{"title":"Ad5-nCoV boosted vaccine and reinfection-induced memory T/B cell responses and humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2: based on two prospective cohorts.","authors":"Aidibai Simayi, Yuxin Chen, Jinjin Chu, Huiyan Yu, Shihan Zhang, Changjun Bao, Fengcai Zhu, Hui Jin, Yuanfang Qin, Qian Zhen, Yong Liu, Liguo Zhu","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2412619","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Here, we regularly followed two SARS-CoV-2 infected cohorts to investigate the combined effects of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and B and T cell profiles during the convalescent period. Ten infected participants in December 2022 were selected to assess the effects of an inhaled adenovirus type 5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) booster on B cells and humoral immunity in the first cohort. To evaluate T cell responses, eight primary and 20 reinfection participants were included in the second cohort. Blood samples from all 38 participants were collected at 1-, 2-, and 6-months post-infection. In the first cohort, eighteen monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with neutralizing activity from memory B cells (MBC) against SARS-CoV-2 mutants were obtained by high throughput single-B-cell cloning method, which lasted from 1- month to 6- month post infection. The overall number of mAbs from MBC in the boosted immunization group was higher than that in the nonboosted immunization group at 2-, and 6-months post-infection. In the second cohort, circulating T follicular helper cells (cTfh) and AIM <sup>+ </sup>CD4 <sup>+ </sup>T cells increased over time in the reinfection group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In both cohorts, serum NAb titers showed significant immune escape, while cTfh and AIM <sup>+ </sup>CD4 <sup>+ </sup>T cells in the second cohort essentially showed no immune escape to new strains (including XBB, EG.5). AIM <sup>+ </sup>CD4 <sup>+ </sup>T cells against BA.5 and EG.5 were strongly negatively correlated with the time to viral clearance in the reinfected group at 6-months post-infection. We comprehensively assessed the ability of the SARS-CoV-2 boosted immunization and reinfection-induced generation of T/B cell immune memories in preventing reinfection.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529888/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2024.2412619","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/10/28 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"IMMUNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Here, we regularly followed two SARS-CoV-2 infected cohorts to investigate the combined effects of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and B and T cell profiles during the convalescent period. Ten infected participants in December 2022 were selected to assess the effects of an inhaled adenovirus type 5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) booster on B cells and humoral immunity in the first cohort. To evaluate T cell responses, eight primary and 20 reinfection participants were included in the second cohort. Blood samples from all 38 participants were collected at 1-, 2-, and 6-months post-infection. In the first cohort, eighteen monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with neutralizing activity from memory B cells (MBC) against SARS-CoV-2 mutants were obtained by high throughput single-B-cell cloning method, which lasted from 1- month to 6- month post infection. The overall number of mAbs from MBC in the boosted immunization group was higher than that in the nonboosted immunization group at 2-, and 6-months post-infection. In the second cohort, circulating T follicular helper cells (cTfh) and AIM + CD4 + T cells increased over time in the reinfection group (P < 0.05). In both cohorts, serum NAb titers showed significant immune escape, while cTfh and AIM + CD4 + T cells in the second cohort essentially showed no immune escape to new strains (including XBB, EG.5). AIM + CD4 + T cells against BA.5 and EG.5 were strongly negatively correlated with the time to viral clearance in the reinfected group at 6-months post-infection. We comprehensively assessed the ability of the SARS-CoV-2 boosted immunization and reinfection-induced generation of T/B cell immune memories in preventing reinfection.
期刊介绍:
Emerging Microbes & Infections is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to publishing research at the intersection of emerging immunology and microbiology viruses.
The journal's mission is to share information on microbes and infections, particularly those gaining significance in both biological and clinical realms due to increased pathogenic frequency. Emerging Microbes & Infections is committed to bridging the scientific gap between developed and developing countries.
This journal addresses topics of critical biological and clinical importance, including but not limited to:
- Epidemic surveillance
- Clinical manifestations
- Diagnosis and management
- Cellular and molecular pathogenesis
- Innate and acquired immune responses between emerging microbes and their hosts
- Drug discovery
- Vaccine development research
Emerging Microbes & Infections invites submissions of original research articles, review articles, letters, and commentaries, fostering a platform for the dissemination of impactful research in the field.