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A study of cortical activation and corticomuscular coupling enhancement following pre-task electrical stimulation in motor imagery. 运动意象任务前电刺激后皮质激活和皮质肌耦合增强的研究。
IF 3.8 Pub Date : 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ae3e17
Xiaoyang Suo, Weida Li, Xiaojian Liao, Yuli Wu, Hongmiao Zhang

Objective. Motor imagery (MI)-based brain-computer interfaces have been extensively studied. However, their widespread application is limited by the difficulty in extracting motor intentions from electroencephalography (EEG) signals, leading to low recognition rates. Additionally, the phenomenon of MI blindness in some individuals further limits its applicability. Previous studies have attempted to improve MI ability through electrical stimulation (ES). However, applying ES during MI may introduce EEG artifacts and interfere with participants' concentration. The goal of this study is to investigate a new experimental paradigm. The new experimental paradigm improves MI ability through pre-task ES while preventing participant distraction or EEG artifacts.Approach. This study implemented two paradigms: MI with pre-task ES and MI-only. Electrical stimulation was applied over hand muscle groups. Electromyography (EMG) and 64-channel EEG signals were simultaneously recorded under two experimental conditions.Main results. We analyzed cortical activities and correlations between different brain regions under the two experimental conditions. Participants in the MI-ES condition exhibited a higher level of brain activation compared to the MI-Only condition. Additionally, in the MI-ES condition, the correlation between participants' EEG and EMG signals increased after ES, indicating that the activation level of the motor-related cortex increased. A novel convolutional spiking neural network was applied to classify motor intentions, with participants achieving higher accuracy under the MI-ES condition, demonstrating enhanced MI ability through pre-task ES.Significance. This research demonstrates that pre-task ES significantly enhances MI ability, while also increasing cortical activation and corticomuscular coupling without introducing EEG artifacts or attentional interference.

目的:对基于运动图像的脑机接口(MI-BCIs)进行了广泛的研究。然而,由于难以从脑电图(EEG)信号中提取运动意图,导致识别率较低,限制了它们的广泛应用。此外,某些个体的运动意象盲现象进一步限制了其适用性。以前的研究试图通过电刺激来提高运动想象能力。然而,在运动想象过程中应用电刺激可能会引入EEG伪影并干扰参与者的注意力。本研究的目的是探索一种新的实验范式。新的实验范式通过任务前电刺激提高运动想象能力,同时防止参与者分心或脑电图伪影。方法:本研究采用两种范式:任务前电刺激运动意象(MI-ES)和单纯运动意象(MI-Only)。对手部肌肉群进行电刺激。在两种实验条件下同时记录肌电图(EMG)和64通道脑电信号。主要结果:我们分析了两种实验条件下大脑皮层活动和不同脑区之间的相关性。MI-ES条件下的参与者比MI-Only条件下的参与者表现出更高水平的大脑激活。此外,在MI-ES条件下,电刺激后参与者的EEG和EMG信号的相关性增加,表明运动相关皮层的激活水平增加。采用一种新颖的卷积尖峰神经网络对运动意图进行分类,在MI-ES条件下,参与者获得了更高的准确率,表明通过任务前电刺激增强了运动意象能力。意义:本研究表明,在不引入脑电信号伪影或注意干扰的情况下,任务前电刺激可显著增强运动想象能力,同时增加皮层激活和皮质肌耦合。
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引用次数: 0
A physics-based rigid-body model of motion-induced electromagnetic harmonic artifacts in surface biosignals. 表面生物信号中运动诱发电磁谐波伪影的物理刚体模型。
IF 3.8 Pub Date : 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ae3d66
Hyuk Oh

Motion-induced electromagnetic interference remains a major obstacle to the accurate interpretation of surface-recorded biosignals collected during movement. This study presented a physics-based rigid-body model that integrated electromagnetic theory with a kinematic framework to describe the generation of motion-induced artifacts in surface biosignals through electromagnetic induction. The model was derived from Faraday's law and a 6D rigid-body kinematic formulation, which coupled rotational and translational motion to spatial magnetic-field gradients and curvature. This formulation predicted that any conductive loop moving within a nonuniform magnetic field produced a time-varying electromotive force (EMF) determined by the interaction between motion, field geometry, and sensor orientation. To illustrate and validate the theoretical model, computational simulations reproduced treadmill locomotion under two conditions: (1) an idealized fixed-cadence case with time-invariant field gradients, and (2) a realistic varying-cadence case incorporating stride-to-stride jitter and event-related spectral perturbation baseline correction. The simulated EMF spectra exhibited motion-locked harmonic patterns extending up to 15 Hz with electrode-dependent variations in magnitude and broadened harmonic envelopes, closely matching empirical treadmill electroencephalography spectra. Accelerometer spectra displayed broader harmonic content up to 50 Hz, consistent with their direct measurement of kinematic oscillations. Quantitative decomposition further revealed that rotational motion dominated the induced EMF, with smaller, electrode-dependent contributions from translation. Robustness analyses indicated that dominant harmonic structure is preserved under multi-axis kinematics and increased magnetic-field complexity, with greater sensitivity confined to weaker higher-order components. These results demonstrated that harmonic contamination could emerge naturally from rigid-body motion in a spatially varying magnetic field, providing a physics-based foundation for interpreting motion artifacts in surface electrical potentials and motivating practical mitigation strategies that incorporate motion and magnetic-field measurements. Through principled understanding and physics-based modeling of motion-induced electromagnetic artifacts, this framework supports interpretation of surface biosignals during movement and motivates the development of mitigation algorithms.

