Uses of Dupilumab in Dermatology: A Systematic Review of the Randomized Controlled Trials

Abstract

Background

Dupilumab has shown promise as a therapeutic option in dermatology, particularly in conditions like atopic dermatitis (AD), prurigo nodularis, and alopecia areata. This systematic review aimed to analyze the efficacy, safety, and benefits of dupilumab based on findings from placebo-controlled trials in dermatological conditions.

Study Aim

The objective was to systematically review placebo-controlled trials evaluating dupilumab in dermatological conditions and analyze the outcomes related to efficacy, safety, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs).

Methodology

A comprehensive search was conducted in electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science) using keywords related to “dupilumab,” “dermatology,” “randomized controlled trial,” and “placebo.” Inclusion criteria encompassed randomized controlled trials comparing dupilumab against placebo, reporting relevant outcomes, and excluding non-randomized studies or those with interventions other than dupilumab.

Results

The review included nine placebo-controlled trials with a total sample size of 6797 participants. Dupilumab demonstrated significant improvements in clinical severity, PROs, anxiety/depression symptoms, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) compared to placebo in patients with moderate-to-severe AD. In prurigo nodularis, dupilumab showed significant improvements in pruritus and nodule reduction compared to placebo. Promising results were observed in alopecia areata, particularly in patients with high baseline IgE levels, with improvements in SALT scores and hair regrowth. PROs such as itch, sleep, mental health, and overall quality of life were improved with dupilumab, especially with the 300 mg dose regimens.

Conclusion

The findings from placebo-controlled trials support the efficacy and safety of dupilumab in dermatological conditions, including AD, prurigo nodularis, and alopecia areata. Dupilumab appears to be a valuable therapeutic option, with potential benefits in improving clinical outcomes and PROs. Further research is warranted to explore its efficacy in other conditions and optimize dosing regimens for personalized treatment approaches.