Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113803
Xi Wei, Danni Wei, Lingjin Chen, Mai Chen, Xiaofu Tang
Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) is a prominent cultivar in China and is highly favored by consumers. Fruit shape is a critical agronomic trait in horticultural crops, which significantly contributes to their commercial value. In this study, we compared the two inbred lines of Cucurbita maxima, 'CNG2–3–1–1′ and 'BL27–3–2–1′, which exhibited significant difference in fruit shape. We observed that 'CNG2–3–1–1′ had a notably higher fruit shape index than 'BL27–3–2–1′, potentially due to variations in gene expression regulating cell division and expansion throughout fruit development. Furthermore, fruit shape was clearly discernible in both inbred lines at the ovary stage. Transcriptome sequencing was performed at five developmental stages of the inbred lines, coupled with weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and interaction networks of select differentially expressed genes involved in fruit shape regulation. The findings revealed the detection of 25,653 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In the growth hormone signaling pathway, CmaAux/IAA, CmaAUX1, CmaGH3, and CmaSAUR, as well as CmaARR, CmaCRE1, and CmaAHP in the cytokinin signaling pathway, exhibited differential expression between the two inbred lines. Moreover, analysis of differentially expressed transcription factors across various developmental stages suggested that CmabHLH, CmaERF, CmaWRKY, CmaHD-ZIP, and CmaMYB transcription factors may be associated with fruit expansion. It is postulated that these factors interact with target genes to collectively govern cell division and expansion in both horizontal and vertical directions, thereby influencing fruit shape difference between the two inbred lines.
{"title":"Comparative transcriptomics and weighted gene co-expression correlation network analysis (WGCNA) identified genes associated with fruit shape in pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima)","authors":"Xi Wei, Danni Wei, Lingjin Chen, Mai Chen, Xiaofu Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113803","url":null,"abstract":"Pumpkin (<ce:italic>Cucurbita maxima</ce:italic>) is a prominent cultivar in China and is highly favored by consumers. Fruit shape is a critical agronomic trait in horticultural crops, which significantly contributes to their commercial value. In this study, we compared the two inbred lines of <ce:italic>Cucurbita maxima</ce:italic>, 'CNG2–3–1–1′ and 'BL27–3–2–1′, which exhibited significant difference in fruit shape. We observed that 'CNG2–3–1–1′ had a notably higher fruit shape index than 'BL27–3–2–1′, potentially due to variations in gene expression regulating cell division and expansion throughout fruit development. Furthermore, fruit shape was clearly discernible in both inbred lines at the ovary stage. Transcriptome sequencing was performed at five developmental stages of the inbred lines, coupled with weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and interaction networks of select differentially expressed genes involved in fruit shape regulation. The findings revealed the detection of 25,653 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In the growth hormone signaling pathway, <ce:italic>CmaAux/IAA, CmaAUX1, CmaGH3</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>CmaSAUR</ce:italic>, as well as <ce:italic>CmaARR, CmaCRE1</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>CmaAHP</ce:italic> in the cytokinin signaling pathway, exhibited differential expression between the two inbred lines. Moreover, analysis of differentially expressed transcription factors across various developmental stages suggested that <ce:italic>CmabHLH, CmaERF, CmaWRKY, CmaHD-ZIP</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>CmaMYB</ce:italic> transcription factors may be associated with fruit expansion. It is postulated that these factors interact with target genes to collectively govern cell division and expansion in both horizontal and vertical directions, thereby influencing fruit shape difference between the two inbred lines.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.) is a major crop cultivated in Northwest China. However, with the extension of storage periods, cantaloupes are increasingly prone to post-ripening senescence, quality deterioration, rot, and other phenomena, which in turn seriously limit shelf life. During postharvest storage, the quality of cantaloupes is affected by a large increase in ROS in the fruit. Herein, the effects of exogenous NO fumigation treatment on the quality of Xizhoumi NO.17 cantaloupe were investigated, with a focus on ROS generation and removal. NO fumigation treatment effectively reduced the rate of cantaloupe decay, inhibited fruit water loss and better maintained fruit firmness and relative conductivity. NO treatment induced O2·– and H2O2 production during early storage (within 24 h), whereas their accumulation decreased during later storage. NOX activity and expression of related genes in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group during the early storage but lower during later storage. NO fumigation also induced the antioxidant capacity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems in cantaloupe and helped to inhibit the accumulation of ROS. Taken together, NO fumigation triggers H2O2 production via the NOX/SOD system, activating the antioxidant response of cantaloupe to overcome excessive ROS production in the late stage of storage, thus maintaining fruit quality.