运动引起的电磁干扰仍然是准确解释运动期间收集的表面记录生物信号的主要障碍。本研究提出了一个基于物理的刚体模型,该模型将电磁理论与运动学框架相结合,以描述通过电磁感应在表面生物信号中产生的运动诱导伪影。该模型由法拉第定律和6D刚体运动学公式推导而来,该公式将旋转和平移运动与空间磁场梯度和曲率耦合。该公式预测,在非均匀磁场中移动的任何导电回路都会产生时变电动势(EMF),这是由运动、场几何形状和传感器方向之间的相互作用决定的。 ;为了说明和验证理论模型,计算模拟再现了两种条件下跑步机的运动:(1)具有时不变场梯度的理想固定节奏情况;(2)包含跨步抖动和事件相关谱摄动基线校正的现实变节奏情况。模拟EMF频谱显示出运动锁定的谐波模式,延伸至15 Hz,具有电极依赖性的幅度变化和变宽的谐波包络,与经验跑步机脑电图频谱密切匹配。加速度计的频谱显示出更宽的谐波含量,高达50 Hz,与它们直接测量的运动振荡一致。定量分解进一步表明,旋转运动主导了感应电动势,而平移的电极依赖性贡献较小。鲁棒性分析表明,在多轴运动和磁场复杂性增加的情况下,主导谐波结构保持不变,对较弱的高阶分量具有更高的灵敏度。 ;这些结果表明,在空间变化的磁场中,刚体运动可以自然地产生谐波污染。为解释表面电势中的运动伪影提供物理基础,并激发结合运动和磁场测量的实际缓解策略。通过对运动引起的电磁伪影的原则性理解和基于物理的建模,该框架支持对运动过程中表面生物信号的解释,并促进缓解算法的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Organotypic human brain slice cultures as a translational testing platform for novel neuromodulation devices. 器官型人脑切片培养作为新型神经调节装置的翻译测试平台。
IF 3.8 Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ae34e9
Franz A M Eggert, Berkhan Genc, Sena Nur Arduc, Anouk Wolters, Kim Rijkers, Kristen Kozielski, Yasin Temel, Ali Jahanshahi

Objective.To establish organotypic human brain slice cultures (hBSCs) as a translational screening platform for evaluating novel neuromodulation devices and to demonstrate the feasibility of the model using magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENPs) as a representative neurostimulation modality.Approach.Viable hBSCs were prepared from resected cortical tissue of epilepsy surgery patients and GCaMP-based calcium imaging, multi-electrode array recordings, and immunohistochemical staining for c-Fos were conducted. The MENPs were injected into the hBSCs and stimulated with an alternating magnetic field to assess their neuromodulatory effects.Main Results.GCaMP transduction enables the real-time visualization of MENP-induced neuronal activity. Electrophysiological signals, including spiking and local field potentials, were observed in fresh, but not cultured, slices. c-Fos immunostaining revealed a significant increase in c-Fos expression in stimulated MENP-injected cultures compared to sham-treated controls. This protocol yielded reproducible tissue viability and consistent results across patient-derived samples.Significance.This technical note demonstrates that hBSCs represent a reproducible and ethically preferable translational model suitable for screening applications in neurotechnology research. The platform enables early-stage functional evaluation of neuromodulatory devices, particularly those with a higher risk of failurein vivoor curiosity-driven early-phase concepts in a setting superior to traditionalin vitroapproaches. This platform may help reduce reliance on animal models in neurotechnology development.

摘要目的: ;建立器官型人脑切片培养物(hBSCs)作为评估新型神经调节装置的翻译筛选平台,并证明使用磁电纳米颗粒(MENPs)作为代表性神经刺激方式的模型的可行性。 ;方法: ;从癫痫手术患者切除的皮质组织和基于gcamp的钙成像,多电极阵列(MEA)记录中制备可行的hBSCs。c-Fos进行免疫组化染色。将menp注射到hBSCs中,并用交变磁场刺激来评估其神经调节作用。主要结果:GCaMP的转导可以实时显示menp诱导的神经元活动。在新鲜而非培养的切片中观察到电生理信号,包括尖峰和局部场电位。c-Fos免疫染色显示,与假处理对照组相比,刺激的menp注射培养物中c-Fos表达显著增加。该方案在患者来源的样本中产生了可重复的组织活力和一致的结果。 ;意义: ;该技术说明表明,hBSCs代表了一种可重复的、合乎伦理的转化模型,适用于神经技术研究中的筛选应用。该平台能够对神经调节装置进行早期功能评估,特别是那些在体内失败风险较高的装置,或者在优于传统体外方法的好奇心驱动的早期概念。这个平台可能有助于减少神经技术发展对动物模型的依赖。
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引用次数: 0
Differential effects of focused ultrasound neuromodulation in Parkinson's disease mice versus healthy mice. 聚焦超声神经调节对帕金森病小鼠和健康小鼠的不同影响。
IF 3.8 Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ae4383
Leqi Yang, Kevin Xu, Dingyue Zhang, Andrew Stark, Yimei Yue, Alexxai Kravitz, Yaoheng Yang, Hong Chen

