Numerical study of vector solitons with the oscillatory phase backgrounds in the integrable coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations

Abstract

In this paper, we numerically investigate vector solitons with oscillatory phase backgrounds in the integrable coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations, which are widely applied to varieties of physical contexts such as the simultaneous propagation of nonlinear optical pulses and the dynamics of two-components Bose–Einstein condensates. We develop the time-splitting Chebyshev–Galerkin method based on a transformation to accurately compute the vector soliton solutions. Compared to the finite difference method, numerical experiments show that the method with spectral accuracy and high efficiency is necessary for simulating the dynamics evolution of vector solitons. Combined with modulation instability conditions, linear stability analysis and direct numerical simulation, we reveal that the bright-dark and dark-dark solitons with various combinations of parameters under perturbations have qualitative differences. Particularly, vector solitons in unstable background with different wave numbers present distinct dynamics evolutions. The results help us to understand soliton dynamics with oscillatory phase backgrounds and the superposition between nonlinear waves.