Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Physically Fit Young Patients Sans Comorbidities Who Recently Recovered from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Abstract

Introduction and objective: Multiple studies showed that patients with a severe course of COVID-19 may develop cardiovascular complications. Assessment of the incidence of myocardial injury in young, physically fit male patients with no comorbidities, and asymptomatic/mild course of the disease who recovered from COVID-19.

Material and methods: A prospective, single-center, observational cohort study of 75 young (median[IQR] age 22 years) physically fit male patients, without comorbidities and smoking who recently recovered from COVID-19. Results were compared with a control group of age-matched, physically fit men with no comorbidities who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2.

Results: 19(25%) patients had possible COVID-19 related myocardial injury[PCRMI] on cardiovascular magnetic resonance [CMR] including definitive myocarditis (n=1;1.3%) and possible myocarditis (n=3;4%). Other abnormalities: mildly decreased (<50%) left ventricular(LV) ejection fraction (n=4;5%), increased LV end-diastolic volume index (n=8;11%) and LV mass index (n=9;12%). Patients with PCRMI had higher NT-pro-BNP level (29 vs 20pg/mL respectively, P=0.02) and lower LV ejection fraction (55% vs 59% respectively, P=0.03). PCRMI was demonstrated in 3(27%) volunteers from the control group based on the presence of LGE (2/18%) and decreased LV ejection fraction (1/9%). No volunteer from the control group was diagnosed with definitive or possible myocarditis.

Conclusions: PCRMI was a frequent finding in young, asymptomatic, physically-fit patients sans comorbidities relatively late after recovery from COVID-19. Whereas no definitive or possible myocarditis was found in the control group, LGE was relatively frequent suggesting that our findings might not be COVID-19 specific. This warrants a need for further investigation into the long-term cardiovascular consequences of COVID-19.