Objective.Focused ultrasound (FUS) neuromodulation holds strong potential for treating neurological disorders, but most preclinical studies have been performed in healthy animal models. How disease states influence the FUS neuromodulation effects remains poorly understood, limiting clinical translation.Approach.We used Parkinson's disease (PD) as a model to compare the calcium and behavioral responses to FUS neuromodulation in healthy and diseased mice. The PD mouse model was the unilateral dopamine depletion model, induced by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine into the left middle forebrain bundle. FUS was targeted at the left external globus pallidus (GPe) in freely moving mice using a wearable device. Calcium activity in the GPe was monitored via fiber photometry, and motor behavior was assessed using video tracking.Main results.In unilateral PD mice, FUS significantly inhibited GPe calcium activity, and this inhibition lasted for ~3 minutes after stimulation. This inhibition was accompanied by motor improvementsas shown by a reduction in ipsilateral circling that lasted for at least 50 minutes after stimulation. In healthy mice, FUS did not significantly change the calcium activity in the GPe and rotational behavior during or after the FUS. Histological analysis revealed no evidence of neuronal damage, astrocytic activation, or microglial proliferation following the FUS.Significance.These findings demonstrate that FUS neuromodulation produces disease-state-dependent effects on calcium activity and behavior, emphasizing the importance of evaluating neuromodulation strategies in relevant disease models for clinical translation.

目标。聚焦超声(FUS)神经调节在治疗神经系统疾病方面具有很强的潜力,但大多数临床前研究都是在健康动物模型中进行的。我们以帕金森病(PD)为模型,比较健康和患病小鼠对FUS神经调节的钙和行为反应。PD小鼠模型为左侧中前脑束注射6-羟多巴胺诱导的单侧多巴胺耗竭模型。使用可穿戴设备将FUS靶向自由运动小鼠的左侧外苍白球(GPe)。通过纤维光度法监测GPe中的钙活性,并通过视频跟踪评估运动行为。主要的结果。在单侧PD小鼠中,FUS显著抑制GPe钙活性,且这种抑制作用在刺激后持续约3分钟。这种抑制伴随着运动的改善,在刺激后持续至少50分钟的同侧旋转减少。在健康小鼠中,FUS并没有显著改变GPe中的钙活性和FUS期间或之后的旋转行为。组织学分析显示,FUS后未出现神经元损伤、星形细胞激活或小胶质细胞增殖的证据。这些发现表明,FUS神经调节对钙活性和行为产生疾病状态依赖性作用,强调了在相关疾病模型中评估神经调节策略对临床转化的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization, implementation, and performance of TMS coils with maximum focality and various stimulation depths. 具有最大聚焦和不同刺激深度的TMS线圈的优化、实现和性能。
IF 3.8 Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ae4382
Luis J Gomez, David Lazar Kalinich Murphy, Lari Koponen, Rena Hamdan, Yiru Li, Eleanor Wood, Jacob Golden, Noreen Bukhari-Parlakturk, Stefan M Goetz, Angel V Peterchev

Objective: Conventional transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coils generate a diffuse and shallow electric field (E-field) in the brain, resulting in limited spatial targeting precision (focality). Previously, we developed a methodology for designing theoretical TMS coils to achieve maximal focality for a given E-field penetration depth and minimize the required energy. This paper presents the practical design, implementation, and characterization of such focal-deep TMS (fdTMS) coils.

Approach: We considered how the coil's shape affects energy requirements and designed a curved "hat" former that enables a wide range of coil placements while improving energy efficiency compared to flat formers. To improve energy efficiency, we introduced optimized-coverage partial-multi-layer windings of the coil. Through simulations with a spherical head model, we benchmarked the focality of the fdTMS E-field in the brain and the scalp, as well as the required energy, against conventional TMS coils. We then implemented two fdTMS coil designs with copper wire wound inside a 3d-printed plastic former.

Main results: The E-field of the prototype fdTMS coils and conventional figure-8 counterparts were simulated in spherical and realistic head models and measured with a robotic probe, confirming a more compact fdTMS E-field. The fdTMS coils were also compared to two commercial coils with motor mapping in nine human subjects, which confirmed improved focality of fdTMS at the cost of greater E-field spread, increased energy loss and heating from the smaller wire diameter positioning constraints of the curved coil surface.

Significance: The study findings inform TMS coil implementation for precise mapping and targeting applications, and the design framework can be leveraged for future coil optimizations.

