Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine最新文献

Using deep learning and neural networks enables us to greatly speed-up quantitative studies and provide a useful tool for analyzing microscopic images. Studies conducted on selected algae Haematococcus and Coelastrum sp. confirm the feasibility of using the deep learning neural network. The confusion matrix demonstrated the numbers of errors generated by the YOLO v8 network in relation to the validation dataset. It indicated a higher number of errors in the detection of Haematococcus than Coleastrum. The F1 score, as the harmonic mean of precision and recall, is significantly higher for the class Coelastrum sp. than for Haematococcus sp. Machine learning can be applied not only to the detection of individual cells, but also to the detection of colonies over a wide range of sizes. This article discussed the technical and practical aspects of implementing these advanced methods and highlighted their importance in the aquaculture, food, medical, sustainable energy, and environmental sectors.

Introduction and objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is distinguished by recurrent partial or complete obstruction of the upper airways during sleep. The prevalence of OSA worldwide is estimated at 3-24% of the general population. Patients with OSA are predisposed to having endothelial dysfunction due to different mechanisms. The aim of a study was to assess the impact of 3 -month CPAP treatment on microcirculation among patients with OSA, and to determine changes in blood pressure after implemented therapy.

Material and methods: The study included 30 patients with newly-diagnosed OSA. Microcirculation assessment was performed by Laser Doppler Flowmetry before and 3 months after implementation of CPAP therapy. Patients were also asked to perform measurements of blood pressure twice, 7 days prior to the appointment.

Results: Improvement was observed in selected PORH parameters, such as AH, which was significantly increased after 3 months of treatment of CPAP (p<0.05). There was also a significant decrease in the RL/BZ parameter. Other PORH parameters did not differ significantly. Blood pressure, both diastolic and systolic, significantly decreased after therapy.

Conclusions: Current study does not exactly explain the accurate mechanism underlying the changes of PORH after CPAP treatment among patients with OSA. However, it was demonstrated that 3 months adequate treatment improved endothelial function among the studied group. Assessment of microcirculation by LDF PORH protocol is a promising method, due to simplicity for the examinator, and non-invasive procedure. Due to the small study group, further investigation of microcirculation among patients with OSA should be performed, including the influence of co-morbidities and medications intake.

Introduction and objective: Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), is a critical complication in orthopaedic surgery, significantly contributing to patient mortality. The review evaluates the impact of nursing knowledge and engagement in the early detection of thromboembolic complications and mortality rates in trauma-orthopaedic wards, emphasizing the importance of the education of nurses and VTE prophylaxis.

Review methods: A systematic review was conducted using Google Scholar and PubMed, focusing on articles published between 2013-2023. Studies assessing nurses' knowledge and practices regarding VTE, using surveys, questionnaires, and patient observations were included. Data from 276 orthopaedic patients hospitalized between 2012-2020 were also analyzed.

Brief description of the state of knowledge: The review indicates that thromboembolic complications are a leading cause of mortality among orthopaedic patients. Nursing education and awareness in VTE prevention vary significantly. Standardized risk assessment tools, such as the Autar and Wells scales, are crucial for early VTE detection. The nurse-to-patient ratio (NTP) is critical, with better NTP ratios correlating with improved outcomes. The data showed significant differences in mortality rates between patients with confirmed PE and those without, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring and advanced diagnostic techniques.

Summary: The review underscores the crucial role of nursing staff in the early detection and prevention of VTE in orthopaedic patients. Despite advancements in prophylaxis, the quality of nursing education and adherence to VTE prevention protocols remain pivotal. Improving nurse training and optimizing the NTP ratio in hospitals are essential for reducing VTE-related mortality.

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a granulomatous interstitial disease that develops in genetically predisposed individuals as a result of an immune response to inhaled antigens. The case is presented of a 56-year-old male with HP with fibrosis, accompanied by severe respiratory failure (requiring HFNOT), significant oedema of the lower extremities, and a large amount of fluid in the right pleural cavity. The patient was initially in circulatory and respiratory failure, requiring infusion of catecholamines. During hospitalization thoracocentesis was performed, complicated by pneumothorax/lung expansion failure. Angio-CT revealed a pulmonary embolism. Targeted antibiotic therapy with voriconazole, meropenem and colistin, as well as bedside rehabilitation, resulted in the stabilization of the patient and improvement of his general condition. The patient was discharged home in a stable condition with the recommendation of home oxygen therapy.

Introduction and objective: Children suffering from cancer or other blood disorders have a good chance of recovery. Interruptions in treatment, however, may have a negative impact on the final outcome. External factors, such as evacuation from conflict zones, contribute to vulnerability to infections and constitute a factor for the discontinuation of therapy. The aim of the review is to present recent knowledge of catheter-related sepsis and tuberculosis (TB) in children with acute leukemia. The case is also presented of an adolescent male of Ukrainian origin. The study draws attention to the challenges in treating patients from other regions due to differences in health status.

Review methods: The article presents a rare case report connected with a literature review, based on the Google Scholar, PubMed and Web of Science databases from recent years.

Brief description of the state of knowledge: Many factors increase susceptibility to infections. Both leukemia itself as well as its intensive therapy influence immunosuppression. Invasive procedures disrupt physiological barriers. The presence of a central or peripheral catheter poses a main source of bloodstream infection. Deficiencies of immunity are conducive to reactivation of latent diseases such as TB, to which children are prone to develop severe forms. Therefore, treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI) in paediatric patients is crucial. In diagnosis, vigilance is particularly important in patients coming from high incidence regions with low vaccine coverage.

Summary: Discontinuation of therapy due to infection or other external circumstances may contribute to treatment failure. Early detection is significant to prevent complications of diseases and interruptions in chemotherapy. In medical care for immigrants, the epidemiological situation of the country of origin should be taken into account.