{"title":"Nitric oxide fumigation maintains cantaloupe fruit quality by regulating the production of reactive oxygen species","authors":"Yukun Meng, Yilidana Dilixiati, Xiaoyang Zhu, Wenjian Shi, Bin Wu, Jide Wang, Jia Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113801","url":null,"abstract":"Cantaloupe (<ce:italic>Cucumis melo</ce:italic> L<ce:italic>.</ce:italic>) is a major crop cultivated in Northwest China. However, with the extension of storage periods, cantaloupes are increasingly prone to post-ripening senescence, quality deterioration, rot, and other phenomena, which in turn seriously limit shelf life. During postharvest storage, the quality of cantaloupes is affected by a large increase in ROS in the fruit. Herein, the effects of exogenous NO fumigation treatment on the quality of Xizhoumi NO.17 cantaloupe were investigated, with a focus on ROS generation and removal. NO fumigation treatment effectively reduced the rate of cantaloupe decay, inhibited fruit water loss and better maintained fruit firmness and relative conductivity. NO treatment induced O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>·<ce:sup loc=\"post\">–</ce:sup> and H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> production during early storage (within 24 h), whereas their accumulation decreased during later storage. NOX activity and expression of related genes in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group during the early storage but lower during later storage. NO fumigation also induced the antioxidant capacity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems in cantaloupe and helped to inhibit the accumulation of ROS. Taken together, NO fumigation triggers H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> production via the NOX/SOD system, activating the antioxidant response of cantaloupe to overcome excessive ROS production in the late stage of storage, thus maintaining fruit quality.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"248 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113807
Lovro Sinkovič, Mohamed Neji, Nataša Kunstelj, Barbara Pipan, Vladimir Meglič
The study investigated the effects of cropping system (CS), mulching (M) and year (Y) on the nutritional profile and colour parameters of four sweet potato varieties, namely Purple Speclet, Martina, Janja and Lučka. The results showed that the variations were mainly due to the genetic makeup of the varieties, with Purple Speclet having the highest dry matter, protein, vitamin C content, total phenolic content, antioxidant potential and total soluble solids. Lučka had the highest total sugar content, while Martina and Janja only stood out in terms of glucose content. The nutritional parameters correlated strongly with the colour parameters, suggesting that colour could be a useful indicator for predicting the nutritional quality of sweet potatoes. Nutritional parameters such as total phenolic content (TPC), vitamin C, antioxidant activity (AOP) and dry matter (DM) were significantly influenced by growing season, cropping system and mulching. The growing season had the greatest influence on TPC, vitamin C, AOP and DM. Mulching had the highest impact on DM, glucose content and vitamin C, while the cropping system had the highest impact on vitamin C, AOP and protein content. In particular, organic farming without PE mulching during the growing season resulted in higher levels of vitamin C, TPC and AOP, especially in relatively less favourable weather conditions. However, when PE mulch was used, there was a significant decrease in TPC and AOP. In contrast, no significant environmental influence was observed for the colour parameters, evidently differentiated in the purple-fleshed genotype with respect to the others, indicating that they are predominantly under strong genetic control. The results could help to introduce nutrient-rich sweet potato varieties into sustainable cropping systems and promote the production of sweet potatoes in Europe, particularly the Slovenian varieties Lučka, Martina and Janja, which have not been widely cultivated to date.
