Pub Date : 2026-01-11DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108510
Xiangxin Li , Yan Chen , Xueyuan Zhao , Wei Wen , Jingyi Zhang , Junqiang Qiu
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors of running-related injuries (RRIs) among Chinese marathon runners.
Methods
A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted in China from January to December 2024, with 5668 marathon runners participating in full or half marathons. Data on demographics, training characteristics, and RRIs in the past six months were collected through validated questionnaires. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of RRIs.
Results
The overall incidence of RRIs was 46.5%, with a higher prevalence in males compared to females (p < 0.01). The most frequently affected areas were the knee (29.6%), the toe (22.9%), and the ankle (19.4%).Multivariable analysis showed that increasing age (OR = 0.98), longer running experience (≥7 years: OR = 0.71), and lower training levels (Public L1: OR = 0.74, Public L2: OR = 0.66, Unclassified: OR = 0.53) were protective factors. Higher body mass index (BMI) (24 ≤ BMI < 28: OR = 1.49; ≥28: OR = 1.67) and elite-level training were associated with increased injury risk.
Conclusion
This study highlights a high burden of RRIs among Chinese marathon runners, with key modifiable risk factors including BMI and training intensity, while age and running experience offer protective effects.
{"title":"Risk factors for running-related injuries among Chinese Marathon runners: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Xiangxin Li , Yan Chen , Xueyuan Zhao , Wei Wen , Jingyi Zhang , Junqiang Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors of running-related injuries (RRIs) among Chinese marathon runners.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted in China from January to December 2024, with 5668 marathon runners participating in full or half marathons. Data on demographics, training characteristics, and RRIs in the past six months were collected through validated questionnaires. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of RRIs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall incidence of RRIs was 46.5%, with a higher prevalence in males compared to females (<em>p</em> < 0.01). The most frequently affected areas were the knee (29.6%), the toe (22.9%), and the ankle (19.4%).Multivariable analysis showed that increasing age (OR = 0.98), longer running experience (≥7 years: OR = 0.71), and lower training levels (Public L1: OR = 0.74, Public L2: OR = 0.66, Unclassified: OR = 0.53) were protective factors. Higher body mass index (BMI) (24 ≤ BMI < 28: OR = 1.49; ≥28: OR = 1.67) and elite-level training were associated with increased injury risk.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study highlights a high burden of RRIs among Chinese marathon runners, with key modifiable risk factors including BMI and training intensity, while age and running experience offer protective effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 108510"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145966618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108507
Xiaomin Wang , Ran Zhang , Yirui Wang , Xudong Zhou
Objective
To examine associations between exposure to risk communication, risk perception, and critical health literacy, and their associations with public preparedness and preventive behaviors during the Chikungunya epidemic in China.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey in August 2025 among 1102 residents across three Chinese provinces, stratified by epidemiological risk. Among participants aware of the outbreak (n = 761), multivariable logistic regression models assessed associations between risk communication, risk perception, critical health literacy, and preventive behaviors, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics.
Results
Among participants, 69.06% reported awareness of Chikungunya. Higher exposure to risk communication was associated with increased adoption of all preparedness and preventive behaviors (aORs 1.31–1.50). Perceived environmental risk was associated with using mosquito nets [aOR = 1.37, 95% CI (1.14, 1.64)], screening windows [aOR = 1.45, 95%CI (1.18, 1.78)], and purchasing medications, including paracetamol, antibiotics, and antivirals (aORs up to 1.73). Higher critical health literacy was associated with reduced likelihood of purchasing inappropriate medications, specifically antibiotics [aOR = 0.72, 95% CI (0.56, 0.92)] and antivirals [aOR = 0.58, 95% CI (0.45, 0.75)].
Conclusions
Governmental risk communication and critical health literacy were strongly associated with public preventive behaviors. Findings suggest interventions to improve critical health literacy and risk communication could enhance preparedness and safer practices in future epidemics.
{"title":"Public responses to risk communication during the 2025 Chikungunya outbreak in China: Implications for future epidemic preparedness","authors":"Xiaomin Wang , Ran Zhang , Yirui Wang , Xudong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine associations between exposure to risk communication, risk perception, and critical health literacy, and their associations with public preparedness and preventive behaviors during the Chikungunya epidemic in China.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional survey in August 2025 among 1102 residents across three Chinese provinces, stratified by epidemiological risk. Among participants aware of the outbreak (<em>n</em> = 761), multivariable logistic regression models assessed associations between risk communication, risk perception, critical health literacy, and preventive behaviors, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among participants, 69.06% reported awareness of Chikungunya. Higher exposure to risk communication was associated with increased adoption of all preparedness and preventive behaviors (aORs 1.31–1.50). Perceived environmental risk was associated with using mosquito nets [aOR = 1.37, 95% CI (1.14, 1.64)], screening windows [aOR = 1.45, 95%CI (1.18, 1.78)], and purchasing medications, including paracetamol, antibiotics, and antivirals (aORs up to 1.73). Higher critical health literacy was associated with reduced likelihood of purchasing inappropriate medications, specifically antibiotics [aOR = 0.72, 95% CI (0.56, 0.92)] and antivirals [aOR = 0.58, 95% CI (0.45, 0.75)].</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Governmental risk communication and critical health literacy were strongly associated with public preventive behaviors. Findings suggest interventions to improve critical health literacy and risk communication could enhance preparedness and safer practices in future epidemics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 108507"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145960049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108509
Gebresilasea Gendisha Ukke , Jacqueline A. Boyle , Rajshree Thapa , Jenna Van Der-Velden , Carli Leishman , Christopher Gilfillan , Ahmed Reja , Siew Lim
Objective
To investigate the effectiveness of the Life! program—a prevention initiative for type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke—on behavioural and anthropometric outcomes in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus, across diverse sociodemographic backgrounds.