目的:传统经颅磁刺激(TMS)线圈在脑内产生弥漫性浅层电场(E-field),导致空间定位精度(focality)有限。在此之前,我们开发了一种设计理论TMS线圈的方法,以在给定的电场穿透深度下实现最大聚焦并最小化所需能量。本文介绍了这种焦深TMS (fdTMS)线圈的实际设计、实现和特性。方法:我们考虑了线圈的形状如何影响能量需求,并设计了一个弯曲的“帽子”式成型器,与扁平成型器相比,它可以实现广泛的线圈放置,同时提高能源效率。为了提高能源效率,我们引入了优化覆盖部分多层线圈。通过球形头部模型的模拟,我们比较了fdTMS电磁场在大脑和头皮中的聚焦程度,以及与传统TMS线圈相比所需的能量。然后,我们实施了两个fdTMS线圈设计,铜线缠绕在3d打印塑料前。主要研究结果:在球形和真实头部模型中模拟了fdTMS线圈原型和传统8型线圈的电子场,并用机器人探针进行了测量,证实了fdTMS电子场更紧凑。将fdTMS线圈与9名人体受试者的两种商用电机映射线圈进行比较,证实了fdTMS的聚焦性得到改善,但代价是更大的电场扩散,更小的线圈表面线径定位约束增加了能量损失和加热。意义:研究结果为TMS线圈的精确映射和定位应用提供了信息,并且设计框架可以用于未来的线圈优化。
{"title":"Optimization, implementation, and performance of TMS coils with maximum focality and various stimulation depths.","authors":"Luis J Gomez, David Lazar Kalinich Murphy, Lari Koponen, Rena Hamdan, Yiru Li, Eleanor Wood, Jacob Golden, Noreen Bukhari-Parlakturk, Stefan M Goetz, Angel V Peterchev","doi":"10.1088/1741-2552/ae4382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/ae4382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Conventional transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coils generate a diffuse and shallow electric field (E-field) in the brain, resulting in limited spatial targeting precision (focality). Previously, we developed a methodology for designing theoretical TMS coils to achieve maximal focality for a given E-field penetration depth and minimize the required energy. This paper presents the practical design, implementation, and characterization of such focal-deep TMS (fdTMS) coils.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We considered how the coil's shape affects energy requirements and designed a curved \"hat\" former that enables a wide range of coil placements while improving energy efficiency compared to flat formers. To improve energy efficiency, we introduced optimized-coverage partial-multi-layer windings of the coil. Through simulations with a spherical head model, we benchmarked the focality of the fdTMS E-field in the brain and the scalp, as well as the required energy, against conventional TMS coils. We then implemented two fdTMS coil designs with copper wire wound inside a 3d-printed plastic former.</p><p><strong>Main results: </strong>The E-field of the prototype fdTMS coils and conventional figure-8 counterparts were simulated in spherical and realistic head models and measured with a robotic probe, confirming a more compact fdTMS E-field. The fdTMS coils were also compared to two commercial coils with motor mapping in nine human subjects, which confirmed improved focality of fdTMS at the cost of greater E-field spread, increased energy loss and heating from the smaller wire diameter positioning constraints of the curved coil surface.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>The study findings inform TMS coil implementation for precise mapping and targeting applications, and the design framework can be leveraged for future coil optimizations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146151626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
MorphSys: A branch-aware contrastive learning framework for neuron morphology graphs. MorphSys:一个神经元形态学图的分支感知对比学习框架。
IF 3.8 Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ae4381
Ruoyu Wang, Lufeng Feng, Shifan Jia, Li Duan, Baomin Xu

Objectives: Neuron morphology plays a vital role in defining cellular identity and function, offering valuable insights for cell type classification and neurological disorder diagnosis. However, two main challenges hinder progress: the difficulty of learning meaningful representations from complex, tree-like structures, and the high cost of expert annotation for large-scale datasets.

Approach: To address these challenges, we propose MorphSys, a self-supervised contrastive learning framework that complements a Branch-Aware module and a GNN-based module. We present a branch-level representation of neuron morphology by introducing an Inter-Branch Attention, which captures inter-branch relationships that are overlooked by conventional tree-graph models relying on node-level message passing. We further demonstrate the effectiveness and interpretability of branch-level knowledge in learning meaningful representations of neuron morphology. Meanwhile, our GNN-based module shows a robust ability for various GNN architectures in learning local features of neuron tree graph, where we draw from results that GatedGraphConv with SumPool yields the superior performance.

Main results: Comprehensive experiments on multiple benchmark datasets indicate that MorphSys consistently outperforms existing methods in neuron cell type classification. On the BIL dataset, MorphSys achieves the KNN-Acc of 83.99%, surpassing the previous state-of-the-art by 2.99%. Ablation study is conducted to verify the efficacy of several components of MorphSys, while an in-depth discussion is performed to identify powerful approaches for branch feature extraction.

Significance: These results highlight that MorphSys serves an effective tool for the representation learning of neuron morphology and morphology-driven neuronal analysis.

