Simultaneous modulation of pulse charge and burst period elicits two differentiable referred sensations.

T R Benigni, A E Pena, S S Kuntaegowdanahalli, J J Abbas, R Jung
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Abstract

Objective.To investigate the feasibility of delivering multidimensional feedback using a single channel of peripheral nerve stimulation by complementing intensity percepts with flutter frequency percepts controlled by burst period modulation.Approach.Two dimensions of a distally referred sensation were provided simultaneously: intensity was conveyed by the modulation of the pulse charge rate inside short discrete periods of stimulation referred to as bursts and frequency was conveyed by the modulation of the period between bursts. For this approach to be feasible, intensity percepts must be perceived independently of frequency percepts. Two experiments investigated these interactions. A series of two alternative forced choice tasks (2AFC) were used to investigate burst period modulation's role in intensity discernibility. Magnitude estimation tasks were used to determine any interactions in the gradation between the frequency and intensity percepts.Main results.The 2AFC revealed that burst periods can be individually differentiated as a gradable frequency percept in peripheral nerve stimulation. Participants could correctly rate a perceptual scale of intensity and frequency regardless of the value of the second, but the dependence of frequency differentiability on charge rate indicates that frequency was harder to detect with weaker intensity percepts. The same was not observed in intensity differentiability as the length of burst periods did not significantly alter intensity differentiation. These results suggest multidimensional encoding is a promising approach for increasing information throughput in sensory feedback systems if intensity ranges are selected properly.Significance.This study offers valuable insights into haptic feedback through the peripheral nervous system and demonstrates an encoding approach for neural stimulation that may offer enhanced information transfer in virtual reality applications and sensory-enabled prosthetic systems. This multidimensional encoding strategy for sensory feedback may open new avenues for enriched control capabilities.

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同时调制脉冲电荷和脉冲串周期可产生两种不同的感觉。
目的 研究使用单通道外周神经刺激提供多维反馈的可行性,方法是通过突发周期调制控制的扑动频率感知来补充强度感知。 方法 同时提供远端指涉感觉的两个维度:强度通过调制脉冲电荷率传递给短的离散刺激周期(称为突发),频率通过调制突发之间的周期传递。要使这种方法可行,强度感知必须独立于频率感知。有两个实验对这些相互作用进行了研究。我们使用了一系列两组强迫选择任务(2AFC)来研究脉冲串周期调制在强度可辨性中的作用。幅值估计任务用于确定频率和强度感知之间渐变的交互作用。 2AFC显示,在周围神经刺激中,突发周期可以作为一种可渐变的频率感知单独区分出来。无论第二项的数值如何,参与者都能正确评定强度和频率的知觉等级,但频率可区分性与电荷率的关系表明,强度知觉较弱时,频率较难检测到。在强度可区分性方面没有观察到同样的情况,因为脉冲串周期的长度并不会显著改变强度可区分性。这些结果表明,如果强度范围选择得当,多维编码是在感觉反馈系统中提高信息吞吐量的一种有前途的方法。这种感官反馈的多维编码策略可能会为丰富控制能力开辟新的途径。
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