, and HSF families were involved in regulating GSH metabolism and AsA biosynthesis; furthermore, ERF012, MYB4, MYB44, WRKY72, WRKY75, MYC3, NAC100, HAT3, and HSFA5 served as important regulators that simultaneously modulated the key genes of these two metabolic pathways. These results showed that the increased GSH and AsA biosynthesis might improve the thermotolerance of the yellowing leaves of ‘HAES344’ macadamia under high temperature.
{"title":"Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic insights into ascorbate biosynthesis and glutathione metabolism during leaf yellowing in ‘HAES344’ macadamia","authors":"Weihai Yang, Qianqian Ouyang, Jun Chen, Lizhen Zeng, Xixiong Hong, Xiaopeng Li, Qiusheng Xiao, Na Chen, Qin Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Macadamia variety ‘HAES344’, popularly known for its premium edible kernels in macadamia-producing regions, is prone to show yellowing leaves under high temperature, resulting in yield reduction. Glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (AsA) are the crucial components of the nonenzymatic antioxidant system, with critical functions in enhancing plant leaf tolerance to environmental stress. However, alterations in the GSH and AsA metabolism during leaf yellowing of ‘HAES344’ are unknown. Here, we investigated variations in the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) associated with the GSH and AsA metabolism during leaf yellowing of ‘HAES344’, based on an integrative metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis. In the yellowing leaves, 4 of the 8 DAMs related to GSH metabolism, including glutathione oxidized form (GSSG), GSH, L-ascorbate and L-cysteine, were significantly upregulated, as well as 4 of the 5 DAMs associated with AsA biosynthesis (i.e., L-ascorbate, UDP-α-D-glucose, inositol, and D-glucuronic acid). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that 17 and 10 DEGs with a mean RPKM > 0.5 were involved in GSH metabolism and AsA biosynthesis, respectively. The majority of these DEGs related to GSH metabolism were significantly upregulated in the yellowing leaves, while those involved in AsA biosynthesis exhibited an opposite trend. Correlation analysis showed that 12 DEGs (<em>GSH2, GSTU1, HSP26-A, PARA</em>, 2 <em>PARC</em>, etc.) were significantly correlated with the GSH metabolism-related metabolites, except for L-ascorbate and L(+)-ornithine, while 7 DEGs (<em>ALDH3F1, ALDH3H1, ALDH3I1</em>, etc.) exhibited a significant correlation with the AsA biosynthesis-related metabolites, except for UDP-α-D-glucose. The regulatory networks of GSH and AsA metabolism were thus established. Additionally, a total of 67 transcription factors from the MYB, WRKY, C2H2, bHLH, NAC, AP2/ERF, HD-ZIP, and HSF families were involved in regulating GSH metabolism and AsA biosynthesis; furthermore, ERF012, MYB4, MYB44, WRKY72, WRKY75, MYC3, NAC100, HAT3, and HSFA5 served as important regulators that simultaneously modulated the key genes of these two metabolic pathways. These results showed that the increased GSH and AsA biosynthesis might improve the thermotolerance of the yellowing leaves of ‘HAES344’ macadamia under high temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 114051"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-15DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114045
Liyong Zhu , Li Zhou , Jiawen Li , Nian Chai , Meiyan Wang , Beibei Li , Ziqiang Chen , Songwen Xu , Caiyun Wang , Tuo Zeng , Jing Luo
The Asteraceae family, encompassing economically and aesthetically important genera such as chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium) and pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium), holds substantial potential for ornamental, medicinal, and industrial applications. However, challenges in genetic transformation, primarily due to genotype-dependent regeneration barriers, significantly hinder advanced genetic research within this family. To overcome these obstacles, our study introduces a novel regeneration strategy that employing a chimeric transcriptional activation complex combining the potent VP64 transcriptional activator with Arabidopsis GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR 5 (AtGRF5) and GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR 1 (AtGIF1). This strategy markedly improved shoot induction and regeneration frequencies across various chrysanthemum and pyrethrum genotypes, achieving noTable 5–10-fold increases in these parameters in these parameters in genotypes traditionally challenging to regenerate. Additionally, this approach boosted the transformation efficiency, as demonstrated by a 7-fold increase in chrysanthemum ‘1581’ following co-transformation with genetic vectors. Moreover, this approach enabled the successful transformation of the chrysanthemum genotypes ‘LM28–4’ and pyrethrum ‘W99’, which are relatively challenging to genetic modify. The broad applicability of this technique opens new avenues for the regeneration and genetic modification of a wide range of plant species, offering a fresh perspective on biotechnological interventions in horticulture.
