Nutrient competition between female cones and young seeds in spring affects the physiological dropping and nut-setting rate in Torreya grandis.

IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Physiologia plantarum Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI:10.1111/ppl.14525
Lei Wang, Wei Jiang, Hangbiao Jin, Rui Zhang, Jiasheng Wu
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Abstract

Physiological seed drop is a recognized phenomenon in economic forest, caused by the abscission of developing seeds due to intergroup competition for resources. However, little is known about the resource allocation dynamics in species exhibiting a biennial fruiting cycle, where interactions occur not only among seeds of the same year but also between reproductive structures from consecutive years. In this study, we explored the dynamics of resource allocation in Torreya grandis, a nut crop with a prototypical two-year seed development pattern. We implemented thinning treatments of 0%, 30%, and 60% on female cones and/or immature seeds during the spring, targeting various stages of development both pre- and post-pollination. Our findings reveal a pronounced resource competition in Torreya, evidenced by a natural seed-setting rate of merely 9.4%. Contrary to expectations, seed thinning did not lead to an obvious increase in nut-setting rates, whereas a substantial increase to 20.5% was observed when female cones were thinned by 60% at 20 days before pollination. The cone thinning treatment appears to have influenced seed development through positive cytokinin and negative abscisic acid effects. This indicates that intergroup competition between female cones and nuts is a more significant factor in seed drop than inner nut competition, and there seems to be an interaction between the two groups. We demonstrate that, in Torreya with biennial seed development, it is the competition between female cones and immature seeds that is important. This insight expands our comprehension of the physiological mechanisms governing seed drop in biennial fruiting species and managing the reproductive organ load to optimize nutrient allocation.

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春季雌球果和幼籽之间的营养竞争会影响香榧的生理凋落和坚果结实率。
生理落种是经济林中公认的一种现象,是由于群体间对资源的竞争导致发育中的种子脱落造成的。然而,人们对表现出两年结果周期的物种的资源分配动态知之甚少,因为在这种情况下,不仅同年的种子之间会发生相互作用,而且连续几年的生殖结构之间也会发生相互作用。在这项研究中,我们探索了大香榧资源分配的动态,大香榧是一种坚果作物,具有典型的两年种子发育模式。我们在春季对雌球果和/或未成熟种子进行了 0%、30% 和 60% 的稀疏处理,目标是授粉前和授粉后的不同发育阶段。我们的研究结果表明,香榧存在明显的资源竞争,自然结籽率仅为 9.4%。与预期相反的是,疏种并没有明显提高结实率,而在授粉前 20 天将雌球果疏剪 60% 时,结实率大幅提高到 20.5%。疏果处理似乎通过细胞分裂素的正效应和脱落酸的负效应影响了种子的发育。这表明,雌球果和坚果之间的群间竞争是比内部坚果竞争更重要的落籽因素,而且这两类竞争之间似乎存在相互作用。我们证明,在两年生种子发育的香榧中,雌球果和未成熟种子之间的竞争才是重要的。这一见解拓展了我们对二年生果树物种落籽的生理机制以及管理生殖器官负荷以优化养分分配的理解。
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来源期刊
Physiologia plantarum
Physiologia plantarum 生物-植物科学
CiteScore
11.00
自引率
3.10%
发文量
224
审稿时长
3.9 months
期刊介绍: Physiologia Plantarum is an international journal committed to publishing the best full-length original research papers that advance our understanding of primary mechanisms of plant development, growth and productivity as well as plant interactions with the biotic and abiotic environment. All organisational levels of experimental plant biology – from molecular and cell biology, biochemistry and biophysics to ecophysiology and global change biology – fall within the scope of the journal. The content is distributed between 5 main subject areas supervised by Subject Editors specialised in the respective domain: (1) biochemistry and metabolism, (2) ecophysiology, stress and adaptation, (3) uptake, transport and assimilation, (4) development, growth and differentiation, (5) photobiology and photosynthesis.
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