{"title":"Variations in the nutritional profile and colour parameters of sweet potato varieties with different flesh colours: Effects of cropping system, mulching and growing season","authors":"Lovro Sinkovič, Mohamed Neji, Nataša Kunstelj, Barbara Pipan, Vladimir Meglič","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113807","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the effects of cropping system (CS), mulching (M) and year (Y) on the nutritional profile and colour parameters of four sweet potato varieties, namely Purple Speclet, Martina, Janja and Lučka. The results showed that the variations were mainly due to the genetic makeup of the varieties, with Purple Speclet having the highest dry matter, protein, vitamin C content, total phenolic content, antioxidant potential and total soluble solids. Lučka had the highest total sugar content, while Martina and Janja only stood out in terms of glucose content. The nutritional parameters correlated strongly with the colour parameters, suggesting that colour could be a useful indicator for predicting the nutritional quality of sweet potatoes. Nutritional parameters such as total phenolic content (TPC), vitamin C, antioxidant activity (AOP) and dry matter (DM) were significantly influenced by growing season, cropping system and mulching. The growing season had the greatest influence on TPC, vitamin C, AOP and DM. Mulching had the highest impact on DM, glucose content and vitamin C, while the cropping system had the highest impact on vitamin C, AOP and protein content. In particular, organic farming without PE mulching during the growing season resulted in higher levels of vitamin C, TPC and AOP, especially in relatively less favourable weather conditions. However, when PE mulch was used, there was a significant decrease in TPC and AOP. In contrast, no significant environmental influence was observed for the colour parameters, evidently differentiated in the purple-fleshed genotype with respect to the others, indicating that they are predominantly under strong genetic control. The results could help to introduce nutrient-rich sweet potato varieties into sustainable cropping systems and promote the production of sweet potatoes in Europe, particularly the Slovenian varieties Lučka, Martina and Janja, which have not been widely cultivated to date.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113784
Rachael Maree Wood, Magdalena Proske, Sergio Tonetto de Freitas, Christian Scheer, Ralf Thomas Vögele, Daniel Alexandre Neuwald
{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘Seasonal variation in calcium and ascorbic acid content at harvest related to internal browning in ‘Braeburn’ apple during controlled atmosphere storage’ [Scientia Horticulturae, Volume 297, (2022), 110943]","authors":"Rachael Maree Wood, Magdalena Proske, Sergio Tonetto de Freitas, Christian Scheer, Ralf Thomas Vögele, Daniel Alexandre Neuwald","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113784","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113800
Kaiyang Zhu, Zeyu Lu, Ji Ma, Ting Zhang, Hongjie Lei, Wenge Zhao, Huaide Xu, Mei Li
Walnut oil bodies (WOBs), the storage lipid organelles that forms and accumulates with walnut development. However, there is little literature about the lipid compositions and dynamic changes of WOBs during development. To address this gap in knowledge, lipidomics profile and metabolic modulation of WOBs during walnut (wen 185 cultivar) development (60, 74, 88, 102, 116, and 130 days after pollination, S1-S6) were analyzed using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). A total of 305 individual lipids in WOBs were mainly glycerolipids (79.34%), glycerophospholipids (12.13%), and fatty acyls (7.21%). Moreover, triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, monoglycerides, free fatty acids, phosphatidylglycerols and phosphatidylcholines had high relative content. Notably, triacylglycerols were the most abundant lipids in WOBs at every stage and they were rich in unsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic acid. With the walnut development, 209 lipids changed significantly between the S1 and S6 stages. The linoleic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism and glycerolipid metabolism pathways were significantly enriched. Among the three metabolic pathways, linoleic acid metabolism had the greatest impact on WOBs formation and metabolism. Therefore, regulating linoleic acid metabolism would be one of the strategies to control the formation and metabolism of WOBs. Together, these findings contributed to further understanding of the potential mechanisms of lipid accumulation in WOBs.
{"title":"Lipids modifications during walnut development: Changes in the composition and metabolic regulation of oil bodies","authors":"Kaiyang Zhu, Zeyu Lu, Ji Ma, Ting Zhang, Hongjie Lei, Wenge Zhao, Huaide Xu, Mei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113800","url":null,"abstract":"Walnut oil bodies (WOBs), the storage lipid organelles that forms and accumulates with walnut development. However, there is little literature about the lipid compositions and dynamic changes of WOBs during development. To address this gap in knowledge, lipidomics profile and metabolic modulation of WOBs during walnut (wen 185 cultivar) development (60, 74, 88, 102, 116, and 130 days after pollination, S1-S6) were analyzed using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). A total of 305 individual lipids in WOBs were mainly glycerolipids (79.34%), glycerophospholipids (12.13%), and fatty acyls (7.21%). Moreover, triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, monoglycerides, free fatty acids, phosphatidylglycerols and phosphatidylcholines had high relative content. Notably, triacylglycerols were the most abundant lipids in WOBs at every stage and they were rich in unsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic acid. With the walnut development, 209 lipids changed significantly between the S1 and S6 stages. The linoleic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism and glycerolipid metabolism pathways were significantly enriched. Among the three metabolic pathways, linoleic acid metabolism had the greatest impact on WOBs formation and metabolism. Therefore, regulating linoleic acid metabolism would be one of the strategies to control the formation and metabolism of WOBs. Together, these findings contributed to further understanding of the potential mechanisms of lipid accumulation in WOBs.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113765
Luanna Fernandes Pereira, Bruna Oliveira Monteiro, Ednilson Carvalho Teixeira, Carlos Eduardo Magalhães dos Santos, Sylvana Naomi Matsumoto
Biotic and abiotic stresses limit the growth, development, and production of sour passion fruit plants. The use of taller seedlings can reduce the vulnerability of the crop, as can cultivation in protected environments. However, due to the long period seedlings spend in the nursery, coupled with their continuous and indefinite growth, it is necessary to establish proper management to balance the growth of the aerial parts and the roots. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of apical pruning of the aerial parts during the seedling formation phase, quantifying changes in the morphophysiology and reproductive cycle of plants grown both in a protected environment and in the open field. The treatments consisted of: control (T1), pruning after the emergence of the 4th, 7th, 9th, and 11th leaves (T2); 7th, 10th, 12th, and 14th leaves (T3); 10th, 13th, and 15th leaves (T4); and 7th oldest leaf, 10th, and 12th leaves (T5). During the seedling growth phase, all treatments with pruning management showed a greater stem diameter, exceeding 37 % compared to the control. Overall, when analyzing morphological and physiological parameters, treatment T3 stood out compared to the control. However, in the reproductive phase of the plant, both in open field and protected environments, treatments T2 and T4 showed over a 40 % increase in the flowering speed index compared to the control. These results impacted the higher harvest speed index in the first 40 days. However, these changes did not affect production and productivity, nor subsequent harvests.