{"title":"Transient Overexpression GRF5-VP64-GIF1 enhances the efficiency of regeneration of Chrysanthemum morifolium and Tanacetum cinerariifolium","authors":"Liyong Zhu , Li Zhou , Jiawen Li , Nian Chai , Meiyan Wang , Beibei Li , Ziqiang Chen , Songwen Xu , Caiyun Wang , Tuo Zeng , Jing Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Asteraceae family, encompassing economically and aesthetically important genera such as chrysanthemum (<em>Chrysanthemum</em> × <em>morifolium</em>) and pyrethrum (<em>Tanacetum cinerariifolium</em>), holds substantial potential for ornamental, medicinal, and industrial applications. However, challenges in genetic transformation, primarily due to genotype-dependent regeneration barriers, significantly hinder advanced genetic research within this family. To overcome these obstacles, our study introduces a novel regeneration strategy that employing a chimeric transcriptional activation complex combining the potent VP64 transcriptional activator with <em>Arabidopsis</em> GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR 5 (<em>AtGRF5</em>) and GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR 1 (<em>AtGIF1</em>). This strategy markedly improved shoot induction and regeneration frequencies across various chrysanthemum and pyrethrum genotypes, achieving noTable 5–10-fold increases in these parameters in these parameters in genotypes traditionally challenging to regenerate. Additionally, this approach boosted the transformation efficiency, as demonstrated by a 7-fold increase in chrysanthemum ‘1581’ following co-transformation with genetic vectors. Moreover, this approach enabled the successful transformation of the chrysanthemum genotypes ‘LM28–4’ and pyrethrum ‘W99’, which are relatively challenging to genetic modify. The broad applicability of this technique opens new avenues for the regeneration and genetic modification of a wide range of plant species, offering a fresh perspective on biotechnological interventions in horticulture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 114045"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-15DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114019
Xiangkun Zhang , Meixuan Li , Linfeng Ge , Bilal Ahmad , Chen Liang , Yuelian Qiao , Xiaoxin Shi , Li Wang , Guoqiang Du
‘Shine Muscat’ grapevines show symptoms of chlorotic mottling, leaf malformation, and leaflet in field. Identifying the specific pathogen responsible for these symptoms is difficult due to its susceptibility to multiple viruses. However, some studies suggest the involvement of Grapevine fabavirus (GFabV), although this has not been confirmed. To determine the symptoms induced by GFabV in plant leaves, seamless cloning was used to clone the full-length sequence of GFabV RNA1 and RNA2, which were then used to construct the pBI121-GFabV RNA1 and RNA2 expression vectors. The resulting clones were used to inoculate Nicotiana benthamiana and ‘Shine Muscat’ plants according to an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Visual symptoms and semi-quantitative RT-PCR results confirmed the infectivity. Sequencing showed that the nucleotide and amino acid homology between the GFabV RNA1 gene and ‘Nagano Purple’ (KX241482.1) were 100 %, and the nucleotide and amino acid homologies of the GFabV RNA2 gene of ‘Shine Muscat’ and ‘Black Beet’ (KX241485.1) were 98.8 % and 98.3 %, respectively. N. benthamiana and ‘Shine Muscat’ grapevines plants inoculated with GFabV RNA1 and RNA2 exhibited leaf crinkling on emerging leaves and leaflet symptoms. The inoculated leaves and the new young leaves showing the symptom were detected as GFabV RNA1 and RNA2 positive by RT-PCR. It could be concluded that the leaf crinkling and leaflet symptoms in ‘Shine Muscat’ grapevines are due to GFabV infection. The findings of this study enhance our understanding of the GFabV virus and paves the way for the control of viral diseases of grapevines.