目的:神经元形态学在确定细胞身份和功能方面起着至关重要的作用,为细胞类型分类和神经系统疾病诊断提供了有价值的见解。然而,两个主要挑战阻碍了进展:从复杂的树状结构中学习有意义的表示的困难,以及大规模数据集的专家注释的高成本。方法:为了解决这些挑战,我们提出了MorphSys,这是一个自我监督的对比学习框架,补充了分支感知模块和基于gnn的模块。我们通过引入分支间注意(Inter-Branch Attention)来呈现神经元形态学的分支级表示,该注意捕获依赖于节点级消息传递的传统树形图模型所忽略的分支间关系。我们进一步证明了分支水平知识在学习神经元形态的有意义表征方面的有效性和可解释性。同时,我们的基于GNN的模块在学习神经元树图的局部特征方面对各种GNN架构表现出强大的能力,其中我们从结果中得出,GatedGraphConv与SumPool产生了优越的性能。主要结果:在多个基准数据集上的综合实验表明,MorphSys在神经元细胞类型分类方面始终优于现有方法。在BIL数据集上,MorphSys达到了83.99%的KNN-Acc,比之前的先进技术高出2.99%。通过消融研究来验证MorphSys的几个组成部分的有效性,同时进行深入的讨论来确定分支特征提取的有效方法。意义:这些结果表明MorphSys是神经元形态表征学习和形态驱动神经元分析的有效工具。
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引用次数: 0
Theoretical and applied research on spatio-temporal graph attention networks for single-trial P300 detection. 单次P300检测的时空图注意网络理论与应用研究。
IF 3.8 Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ae3d68
Junhao Jia, Rong Zhang, Ding Yuan, Dongfang Yu, Penghai Li

Objective.Accurate detection of single-trial P300 ERPs (event-related potentials) is crucial for developing high-performance non-invasive BCIs (brain-computer interfaces). However, this task remains challenging because of the low (signal-to-noise ratio) of EEG (electroencephalography) and the limited ability of existing models to concurrently capture the complex non-Euclidean spatiotemporal dynamics of brain signals.Approach.We propose a novel ST-GraphTRNet (spatiotemporal graph transformer network). This architecture synergistically integrates temporal convolutions for local feature extraction, graph convolutions to explicitly model the neurophysiological spatial relationships between EEG electrodes, and a temporal transformer with a self-attention mechanism to capture global, long-range temporal dependencies across the entire signal.Main results.Extensive evaluation of four public P300 datasets demonstrates that ST-GraphTRNet significantly outperforms (state-of-the-art) benchmarks under both within-subject and cross-subject paradigms. Crucially, interpretability analyzes via (T-distributed Stochastic neighbor embedding) and (Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping) revealed that the model's decisions aligned with established neurophysiological priors, focusing on parietal electrodes approximately 300 ms post-stimulus.Significance.This study provides a powerful and interpretable framework for single-trial ERPs decoding. By effectively integrating the strengths of (convolutional neural networks), (graph neural networks), and Transformers, a new benchmark for building high-accuracy, generalizable, and clinically viable BCIs is established, moving closer to the goal of plug-and-play systems that require minimal user-specific calibration.

目的:准确检测单试验P300 erp(事件相关电位)对于开发高性能无创脑机接口(bci)至关重要。然而,由于EEG(脑电图)的低信噪比(信噪比)和现有模型同时捕获大脑信号复杂的非欧几里得时空动态的能力有限,这项任务仍然具有挑战性。 ;方法:我们提出了一种新的ST-GraphTRNet(时空图变压器网络)。该架构协同集成了用于局部特征提取的时间卷积,用于明确建模EEG电极之间神经生理空间关系的图卷积,以及具有自注意机制的时间转换器,用于捕获整个信号的全局、远程时间依赖性。 ;对四个公共P300数据集的广泛评估表明,ST-GraphTRNet在学科内和跨学科范式下都明显优于SOTA(最先进的)基准。至关重要的是,通过t-SNE (t-分布随机邻居嵌入)和梯度加权类激活映射(梯度加权类激活映射)进行的可解释性分析显示,该模型的决策与既定的神经生理学先验一致,重点关注刺激后约300 ms的顶叶电极。意义:本研究为单次试验erp解码提供了强大的可解释性框架。通过有效地整合cnn(卷积神经网络)、gnn(图神经网络)和transformer的优势,建立了一个构建高精度、可推广和临床可行的脑机接口的新基准,更接近于即插即用系统的目标,该系统需要最少的用户特定校准。 。
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引用次数: 0
Regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces (RPNIs) and implanted electrodes improve online control of prostheses for hand and wrist. 再生周围神经接口(RPNIs)和植入电极改善了手和手腕假体的在线控制。
IF 3.8 Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ae36d2
Dylan M Wallace, Luis Hernan Cubillos, Mira E Mutnick, Alex K Vaskov, Alicia J Davis, Theodore A Kung, Paul S Cederna, Deanna H Gates, Cynthia A Chestek