{"title":"Pruning of the aerial part in tall sour passion fruit seedlings aiming at seedling quality and reproductive precocity","authors":"Luanna Fernandes Pereira, Bruna Oliveira Monteiro, Ednilson Carvalho Teixeira, Carlos Eduardo Magalhães dos Santos, Sylvana Naomi Matsumoto","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113765","url":null,"abstract":"Biotic and abiotic stresses limit the growth, development, and production of sour passion fruit plants. The use of taller seedlings can reduce the vulnerability of the crop, as can cultivation in protected environments. However, due to the long period seedlings spend in the nursery, coupled with their continuous and indefinite growth, it is necessary to establish proper management to balance the growth of the aerial parts and the roots. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of apical pruning of the aerial parts during the seedling formation phase, quantifying changes in the morphophysiology and reproductive cycle of plants grown both in a protected environment and in the open field. The treatments consisted of: control (T1), pruning after the emergence of the 4th, 7th, 9th, and 11th leaves (T2); 7th, 10th, 12th, and 14th leaves (T3); 10th, 13th, and 15th leaves (T4); and 7th oldest leaf, 10th, and 12th leaves (T5). During the seedling growth phase, all treatments with pruning management showed a greater stem diameter, exceeding 37 % compared to the control. Overall, when analyzing morphological and physiological parameters, treatment T3 stood out compared to the control. However, in the reproductive phase of the plant, both in open field and protected environments, treatments T2 and T4 showed over a 40 % increase in the flowering speed index compared to the control. These results impacted the higher harvest speed index in the first 40 days. However, these changes did not affect production and productivity, nor subsequent harvests.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113797
Zhenzhen Peng , Shuhui Song , Daqi Fu , Jiahua Zhou , Hong Chang , Baogang Wang , Ranran Xu , Chao Zhang , Yunxiang Wang
Fruit characteristics (flesh color, sweetness, flavor, etc.) of watermelon are largely the result of human selection. In this study, we combined the metabolome and transcriptome to investigate differentially expressed genes and differential metabolites related to sugar-acid and flesh color in four commercial watermelon cultivars. Fifty-eight genes and nine metabolites were identified in the organic acid and sugar metabolism pathways. Six of these metabolites were significantly up-regulated in ‘Jingcai No.1’ (JC), including sucrose, fructose, cellobiose, oxaloacetate, succinate, and malate. The expression of sucrose synthase 2 (SUS2), sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS1), fructose bisphosphate aldolase (FBA2), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPN), trehalose-phosphate phosphatase (TPPJ), trehalose-phosphate synthase (TPS1), 1,4-alpha-glucan-branching (SBE1) and SBE3, which are involved in sugar and acid metabolism, was also significantly higher than that of the other three cultivars. A total of 55 genes and 102 metabolites were identified in the pathway related to flesh color formation (carotenoid synthesis, phenylpropanoid synthesis, flavonoid synthesis). The abundance of genes and metabolites associated with sugar and acid metabolism and color formation were generally lower in ‘Jingmei 2k’ (EK) and ‘L600’ (LB) than in JC and ‘Chaoyue’ (CY). In summary, the omics analysis of the four watermelon cultivars revealed significant differences in metabolic genes and metabolites involved in sugar-acid biosynthesis and flesh color formation, which provides new ideas for improving the quality and commercial value of watermelon fruits through genetic engineering.