{"title":"Infecting Nicotiana benthamiana and grapevine leaves with Grapevine fabavirus suggests its involvement in the crinkling and leaflet formation in grapevine leaves","authors":"Xiangkun Zhang , Meixuan Li , Linfeng Ge , Bilal Ahmad , Chen Liang , Yuelian Qiao , Xiaoxin Shi , Li Wang , Guoqiang Du","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>‘Shine Muscat’ grapevines show symptoms of chlorotic mottling, leaf malformation, and leaflet in field. Identifying the specific pathogen responsible for these symptoms is difficult due to its susceptibility to multiple viruses. However, some studies suggest the involvement of <em>Grapevine fabavirus</em> (GFabV), although this has not been confirmed. To determine the symptoms induced by GFabV in plant leaves, seamless cloning was used to clone the full-length sequence of <em>GFabV RNA1</em> and <em>RNA2</em>, which were then used to construct the <em>pBI121-GFabV RNA1</em> and <em>RNA2</em> expression vectors. The resulting clones were used to inoculate <em>Nicotiana benthamiana</em> and ‘Shine Muscat’ plants according to an <em>Agrobacterium</em>-mediated transformation. Visual symptoms and semi-quantitative RT-PCR results confirmed the infectivity. Sequencing showed that the nucleotide and amino acid homology between the <em>GFabV RNA1</em> gene and ‘Nagano Purple’ (KX241482.1) were 100 %, and the nucleotide and amino acid homologies of the <em>GFabV RNA2</em> gene of ‘Shine Muscat’ and ‘Black Beet’ (KX241485.1) were 98.8 % and 98.3 %, respectively. N<em>. benthamiana</em> and ‘Shine Muscat’ grapevines plants inoculated with <em>GFabV RNA1</em> and <em>RNA2</em> exhibited leaf crinkling on emerging leaves and leaflet symptoms. The inoculated leaves and the new young leaves showing the symptom were detected as <em>GFabV RNA1</em> and <em>RNA2</em> positive by RT-PCR. It could be concluded that the leaf crinkling and leaflet symptoms in ‘Shine Muscat’ grapevines are due to GFabV infection. The findings of this study enhance our understanding of the GFabV virus and paves the way for the control of viral diseases of grapevines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 114019"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-15DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114020
Srinivasa Rao Peddinti , Isaya Kisekka
Water management is essential for optimizing yields in almond orchards, particularly in regions with limited water resources. This work integrates different sources of information (satellite imagery, meteorological data, soil data, and machine learning techniques) to monitor and predict the spatial variability of stem water potential (SWP) in an almond orchard. A random forest (RF) model was developed using weekly SWP measurements collected between 2019 and 2021 at 24 monitoring locations. Predictor variables included meteorological variables (air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit), soil parameters (soil bulk density and soil water content), and vegetation indices derived from satellite imagery (normalized difference vegetation index) and the evaporation fraction were used. The RF model demonstrated high accuracy in predicting SWP, with a Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) of 0.91 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.17 MPa, as evidenced by the goodness-of-fit evaluation. The cumulative probability plot indicated that 78.2 % of the NSE values fall within the "very good" range and 21.8 % within the "good" range, underscoring the model's reliability. It was found that the key variables for SWP prediction are air temperature, evaporation fraction, wind speed, and solar radiation. Spatial maps generated with high-resolution aerial imagery by the model revealed significant within-field variability, particularly during critical growth stages such as the hull split period in July. During this period, the orchard was managed using deficit irrigation strategies, a common practice to mitigate hull rot and optimize water use, which resulted in lower (more negative) SWP values indicating water stress. These maps highlighted areas of the orchard experiencing greater water stress, guiding more precise irrigation management. This study highlights the importance of integrating high-resolution remote sensing data with machine learning algorithms to enhance water management practices in almond orchards. The findings suggest that the spatial and temporal predictions of SWP using the RF model can support precise irrigation scheduling, leading to improved water use efficiency and sustainability in almond production.
{"title":"Advanced monitoring of almond orchard water status using machine learning and remote sensing","authors":"Srinivasa Rao Peddinti , Isaya Kisekka","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water management is essential for optimizing yields in almond orchards, particularly in regions with limited water resources. This work integrates different sources of information (satellite imagery, meteorological data, soil data, and machine learning techniques) to monitor and predict the spatial variability of stem water potential (SWP) in an almond orchard. A random forest (RF) model was developed using weekly SWP measurements collected between 2019 and 2021 at 24 monitoring locations. Predictor variables included meteorological variables (air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit), soil parameters (soil bulk density and soil water content), and vegetation indices derived from satellite imagery (normalized difference vegetation index) and the evaporation fraction were used. The RF model demonstrated high accuracy in predicting SWP, with a Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) of 0.91 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.17 MPa, as evidenced by the goodness-of-fit evaluation. The cumulative probability plot indicated that 78.2 % of the NSE values fall within the \"very good\" range and 21.8 % within the \"good\" range, underscoring the model's reliability. It was found that the key variables for SWP prediction are air temperature, evaporation fraction, wind speed, and solar radiation. Spatial maps generated with high-resolution aerial imagery by the model revealed significant within-field variability, particularly during critical growth stages such as the hull split period in July. During this period, the orchard was managed using deficit irrigation strategies, a common practice to mitigate hull rot and optimize water use, which resulted in lower (more negative) SWP values indicating water stress. These maps highlighted areas of the orchard experiencing greater water stress, guiding more precise irrigation management. This study highlights the importance of integrating high-resolution remote sensing data with machine learning algorithms to enhance water management practices in almond orchards. The findings suggest that the spatial and temporal predictions of SWP using the RF model can support precise irrigation scheduling, leading to improved water use efficiency and sustainability in almond production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 114020"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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