Ad5-nCoV boosted vaccine and reinfection-induced memory T/B cell responses and humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2: based on two prospective cohorts.

IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Emerging Microbes & Infections Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-28 DOI:10.1080/22221751.2024.2412619
Aidibai Simayi, Yuxin Chen, Jinjin Chu, Huiyan Yu, Shihan Zhang, Changjun Bao, Fengcai Zhu, Hui Jin, Yuanfang Qin, Qian Zhen, Yong Liu, Liguo Zhu
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Abstract

Here, we regularly followed two SARS-CoV-2 infected cohorts to investigate the combined effects of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and B and T cell profiles during the convalescent period. Ten infected participants in December 2022 were selected to assess the effects of an inhaled adenovirus type 5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) booster on B cells and humoral immunity in the first cohort. To evaluate T cell responses, eight primary and 20 reinfection participants were included in the second cohort. Blood samples from all 38 participants were collected at 1-, 2-, and 6-months post-infection. In the first cohort, eighteen monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with neutralizing activity from memory B cells (MBC) against SARS-CoV-2 mutants were obtained by high throughput single-B-cell cloning method, which lasted from 1- month to 6- month post infection. The overall number of mAbs from MBC in the boosted immunization group was higher than that in the nonboosted immunization group at 2-, and 6-months post-infection. In the second cohort, circulating T follicular helper cells (cTfh) and AIM + CD4 + T cells increased over time in the reinfection group (P < 0.05). In both cohorts, serum NAb titers showed significant immune escape, while cTfh and AIM + CD4 + T cells in the second cohort essentially showed no immune escape to new strains (including XBB, EG.5). AIM + CD4 + T cells against BA.5 and EG.5 were strongly negatively correlated with the time to viral clearance in the reinfected group at 6-months post-infection. We comprehensively assessed the ability of the SARS-CoV-2 boosted immunization and reinfection-induced generation of T/B cell immune memories in preventing reinfection.

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Ad5-nCoV 增强疫苗和再感染诱导的记忆 T/B 细胞反应以及对 SARS-CoV-2 的体液免疫:基于两个前瞻性队列。
摘要在这里,我们定期跟踪SARS-CoV-2感染队列,研究中和抗体(NAbs)以及B细胞和T细胞在康复期的综合影响。我们选取了10名2022年12月感染SARS-CoV-2的患者,评估吸入5型腺病毒载体COVID-19疫苗(Ad5-nCoV)对B细胞和体液免疫的影响。为了评估 T 细胞反应,还纳入了 8 名初次感染者和 20 名再次感染者。在感染后1个月、2个月和6个月收集了所有38名参与者的血液样本。检测方法包括单 B 细胞技术、活化诱导标记物 (AIM) 检测和假病毒中和。在第一个队列中,通过高通量单 B 细胞克隆方法从记忆 B 细胞(MBC)中获得了 18 种对 SARS-CoV-2 突变体具有中和活性的单克隆抗体(mAbs)。在感染后 2 个月和 6 个月,吸入 Ad5-nCoV 增强免疫组 MBC 的 mAbs 总数量高于非增强免疫组。在第二个队列中,再感染组的循环 T 滤泡辅助细胞(cTfh)和 AIM + CD4 + T 细胞随着时间的推移而增加(第二个队列中的 P + CD4 + T 细胞在 6 个月的随访期间基本上没有出现对新菌株(包括 XBB、EG.5)的免疫逃逸。针对 BA.5 和 EG.5 的 AIM + CD4 + T 细胞与 6M 感染数月后再感染组的病毒清除时间呈强负相关。这项研究的更广泛意义在于全面评估 SARS-CoV-2 加强免疫和再感染诱导产生的 T/B 细胞免疫记忆在预防再感染方面的能力。
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来源期刊
Emerging Microbes & Infections
Emerging Microbes & Infections IMMUNOLOGY-MICROBIOLOGY
CiteScore
26.20
自引率
2.30%
发文量
276
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊介绍: Emerging Microbes & Infections is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to publishing research at the intersection of emerging immunology and microbiology viruses. The journal's mission is to share information on microbes and infections, particularly those gaining significance in both biological and clinical realms due to increased pathogenic frequency. Emerging Microbes & Infections is committed to bridging the scientific gap between developed and developing countries. This journal addresses topics of critical biological and clinical importance, including but not limited to: - Epidemic surveillance - Clinical manifestations - Diagnosis and management - Cellular and molecular pathogenesis - Innate and acquired immune responses between emerging microbes and their hosts - Drug discovery - Vaccine development research Emerging Microbes & Infections invites submissions of original research articles, review articles, letters, and commentaries, fostering a platform for the dissemination of impactful research in the field.
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