{"title":"Combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals the mechanism of fruit quality formation in different watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cultivars","authors":"Zhenzhen Peng , Shuhui Song , Daqi Fu , Jiahua Zhou , Hong Chang , Baogang Wang , Ranran Xu , Chao Zhang , Yunxiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fruit characteristics (flesh color, sweetness, flavor, etc.) of watermelon are largely the result of human selection. In this study, we combined the metabolome and transcriptome to investigate differentially expressed genes and differential metabolites related to sugar-acid and flesh color in four commercial watermelon cultivars. Fifty-eight genes and nine metabolites were identified in the organic acid and sugar metabolism pathways. Six of these metabolites were significantly up-regulated in ‘Jingcai No.1’ (JC), including sucrose, fructose, cellobiose, oxaloacetate, succinate, and malate. The expression of sucrose synthase 2 (<em>SUS2</em>), sucrose-phosphate synthase (<em>SPS1</em>), fructose bisphosphate aldolase (<em>FBA2</em>), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase(<em>GAPN</em>), trehalose-phosphate phosphatase (<em>TPPJ</em>), trehalose-phosphate synthase (<em>TPS1</em>), 1,4-alpha-glucan-branching (<em>SBE1</em>) and <em>SBE3</em>, which are involved in sugar and acid metabolism, was also significantly higher than that of the other three cultivars. A total of 55 genes and 102 metabolites were identified in the pathway related to flesh color formation (carotenoid synthesis, phenylpropanoid synthesis, flavonoid synthesis). The abundance of genes and metabolites associated with sugar and acid metabolism and color formation were generally lower in ‘Jingmei 2k’ (EK) and ‘L600’ (LB) than in JC and ‘Chaoyue’ (CY). In summary, the omics analysis of the four watermelon cultivars revealed significant differences in metabolic genes and metabolites involved in sugar-acid biosynthesis and flesh color formation, which provides new ideas for improving the quality and commercial value of watermelon fruits through genetic engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 113797"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed to identify the optimal concentration of exogenous melatonin for fresh-cut nectarines by evaluating their quality attributes during storage at 0 °C with relative humidity (RH) of 85 % - 90 % after treatments with different concentrations (0 mM, 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM, and 0.5 mM, with 0 mM as the control). Furthermore, the optimal melatonin treatment concentration and control were used to analyze its effects on antioxidant capacity and tissue microstructure of fresh-cut nectarines. The results indicated that 0.1 mM melatonin was the most effective treatment concentration for maintaining the primary physicochemical qualities of the fresh-cut nectarines. On 12 d of the storage, the 0.1 mM melatonin-treated group showed significant increases of 4.09 % in total phenolic content and 5.78 % in ascorbic acid compared to the control group, with more retained tissue microstructure. Additionally, the treatment was observed with a reduction of 23.82 % in MDA content, 39.31 % in H2O2 content, and 34.26 % in superoxide anion levels, compared with the control. Moreover, the melatonin treatment inhibited the microbial growth and enhanced the antioxidant capacity of fresh-cut nectarines. Furthermore, 0.1 mM melatonin treatment reduced the gene expression and activity of POD and PPO enzymes, while increased the gene expression and activity of PAL and CHS enzymes. These findings demonstrate that 0.1 mM melatonin not only delays browning in fresh-cut nectarines but also improves their antioxidant capacity and storage quality, highlighting its potential as an effective post-harvest treatment strategy for reducing the reliance on synthetic preservatives in commercial applications.
该研究旨在确定外源褪黑激素在鲜切油桃中的最佳浓度，方法是在 0 °C 和相对湿度（RH）为 85 % - 90 % 的条件下贮藏期间，用不同浓度（0 mM、0.05 mM、0.1 mM 和 0.5 mM，0 mM 为对照）的褪黑激素处理后，评估其质量属性。此外，还利用最佳褪黑素处理浓度和对照组分析了其对鲜切油桃抗氧化能力和组织微观结构的影响。结果表明，0.1 mM 褪黑激素是保持鲜切油桃主要理化品质的最有效处理浓度。贮藏 12 天后，与对照组相比，0.1 mM 褪黑素处理组的总酚含量和抗坏血酸含量分别显著增加了 4.09 % 和 5.78 %，组织微观结构也得到了更好的保持。此外，与对照组相比，治疗组的 MDA 含量降低了 23.82%，H2O2 含量降低了 39.31%，超氧阴离子含量降低了 34.26%。此外，褪黑素还能抑制微生物的生长，提高鲜切油桃的抗氧化能力。此外，0.1 mM 褪黑激素处理降低了 POD 和 PPO 酶的基因表达和活性，而提高了 PAL 和 CHS 酶的基因表达和活性。这些研究结果表明，0.1 毫摩尔褪黑激素不仅能延缓鲜切油桃的褐变，还能提高其抗氧化能力和贮藏质量，突出了其作为一种有效的采后处理策略的潜力，从而减少商业应用中对合成防腐剂的依赖。