Objective.Upper limb amputation severely limits daily activities and independence. Current prosthetic control methods often rely on surface electromyography (sEMG), which suffers from low signal quality and limited functionality. This study investigates whether implanted electrodes in regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces (RPNIs) and residual innervated muscles can provide stable and high-quality control signals to improve dexterous prosthetic hand and wrist function.Approach.Two individuals with upper-limb amputation had RPNIs created by suturing free skeletal muscle grafts to peripheral nerves or nerve fascicles in the residual limb. Intramuscular EMG (iEMG) electrodes were implanted into the RPNIs and muscles in the residual limb. EMG signals were recorded from both sEMG and iEMG electrodes and used to control a virtual prosthetic hand + wrist in real time. Performance was assessed through multiple degrees-of-freedom (DoF) control tasks, comparing RPNIs and iEMG against conventional sEMG.Main Results.Implanted electrodes demonstrated high signal-to-noise ratios and long-term stability, enabling independent and simultaneous control of multiple hand + wrist DoFs. Participants achieved faster, more accurate, and more reliable control using RPNIs and iEMG-based control compared with sEMG-based systems, based on classification accuracy and trial success rate. Importantly, we find that the ability to control wrist rotation reduces total body compensations when performing a functional assessment (Coffee Task), and implanted electrodes greatly reduced task completion times compared to surface electrodes when wrist rotation was added as an additional control movement.Significance.In this study, we demonstrate that RPNIs and iEMG electrodes in combination enable significantly more accurate and stable prosthetic control of hand and wrist movements compared to surface electrodes, especially during dynamic arm movements. These findings suggest that RPNIs and iEMG electrodes offer meaningful advantages over sEMG for achieving more intuitive and reliable control of upper-limb prostheses in real-world conditions.

目的:上肢截肢严重限制了日常活动和独立性。目前的假肢控制方法通常依赖于表面肌电图(sEMG),其信号质量低且功能有限。本研究探讨在神经肌肉再生周围神经界面(RPNIs)和残余神经支配肌肉中植入电极是否能提供稳定、高质量的控制信号,以改善灵巧假手和腕部功能。在两名上肢截肢患者的神经肌肉rpni(即由缠绕在神经分支上的自由肌肉移植物制成,不含感觉组织)和肌内肌电图(iEMG)电极被植入rpni和残余神经支配肌肉中。从表面电极(sEMG)和植入电极(iEMG)记录肌电信号,并用于实时控制虚拟假手+手腕。通过多个自由度(DoF)控制任务来评估性能,并将iEMG与传统表面肌电信号进行比较。主要结果:植入电极具有高信噪比和长期稳定性,可以独立和同时控制多个手+腕部的DoF。基于分类准确性和试验成功率,与基于表面肌电信号的系统相比,参与者使用基于iemg的控制实现了更快、更准确、更可靠的控制。重要的是,我们发现在执行功能评估(咖啡任务)时,控制手腕旋转的能力降低了全身代偿,并且当手腕旋转作为额外的控制运动添加时,植入电极与表面电极相比大大减少了任务完成时间。在这项研究中,我们证明了RPNIs和iEMG电极与表面电极相比,能够更准确和稳定地控制假肢的手部和手腕运动,特别是在动态手臂运动时。这些发现表明,在现实条件下,植入电极在实现更直观、更可靠的上肢假肢控制方面比表面肌电法具有更有意义的优势。
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引用次数: 0
Form factor meets function: Anatomy-dependent electrode-skin coupling and signal content in consumer eyewear EEG systems. 外形因素满足功能:解剖学依赖的电极-皮肤耦合和消费者眼镜脑电图系统中的信号内容。
IF 3.8 Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ae4271
Andrea Costanzo Palmisciano, Andrea Farabbi, Matteo Rossi, Niccolò Antonello, Diana Trojaniello, Pietro Cerveri, Luca T Mainardi

Objective: To evaluate the influence of head morphology on the performance of a wearable setup that incorporates the constraints of an eyewear-EEG device suitable for consumer-level applications. Specifically, the study aimed to characterize the electrode-skin impedance of two dry-electrode types mounted on eyeglass frames, assess the system's ability to capture alpha-rhythm modulation during eyes-open and eyes-closed (EOEC) states in the temporal region, and its capability to detect auditory event-related potentials (P300).

Approach: A prototype was built by embedding four EEG electrodes, two gold-plated retractile pins (GPR) and two conductive elastomer (CoE), into a commercial eyeglass frame, with reference and bias on the nose pads. Signals were acquired using an OpenBCI Cyton board (ADS1299 analog front end, sampling at 256 Hz). Twenty young healthy adults underwent three experimental protocols, namely electrode-skin contact assessment, eyes-open/eyes-closed tasks (two cycles of 2 minutes each) to examine alpha-band (8-12 Hz) power changes and compute an alpha-to-broadband power ratio, and an auditory oddball paradigm (80% standard, 20% odd stimuli, 50 odd trials) to elicit and analyze P300 components.

Main results: GPR electrodes exhibited moderately higher median impedance but slightly narrower confidence intervals compared to CoE electrodes. Head breadth significantly affected GPR impedance (≈ 11.7% decrease per mm increase), but had no significant effect on CoE impedance. Alpha-band power increased significantly during eyes-closed periods across subjects and electrode types. P300 responses (positive deflection at 300 ms) were reliably detected, with GPR electrodes yielding tighter latency distributions.