Introduction and objective: Lumbar-sacral spine pain is becoming a civilization problem in highly developed countries. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of the frequency and number of physiotherapy treatments in a cycle on pain sensation, and on changes in mobility and muscle tension in subacute and chronic lumbar-sacral spine pain.

Material and methods: A total of 100 patients (50 women and 50 men) were included in the study and assigned to two groups. It was found that extending the cycle of physiotherapy treatments by reducing their frequency and number and using manual therapy as a special kinesitherapy method produced better results in reducing pain sensation, compared to using physiotherapy treatments every day for two weeks using traditional kinesitherapy in patients with subacute and chronic lumbar-sacral spine pain.

Results: These methods increased lumbar spine mobility compared to daily physiotherapy for two weeks using traditional kinesitherapy in patients with subacute and chronic low back pain, reduced resting muscle tension compared to daily physiotherapy for two weeks using traditional kinesitherapy in patients with subacute and chronic low back pain, and resulted in better quality of life scores compared to daily physiotherapy for two weeks using traditional kinesitherapy in patients with subacute and chronic low back pain. Objective tests, such as assessment of spine mobility using an inclinometer and assessment of paraspinal muscle tension using transcutaneous electromyography, were used to verify subjective results.

Conclusions: In patients with subacute and chronic low back pain, the frequency and number of physiotherapy sessions should be verified to optimize clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of therapy.

Introduction and objective: We are witnessing a revolution in the field of telemedicine, which has begun to be used in every medical specialty. The aim of the review is to identify and summarise ethical and communication challenges related to the development of telemedicine in Poland.

Review methods: Scientific articles found in the electronic databases PubMed and ScienceDirect were analyzed using key words: telemedicine; Distance Counseling; e-Health Service and Digital Health Technology. Guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO), the American Telemedicine Association (ATA) and the General Medical Council (GMC) were taken into account. Data is presented on e-services of the Ministry of Health, the E-Health Centre and National Health Fund.

Brief description of the state of knowledge: According to data from the National Health Fund, since 2020, the percentage of online consultation provided in Primary Health Care and Specialist Outpatient Care has been decreasing. In Poland, the potential resulting from the development of e-services is still untapped. The introduction of e-prescription and e-referral is convenient for the patient and staff, but does not have a health effect.

Summary: In order to improve the efficiency of the health care system, it is necessary to focus on the further development of new e-services. It is worth introducing solutions that allow the use of medical data and test results to relieve the patient of the burden of transferring medical records to subsequent doctors. It is necessary to develop a standard for the provision of teleconsultations in order to eliminate pathological prescription issuance through online platforms providing consultations. Remote provision of medical services also requires further development of the digital competences of both staff and patients.

Introduction and objective: Despite a significant improvement in the diagnosis and treatment of renal cell carcinoma over the past two decades, this cancer still remains one of the most lethal urological neoplasms.

Review methods: Databases were searched using the keywords: 'RCC', 'MMP', 'TIMP', 'signaling pathway', and 'pathophysiological'. The titles of these entries were analyzed to assess complementarity, obtaining 721 entries. Relevance was then assessed by analyzing the abstracts, and 387 entries were selected. Based on criteria such as number of citations, research methods, sample size and representativeness, 248 references were finally selected. Finally, 181 items were included in the literature.

Brief description of the state of knowledge: Extracellular matrix metalloproteinases plays an important role in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix. They participate in the initiation and regulation of inflammatory and carcinogenic processes.

Summary: The analysis of available literature shows that, from a biochemical point of view, the most important influence on the development of renal cell carcinoma and the formation of metastases is the imbalance between the activity of metalloproteinases and the concentration of their tissue inhibitors. Hope for the future lies in monoclonal antibodies used to selectively block individual metalloproteinases, which may be of particula importance in highly vascularized tumours, which undoubtedly include renal cell carcinoma. Additionally, assessment of metalloproteinases activity could assist in selecting patients for surgical treatment or active surveillance.

Introduction: Neoehrlichia mikurensis is an emerging pathogen increasingly detected in ticks, animals, and humans. The study aimed to investigate the presence and phylogenetic diversity of Ixodes ricinus ticks in the Subcarpathian Region.

Material and methods: Of the 412 ticks collected from forest and meadow habitats, 240 specimens underwent molecular analysis for presence of N. mikurensis using microfluidic real-time PCR. Selected amplicons were sequenced to preform phylogenetic analysis of the groEL gene.

Results: N. mikurensis infection was confirmed in 6.35% of female and 2.38% of male ticks, with no significant differences in the prevalence between habitats. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a low genetic diversity N. mikurensis.

Conclusions: The findings confirm the infection of I. ricinus ticks with N. mikurensis in the studied region. The studied N. mikurensis groEL gene sequences showed low genetic variation, identical to other populations in Poland and Europe.

Granular cell tumour (GCT) or Abrikossoff tumour, is a rare submucosal neoplasm orginating from Schwann cells, and accounts for 0.03% of all submucusal tumours. Only 8% of GCTs occur in the gastrointestinal tract, mostly in the esophagus. Diagnosis of granular cell tumour is exceptionally rare. The case is presented of a 72-year-old female patient who underwent polypectomy of a colon polyp which, in the histopathology report, appeared to be a granular cell tumour. The possibility of granular cell tumour diagnosis which is extremly rare, is discussed. However, 2% of these tumours are malignant. It is very important to establish the diagnosis as early as possible. The patient was admitted to the Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic due to a hepatic vascular lesion. She did not present any symptoms of granular cell tumour. A complete resection of the granular cell tumour fortunately confirmed it to be benign.