{"title":"The efficacy of soaking fresh-cut nectarines in melatonin concentrations and its effect on antioxidant capacity microbial content and storage quality","authors":"Wenhan Li, Xihong Li, Haifen Wang, Zhaojun Ban, Xiangzheng Yang, Junhua Wang, Yanfang Pan, Yao Tang, Ziyun Liu, Yuqian Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113792","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to identify the optimal concentration of exogenous melatonin for fresh-cut nectarines by evaluating their quality attributes during storage at 0 °C with relative humidity (RH) of 85 % - 90 % after treatments with different concentrations (0 mM, 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM, and 0.5 mM, with 0 mM as the control). Furthermore, the optimal melatonin treatment concentration and control were used to analyze its effects on antioxidant capacity and tissue microstructure of fresh-cut nectarines. The results indicated that 0.1 mM melatonin was the most effective treatment concentration for maintaining the primary physicochemical qualities of the fresh-cut nectarines. On 12 d of the storage, the 0.1 mM melatonin-treated group showed significant increases of 4.09 % in total phenolic content and 5.78 % in ascorbic acid compared to the control group, with more retained tissue microstructure. Additionally, the treatment was observed with a reduction of 23.82 % in MDA content, 39.31 % in H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> content, and 34.26 % in superoxide anion levels, compared with the control. Moreover, the melatonin treatment inhibited the microbial growth and enhanced the antioxidant capacity of fresh-cut nectarines. Furthermore, 0.1 mM melatonin treatment reduced the gene expression and activity of POD and PPO enzymes, while increased the gene expression and activity of PAL and CHS enzymes. These findings demonstrate that 0.1 mM melatonin not only delays browning in fresh-cut nectarines but also improves their antioxidant capacity and storage quality, highlighting its potential as an effective post-harvest treatment strategy for reducing the reliance on synthetic preservatives in commercial applications.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nitrogen (N) is essential for the growth and development of tea plants, and ammonium (NH<ce:inf loc="post">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc="post">+</ce:sup>) and nitrate (NO<ce:inf loc="post">3</ce:inf><ce:sup loc="post">-</ce:sup>) are crucial N sources for tea yield and amino acid contents. However, the uptake and utilization of different N forms in tea plants are different. Reasonable N form is an important means to enhance the growth and development of tea plants. Therefore, supplying suitable N forms may be effective way to optimize N use efficiency. A hydroponic trial was conducted with 'Chuancha No.2′ (CC) and 'Emeiwenchun' (EW) tea cultivars with N form treatments: NH<ce:inf loc="post">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc="post">+</ce:sup> and NO<ce:inf loc="post">3</ce:inf><ce:sup loc="post">-</ce:sup>. The results showed that there were significant difference in the NH<ce:inf loc="post">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc="post">+</ce:sup>/NO<ce:inf loc="post">3</ce:inf><ce:sup loc="post">-</ce:sup> uptake kinetics, dynamic changes in <ce:sup loc="post">15</ce:sup>N abundance, enzyme activities, and related gene expression in N metabolism between CC and EW after NH<ce:inf loc="post">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc="post">+</ce:sup>/NO<ce:inf loc="post">3</ce:inf><ce:sup loc="post">-</ce:sup> treatment. In CC and EW, NH<ce:inf loc="post">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc="post">+</ce:sup> and NO<ce:inf loc="post">3</ce:inf><ce:sup loc="post">-</ce:sup> uptake followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics at low N concentrations (< 1 mmol <ce:small-caps>l</ce:small-caps><ce:sup loc="post">-1</ce:sup>), but CC exhibited a slightly higher uptake rate than EW when supplied with 2 mmol <ce:small-caps>l</ce:small-caps><ce:sup loc="post">-1</ce:sup> NH<ce:inf loc="post">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc="post">+</ce:sup>. In a 0–24 h <ce:sup loc="post">15</ce:sup>N tracing experiment, CC roots accumulated <ce:sup loc="post">15</ce:sup>N faster than EW under NH<ce:inf loc="post">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc="post">+</ce:sup>. NH<ce:inf loc="post">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc="post">+</ce:sup>-fed CC exhibited higher GS activities and higher expression levels of <ce:italic>CsAMTs</ce:italic> and genes involved in N utilization, such as <ce:italic>CsNR, CsGS2, CsGDH1</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>CsTS1</ce:italic>, compared to EW. When NO<ce:inf loc="post">3</ce:inf><ce:sup loc="post">-</ce:sup> was provided, EW roots accumulated more <ce:sup loc="post">15</ce:sup>N than CC roots from 8 to 24 h, which could be attributed to the higher NR activities and higher expression levels of <ce:italic>CsNRT1.5, CsNR, CsGS1.1</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>CsGS1.2</ce:italic> than those in CC. In summary, the two tea varieties exhibited distinct characteristics of N uptake and utilization, as well as gene expression patterns under NH<ce:inf loc="post">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc="post">+</ce:sup>/NO<ce:inf loc="post">3</ce:inf><ce:sup loc="post">-</ce:sup> treatments. CC demonstrated an advantage in NH<ce:inf loc="post">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc="post">+</ce:sup> upta