Significance: These findings emphasize the importance of careful design considerations in wearable-EEG to account for inter-subject head anatomy variability and demonstrate that eyeglass-integrated EEG, can reliably capture both evoked and spontaneous neural responses.

目的:评估头部形态对可穿戴设备性能的影响,该设备结合了适合消费者级应用的眼-脑电图设备的限制。具体而言,该研究旨在表征安装在眼镜架上的两种干电极类型的电极-皮肤阻抗,评估该系统在颞区捕捉睁眼和闭眼(EOEC)状态时α节奏调制的能力,以及检测听觉事件相关电位的能力(P300)。方法:将四个EEG电极、两个镀金可伸缩引脚(GPR)和两个导电弹性体(CoE)嵌入商用眼镜架中,并在鼻垫上放置参考和偏置。信号采集使用OpenBCI Cyton板(ADS1299模拟前端,采样频率为256hz)。20名年轻健康成人接受了三种实验方案,即电极-皮肤接触评估、睁眼/闭眼任务(每个2分钟的两个周期),以检查α波段(8-12 Hz)功率变化并计算α与宽带功率比,以及听觉怪异范式(80%标准刺激,20%奇数刺激,50个奇数试验),以诱发和分析P300成分。主要结果:与CoE电极相比,GPR电极表现出中等较高的中位阻抗,但置信区间略窄。头宽显著影响GPR阻抗(每增加mm降低约11.7%),但对CoE阻抗无显著影响。在受试者和电极类型中,闭眼期间α波段功率显著增加。P300响应(300 ms的正偏转)被可靠地检测到,GPR电极产生更紧密的延迟分布。意义:这些发现强调了在可穿戴EEG中仔细设计考虑的重要性,以考虑受试者之间的头部解剖变异性,并证明了眼镜集成EEG可以可靠地捕获诱发和自发的神经反应。
{"title":"Form factor meets function: Anatomy-dependent electrode-skin coupling and signal content in consumer eyewear EEG systems.","authors":"Andrea Costanzo Palmisciano, Andrea Farabbi, Matteo Rossi, Niccolò Antonello, Diana Trojaniello, Pietro Cerveri, Luca T Mainardi","doi":"10.1088/1741-2552/ae4271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/ae4271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the influence of head morphology on the performance of a wearable setup that incorporates the constraints of an eyewear-EEG device suitable for consumer-level applications. Specifically, the study aimed to characterize the electrode-skin impedance of two dry-electrode types mounted on eyeglass frames, assess the system's ability to capture alpha-rhythm modulation during eyes-open and eyes-closed (EOEC) states in the temporal region, and its capability to detect auditory event-related potentials (P300).</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>A prototype was built by embedding four EEG electrodes, two gold-plated retractile pins (GPR) and two conductive elastomer (CoE), into a commercial eyeglass frame, with reference and bias on the nose pads. Signals were acquired using an OpenBCI Cyton board (ADS1299 analog front end, sampling at 256 Hz). Twenty young healthy adults underwent three experimental protocols, namely electrode-skin contact assessment, eyes-open/eyes-closed tasks (two cycles of 2 minutes each) to examine alpha-band (8-12 Hz) power changes and compute an alpha-to-broadband power ratio, and an auditory oddball paradigm (80% standard, 20% odd stimuli, 50 odd trials) to elicit and analyze P300 components.</p><p><strong>Main results: </strong>GPR electrodes exhibited moderately higher median impedance but slightly narrower confidence intervals compared to CoE electrodes. Head breadth significantly affected GPR impedance (≈ 11.7% decrease per mm increase), but had no significant effect on CoE impedance. Alpha-band power increased significantly during eyes-closed periods across subjects and electrode types. P300 responses (positive deflection at 300 ms) were reliably detected, with GPR electrodes yielding tighter latency distributions.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>These findings emphasize the importance of careful design considerations in wearable-EEG to account for inter-subject head anatomy variability and demonstrate that eyeglass-integrated EEG, can reliably capture both evoked and spontaneous neural responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":94096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146128001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Autonomous multisensory enhancement of a visual neuroprosthesis for navigation: technical proof-of-concept with simulated prosthetic vision and single-subject case study of a visual prosthesis user. 导航用视觉神经义肢的自主多感官增强:模拟义肢视觉的技术概念验证和视觉义肢使用者的单受试者案例研究。
IF 3.8 Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ae3d67
Breanne Christie, Nicolas Norena Acosta, Roksana Sadeghi, Arathy Kartha, Chigozie Ewulum, Avi Caspi, Francesco V Tenore, Gislin Dagnelie, Roberta L Klatzky, Seth D Billings

