Risk and protective factors associated with posttraumatic stress disorder among layperson responders to opioid overdose incidents.

IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI:10.1037/tra0001781
Brendan P Jacka, Nelson Lin, Reina Kiefer, Shannon R Forkus, Alexa M Raudales, Emmanuel D Thomas, Elizabeth A Samuels, Brandon D L Marshall, Nicole H Weiss
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Abstract

Objective: Fatal and nonfatal overdoses involving opioids have increased to crisis levels in recent years. Laypersons have been increasingly tasked with responding to these events by administering naloxone, performing rescue breaths/cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and calling for medical assistance. However, little is known about the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to opioid overdose responding among laypersons. To this end, we sought to determine the factors associated with PTSD stemming from responding to an opioid overdose event.

Method: From April 2021 to October 2021, structured interviews were conducted with layperson responders who had responded to an opioid overdose. Participants were administered structured diagnostic interviews, Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5), and completed validated self-report measures.

Results: In total, 101 layperson adults who responded to an opioid overdose were recruited for the present study (Mage: 34, 65% identified as women, 79% as White, and 11% as Hispanic/Latino). Of the 80 participants who completed the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5, 100% met Criteria A for PTSD related to overdose responding, and over one quarter (27.5%) met current PTSD diagnosis criteria related to overdose responding. Current PTSD related to overdose responding was associated with depression symptoms, generalized anxiety symptoms, and presence of law enforcement or professional first responders during the most distressing overdose responding event.

Conclusions: Responding to opioid overdoses is traumatizing for many and results in a considerable burden of PTSD among layperson responders. As such, we call for trauma-informed interventions that cater to the unique experiences of layperson opioid overdose responders. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

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阿片类药物过量事件非专业应对者中与创伤后应激障碍相关的风险和保护因素。
目的:近年来,涉及阿片类药物的致死和非致死过量已上升到危机水平。越来越多的非专业人员承担起应对这些事件的任务,包括施用纳洛酮、进行人工呼吸/心肺复苏以及呼叫医疗援助。然而,人们对非专业人员因应对阿片类药物过量而产生的创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)知之甚少。为此,我们试图确定与应对阿片类药物过量事件引发的创伤后应激障碍相关的因素:从 2021 年 4 月到 2021 年 10 月,我们对曾经应对过阿片类药物过量事件的非专业人员进行了结构化访谈。参与者接受了结构化诊断访谈、《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版(DSM-5)中的临床医师管理创伤后应激障碍量表,并完成了有效的自我报告测量:本研究共招募了 101 名应对阿片类药物过量的非专业成年人(年龄:34 岁,65% 为女性,79% 为白人,11% 为西班牙裔/拉丁裔)。在完成 DSM-5 临床医师管理创伤后应激障碍量表的 80 名参与者中,100% 符合与用药过量应对相关的创伤后应激障碍标准 A,超过四分之一(27.5%)的参与者符合与用药过量应对相关的当前创伤后应激障碍诊断标准。目前与用药过量应对相关的创伤后应激障碍与抑郁症状、广泛性焦虑症状以及在最痛苦的用药过量应对事件中是否有执法人员或专业急救人员在场有关:应对阿片类药物过量对很多人来说都是一种创伤,会导致非专业应对人员患上相当严重的创伤后应激障碍。因此,我们呼吁针对非专业阿片类药物过量应对人员的独特经历采取创伤知情干预措施。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.20
自引率
3.20%
发文量
427
期刊介绍: Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy publishes empirical research on the psychological effects of trauma. The journal is intended to be a forum for an interdisciplinary discussion on trauma, blending science, theory, practice, and policy. The journal publishes empirical research on a wide range of trauma-related topics, including: -Psychological treatments and effects -Promotion of education about effects of and treatment for trauma -Assessment and diagnosis of trauma -Pathophysiology of trauma reactions -Health services (delivery of services to trauma populations) -Epidemiological studies and risk factor studies -Neuroimaging studies -Trauma and cultural competence
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