氮（N）对茶树的生长发育至关重要，而铵（NH4+）和硝酸盐（NO3-）是茶叶产量和氨基酸含量的关键氮源。然而，茶树对不同形态氮的吸收和利用是不同的。合理的氮形态是促进茶树生长发育的重要手段。因此，提供合适的氮形态可能是优化氮利用效率的有效方法。本研究以 "川茶 2 号"（CC）和 "峨眉文春"（EW）为茶树品种，进行了氮形态处理的水培试验：NH4+ 和 NO3-。结果表明，NH4+/NO3-处理后，CC和EW对NH4+/NO3-的吸收动力学、15N丰度的动态变化、酶活性以及氮代谢相关基因的表达均存在显著差异。在低氮浓度（< 1 mmol l-1）下，CC和EW对NH4+和NO3-的吸收遵循Michaelis-Menten动力学，但在提供2 mmol l-1 NH4+时，CC的吸收率略高于EW。在 0-24 h 15N 追踪实验中，在 NH4+ 条件下，CC 根系积累 15N 的速度比 EW 快。与 EW 相比，NH4+喂养的 CC 表现出更高的 GS 活性和更高的 CsAMTs 以及参与氮利用的基因（如 CsNR、CsGS2、CsGDH1 和 CsTS1）表达水平。当提供NO3-时，EW根系在8-24 h内比CC根系积累了更多的15N，这可能是由于EW根系比CC根系具有更高的NR活性和更高的CsNRT1.5、CsNR、CsGS1.1和CsGS1.2的表达水平。总之，在 NH4+/NO3- 处理下，两个茶树品种表现出不同的氮吸收和利用特征以及基因表达模式。CC在NH4+吸收和同化方面表现出优势，而EW则在NO3-方面表现出优势。
{"title":"Nitrogen form differently modulates nitrogen uptake and utilization and related gene expression between two tea cultivars","authors":"Dandan Tang, Zhen Jin, Lu Long, Zhongyue Zhang, Yanjuan Yang, Xiaoqin Tan, Chunjing Yang, Wei Chen, Liqiang Tan, Qian Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113804","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen (N) is essential for the growth and development of tea plants, and ammonium (NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup>) and nitrate (NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">-</ce:sup>) are crucial N sources for tea yield and amino acid contents. However, the uptake and utilization of different N forms in tea plants are different. Reasonable N form is an important means to enhance the growth and development of tea plants. Therefore, supplying suitable N forms may be effective way to optimize N use efficiency. A hydroponic trial was conducted with 'Chuancha No.2′ (CC) and 'Emeiwenchun' (EW) tea cultivars with N form treatments: NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup> and NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">-</ce:sup>. The results showed that there were significant difference in the NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup>/NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">-</ce:sup> uptake kinetics, dynamic changes in <ce:sup loc=\"post\">15</ce:sup>N abundance, enzyme activities, and related gene expression in N metabolism between CC and EW after NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup>/NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">-</ce:sup> treatment. In CC and EW, NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup> and NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">-</ce:sup> uptake followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics at low N concentrations (< 1 mmol <ce:small-caps>l</ce:small-caps><ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup>), but CC exhibited a slightly higher uptake rate than EW when supplied with 2 mmol <ce:small-caps>l</ce:small-caps><ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup> NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup>. In a 0–24 h <ce:sup loc=\"post\">15</ce:sup>N tracing experiment, CC roots accumulated <ce:sup loc=\"post\">15</ce:sup>N faster than EW under NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup>. NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup>-fed CC exhibited higher GS activities and higher expression levels of <ce:italic>CsAMTs</ce:italic> and genes involved in N utilization, such as <ce:italic>CsNR, CsGS2, CsGDH1</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>CsTS1</ce:italic>, compared to EW. When NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">-</ce:sup> was provided, EW roots accumulated more <ce:sup loc=\"post\">15</ce:sup>N than CC roots from 8 to 24 h, which could be attributed to the higher NR activities and higher expression levels of <ce:italic>CsNRT1.5, CsNR, CsGS1.1</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>CsGS1.2</ce:italic> than those in CC. In summary, the two tea varieties exhibited distinct characteristics of N uptake and utilization, as well as gene expression patterns under NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup>/NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">-</ce:sup> treatments. CC demonstrated an advantage in NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup> upta","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113787
Sijia Chen, Tijmen Kerstens, Baltasar Zepeda, Theoharis Ouzounis, Sebastian Olschowski, Leo F.M. Marcelis, Ep Heuvelink