Objective.Visual impairments create significant challenges for navigation. This work explored the potential for an autonomous navigation aid with multisensory feedback to improve navigational performance for users of visual neuroprostheses.Approach.An autonomous navigation system was developed that maps the environment in real time and provides guidance using combinations of prosthetic vision, haptic, and auditory cues. Navigational performance was evaluated in 20 sighted participants using simulated prosthetic vision and in a single-subject case study of an Argus II visual neuroprosthesis user. Participants completed three tasks: navigate to destination, obstacle field traversal, and relative distance judgment. Multiple sensory feedback configurations incorporating visual, haptic, and auditory cues were compared. Performance metrics included collision rate, distance traveled, task completion time, navigation success rate, and accuracy of relative distance judgments.Main results.Performance differences across sensory configurations were most pronounced in navigation success and collision rates. Haptic plus audio feedback was highly effective for navigation tasks, enabling successful navigation in nearly all trials involving haptic guidance. Argus vision (AV) alone was inadequate for navigation. Depth vision (DV) provided modest improvements over AV but did not enhance performance beyond haptic and audio guidance when combined. Wide field-of-view DV yielded additional benefits, particularly for obstacle field traversal where its performance exceeded other modes. Adding AV to haptic and audio also provided no benefit and, in some cases, degraded performance. Performance trends for the Argus user were generally comparable to those of sighted participants across sensory modes, with the exception of the relative distance judgment task, in which the Argus user demonstrated better performance. Among sighted participants, increased field of view and resolution independently improved relative distance judgment accuracy.Significance.These findings demonstrate the potential of multimodal feedback systems to improve navigation for prosthetic vision users. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04359108).

目的:视觉障碍给导航带来重大挑战。这项工作探索了具有多感官反馈的自主导航辅助设备的潜力,以提高视觉神经假体用户的导航性能。方法:开发了一种自主导航系统,该系统可以实时绘制环境地图,并使用假体视觉、触觉和听觉线索的组合提供指导。在20名视力正常的参与者中,使用模拟假体视觉和Argus II视觉神经假体用户的单受试者案例研究中,对导航性能进行了评估。参与者完成了三个任务:导航到目的地、穿越障碍场和相对距离判断。多种感官反馈配置包括视觉,触觉和听觉线索进行比较。性能指标包括碰撞率、行驶距离、任务完成时间、导航成功率和相对距离判断的准确性。主要结果:不同感官配置的性能差异在导航成功率和碰撞率方面最为明显。触觉加音频反馈对于导航任务非常有效,几乎在所有涉及触觉引导的试验中都能成功导航。光靠阿刚斯的视觉是不够导航的。深度视觉比阿古斯视觉提供了适度的改进,但在结合触觉和音频引导时,并没有提高性能。宽视场深度视觉带来了额外的好处,特别是在穿越障碍物场时,其性能优于其他模式。将Argus视觉添加到触觉和音频中也没有任何好处,在某些情况下还会降低性能。Argus使用者在不同感官模式下的表现趋势与视力正常的参与者大体相当,但在相对距离判断任务中,Argus使用者表现出更好的表现。在视力正常的参与者中,视野和分辨率的增加独立地提高了相对距离判断的准确性。意义:这些发现证明了多模态反馈系统在改善假肢视力使用者导航方面的潜力。(ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04359108)。
{"title":"Autonomous multisensory enhancement of a visual neuroprosthesis for navigation: technical proof-of-concept with simulated prosthetic vision and single-subject case study of a visual prosthesis user.","authors":"Breanne Christie, Nicolas Norena Acosta, Roksana Sadeghi, Arathy Kartha, Chigozie Ewulum, Avi Caspi, Francesco V Tenore, Gislin Dagnelie, Roberta L Klatzky, Seth D Billings","doi":"10.1088/1741-2552/ae3d67","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1741-2552/ae3d67","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective.</i>Visual impairments create significant challenges for navigation. This work explored the potential for an autonomous navigation aid with multisensory feedback to improve navigational performance for users of visual neuroprostheses.<i>Approach.</i>An autonomous navigation system was developed that maps the environment in real time and provides guidance using combinations of prosthetic vision, haptic, and auditory cues. Navigational performance was evaluated in 20 sighted participants using simulated prosthetic vision and in a single-subject case study of an Argus II visual neuroprosthesis user. Participants completed three tasks: navigate to destination, obstacle field traversal, and relative distance judgment. Multiple sensory feedback configurations incorporating visual, haptic, and auditory cues were compared. Performance metrics included collision rate, distance traveled, task completion time, navigation success rate, and accuracy of relative distance judgments.<i>Main results.</i>Performance differences across sensory configurations were most pronounced in navigation success and collision rates. Haptic plus audio feedback was highly effective for navigation tasks, enabling successful navigation in nearly all trials involving haptic guidance. Argus vision (AV) alone was inadequate for navigation. Depth vision (DV) provided modest improvements over AV but did not enhance performance beyond haptic and audio guidance when combined. Wide field-of-view DV yielded additional benefits, particularly for obstacle field traversal where its performance exceeded other modes. Adding AV to haptic and audio also provided no benefit and, in some cases, degraded performance. Performance trends for the Argus user were generally comparable to those of sighted participants across sensory modes, with the exception of the relative distance judgment task, in which the Argus user demonstrated better performance. Among sighted participants, increased field of view and resolution independently improved relative distance judgment accuracy.<i>Significance.</i>These findings demonstrate the potential of multimodal feedback systems to improve navigation for prosthetic vision users. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04359108).</p>","PeriodicalId":94096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146055700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Journal of neural engineering
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