Systematic review of the evidence on physical activity prescriptions for youth

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Preventive medicine Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI:10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108145

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Abstract

Objective

Despite the well-documented benefits of physical activity (PA), globally, only 20 % of youth engage in sufficient PA. Reviews support the benefits of PA prescriptions on promoting adults' PA, but no comparable reviews exist on studies among youth. This systematic review 1) assesses the state of the evidence regarding PA prescriptions from healthcare practitioners on youths' PA; and 2) identifies gaps to inform future research and practice.

Methods

A search of five databases in October 2023 identified 3067 articles. After title and/or abstract reviews, 64 full articles were reviewed for inclusion criteria. Study, sample, and PA prescription characteristics and findings regarding youths' PA were extracted.

Results

Nine articles published 2001–2023 from the United States (n = 6), Spain (n = 1), Northern Ireland (n = 1), and the United States and Mexico (n = 1) were identified. Seven occurred in medical settings and two in schools. Study designs were generally strong (e.g., randomized controlled trials) and study durations were generally short (3–4 months). All but two studies measured youths' PA with self-report questionnaires. Most PA prescriptions were provided in verbal and written forms and tailored based on youths' baseline PA. Overall, healthcare practitioner-delivered PA prescriptions show minimal effects on youths' PA. Neither of the two studies that objectively measured PA found significant PA increases in objectively measured PA.

Conclusions

There is insufficient research on healthcare practitioner delivered PA prescriptions to promote youths' PA to determine effectiveness. Future research with objectively measured PA and more diverse youth samples would advance the evidence.

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对青少年体育活动处方证据的系统性回顾。

目的：尽管体育锻炼（PA）的益处已得到充分证实，但在全球范围内，只有 20% 的青少年进行了充分的体育锻炼。综述支持体育锻炼处方对促进成人体育锻炼的益处，但对青少年的研究却没有类似的综述。本系统性综述 1) 评估了有关医护人员为青少年开具 PA 处方的证据现状；2) 找出差距，为未来的研究和实践提供参考：方法：2023 年 10 月在五个数据库中搜索到 3067 篇文章。在对文章标题和/或摘要进行审查后，根据纳入标准对 64 篇完整文章进行了审查。提取了有关青少年体育锻炼的研究、样本、体育锻炼处方特征和结果：结果：发现了 9 篇发表于 2001-2023 年的文章，分别来自美国（6 篇）、西班牙（1 篇）、北爱尔兰（1 篇）、美国和墨西哥（1 篇）。其中 7 项发生在医疗机构，2 项发生在学校。研究设计普遍较强（如随机对照试验），研究持续时间普遍较短（3-4 个月）。除两项研究外，其他所有研究都通过自我报告问卷对青少年的 PA 进行了测量。大多数 PA 处方以口头和书面形式提供，并根据青少年的基线 PA 量身定制。总体而言，医护人员提供的 PA 处方对青少年 PA 的影响微乎其微。两项客观测量 PA 的研究均未发现客观测量的 PA 有明显增加：关于医护人员开具促进青少年 PA 的处方的研究尚不充分，无法确定其有效性。未来通过客观测量 PA 和更多样化的青少年样本进行的研究将有助于增加证据。

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来源期刊

Preventive medicine 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

7.70

自引率

3.90%

发文量

审稿时长

42 days

期刊介绍： Founded in 1972 by Ernst Wynder, Preventive Medicine is an international scholarly journal that provides prompt publication of original articles on the science and practice of disease prevention, health promotion, and public health policymaking. Preventive Medicine aims to reward innovation. It will favor insightful observational studies, thoughtful explorations of health data, unsuspected new angles for existing hypotheses, robust randomized controlled trials, and impartial systematic reviews. Preventive Medicine''s ultimate goal is to publish research that will have an impact on the work of practitioners of disease prevention and health promotion, as well as of related disciplines.