Supplementary lighting is necessary for year-round greenhouse production of fruit vegetables in high-latitude regions. Far-red (FR) radiation can influence plant photomorphogenesis as well as photosynthesis. We aimed to identify the effects of supplementary FR on fruit set and yield of sweet pepper, and its underlying mechanisms via a yield component analysis. A 24-week greenhouse experiment was conducted with cultivars 'Gialte' and 'Margrethe', where FR was added to 190 μmol·m−2·s−1 of white supplementary light in four treatments: 0, 50 or 100 μmol·m−2·s−1 FR throughout the whole generative growth phase (since 8 weeks after transplanting), or 100 μmol·m−2·s−1 FR for only four weeks (12 to 16 weeks after transplanting). Fruit yield increased linearly with the cumulative amount of FR provided in supplementary light. The increased fruit dry weight with additional FR was mainly associated with an increased plant dry weight, accompanied by a marginal increase in the fraction of dry matter partitioned to fruits. The increase in plant dry weight resulted from an increased light use efficiency (plant dry weight per unit of supplementary photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) incident on top of the canopy) and an increased incident PAR (due to taller plants closer to the lamps). However, additional FR reduced radiation use efficiency (plant dry weight per unit of supplementary PAR plus FR incident on top of the canopy), indicating that additional FR was used less efficiently than PAR for biomass production. Additional FR enhanced fruit set percentage and fruit set fluctuations over time, where both long-term and short-term FR application elevated the subsequent fruit set peak after the start of FR application. Without additional FR, 17 % fruits in 'Gialte' and 25 % in 'Margrethe' showed medium or severe cracking. Additional FR substantially reduced this percentage to 8 % in both cultivars. We conclude that additional FR improves sweet pepper fruit set and yield in greenhouses, mainly by enhancing plant source strength.
{"title":"Additional far-red increases fruit yield of greenhouse sweet pepper mainly through enhancing plant source strength","authors":"Sijia Chen, Tijmen Kerstens, Baltasar Zepeda, Theoharis Ouzounis, Sebastian Olschowski, Leo F.M. Marcelis, Ep Heuvelink","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113787","url":null,"abstract":"Supplementary lighting is necessary for year-round greenhouse production of fruit vegetables in high-latitude regions. Far-red (FR) radiation can influence plant photomorphogenesis as well as photosynthesis. We aimed to identify the effects of supplementary FR on fruit set and yield of sweet pepper, and its underlying mechanisms via a yield component analysis. A 24-week greenhouse experiment was conducted with cultivars 'Gialte' and 'Margrethe', where FR was added to 190 μmol·<ce:italic>m</ce:italic><ce:sup loc=\"post\">−2</ce:sup>·<ce:italic>s</ce:italic><ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> of white supplementary light in four treatments: 0, 50 or 100 μmol·<ce:italic>m</ce:italic><ce:sup loc=\"post\">−2</ce:sup>·<ce:italic>s</ce:italic><ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> FR throughout the whole generative growth phase (since 8 weeks after transplanting), or 100 μmol·<ce:italic>m</ce:italic><ce:sup loc=\"post\">−2</ce:sup>·<ce:italic>s</ce:italic><ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> FR for only four weeks (12 to 16 weeks after transplanting). Fruit yield increased linearly with the cumulative amount of FR provided in supplementary light. The increased fruit dry weight with additional FR was mainly associated with an increased plant dry weight, accompanied by a marginal increase in the fraction of dry matter partitioned to fruits. The increase in plant dry weight resulted from an increased light use efficiency (plant dry weight per unit of supplementary photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) incident on top of the canopy) and an increased incident PAR (due to taller plants closer to the lamps). However, additional FR reduced radiation use efficiency (plant dry weight per unit of supplementary PAR plus FR incident on top of the canopy), indicating that additional FR was used less efficiently than PAR for biomass production. Additional FR enhanced fruit set percentage and fruit set fluctuations over time, where both long-term and short-term FR application elevated the subsequent fruit set peak after the start of FR application. Without additional FR, 17 % fruits in 'Gialte' and 25 % in 'Margrethe' showed medium or severe cracking. Additional FR substantially reduced this percentage to 8 % in both cultivars. We conclude that additional FR improves sweet pepper fruit set and yield in greenhouses, mainly by enhancing plant source strength.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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