Methods
This study analysed the data collected from women who participated in the Life! program in Victoria, Australia from 2014 to 2022. Logistic regression analysis was undertaken to assess the associations of socioeconomic status, place of residence, employment status and country of birth with behavioural and anthropometric outcomes six months after enrolment.
Results
There were significant improvements in anthropometric and behavioural outcomes. Women with low income were least likely to improve fat (AOR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.83) and fibre (AOR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.91) intakes compared to women with middle income. Being 40 to 59 years old was associated with a greater improvement in fat intake compared with being under 30 years (AOR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.80).
Conclusion
While the Life program is effective in reducing risks in women with a history of gestational diabetes, less dietary improvements were seen in those with lower incomes or younger, which needs to be addressed to reduce disparities in type 2 diabetes prevalence.
{"title":"An equity audit on intervention effects of a cardiometabolic risk reduction program for women with a history of gestational diabetes in Victoria, Australia","authors":"Gebresilasea Gendisha Ukke , Jacqueline A. Boyle , Rajshree Thapa , Jenna Van Der-Velden , Carli Leishman , Christopher Gilfillan , Ahmed Reja , Siew Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the effectiveness of the <em>Life!</em> program—a prevention initiative for type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke—on behavioural and anthropometric outcomes in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus, across diverse sociodemographic backgrounds.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study analysed the data collected from women who participated in the <em>Life!</em> program in Victoria, Australia from 2014 to 2022. Logistic regression analysis was undertaken to assess the associations of socioeconomic status, place of residence, employment status and country of birth with behavioural and anthropometric outcomes six months after enrolment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were significant improvements in anthropometric and behavioural outcomes. Women with low income were least likely to improve fat (AOR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.83) and fibre (AOR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.91) intakes compared to women with middle income. Being 40 to 59 years old was associated with a greater improvement in fat intake compared with being under 30 years (AOR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.80).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>While the <em>Life</em> program is effective in reducing risks in women with a history of gestational diabetes, less dietary improvements were seen in those with lower incomes or younger, which needs to be addressed to reduce disparities in type 2 diabetes prevalence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 108509"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145960079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108508
Summer Sherburne Hawkins , Christopher E. Baidoo , Rebekah Levine Coley , Ryan S. Centanni , Christopher F. Baum
Objective
To evaluate the associations between recreational cannabis legalization in the United States and primary mode of cannabis use (smoking, eating/drinking, vaporizing/dabbing) overall and across groups.
Methods
We linked data on 69,109 adults reporting past month cannabis use from 37 states in the 2017–2023 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System with recreational cannabis legalization and retail sales. Using multinomial logit regression models, we examined the associations between legalization and primary mode of cannabis use overall and by demographic and higher-risk strata, with demographic and policy controls and state and year fixed effects.
Results
Among cannabis users, smoking declined but remained the most prevalent mode of cannabis use in 2023 (62.7%), followed by eating/drinking (21.5%), and vaporizing/dabbing (15.8%). Compared to smoking and vaping/dabbing cannabis, the likelihood of eating/drinking cannabis increased by 35% (adjusted relative risk ratio 1.35; 95% CI 1.20, 1.52) and 33% (1.33; 1.14, 1.55), respectively, post-legalization. Similar patterns emerged in response to retail sales. There was evidence of larger increases in eating/drinking cannabis among males than females post-legalization, and among middle-aged and older adults than younger adults after retail store openings.
Conclusion
Recreational cannabis legalization and retail sales led to more frequent use of cannabis in edible and drinkable forms.
目的：评估美国娱乐性大麻合法化与大麻主要使用方式（吸烟、吃/喝、汽化/轻吸）之间的关系。方法：我们将2017-2023年行为风险因素监测系统中来自37个州的69109名成年人报告的上个月大麻使用数据与休闲大麻合法化和零售销售联系起来。使用多项逻辑回归模型，我们研究了总体上、人口统计学和高风险阶层的大麻合法化与主要使用方式之间的关系，以及人口统计学和政策控制以及州和年份固定的影响。结果：在大麻使用者中，吸烟有所下降，但在2023年仍是最普遍的大麻使用方式（62.7%），其次是吃/喝（21.5%）和蒸发/轻吸（15.8%）。与吸烟和吸/吸大麻相比，大麻合法化后，吃/喝大麻的可能性分别增加了35%（调整后的相对风险比1.35;95% CI 1.20, 1.52）和33%（1.33;1.14,1.55）。零售业也出现了类似的模式。有证据表明，大麻合法化后，男性吃/喝大麻的人数比女性多，零售商店开业后，中年和老年人吃/喝大麻的人数比年轻人多。结论：娱乐性大麻合法化和零售销售导致食用和饮用形式的大麻使用更加频繁。
{"title":"Increasing use of cannabis edibles in response to recreational cannabis legalization in the United States","authors":"Summer Sherburne Hawkins , Christopher E. Baidoo , Rebekah Levine Coley , Ryan S. Centanni , Christopher F. Baum","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the associations between recreational cannabis legalization in the United States and primary mode of cannabis use (smoking, eating/drinking, vaporizing/dabbing) overall and across groups.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We linked data on 69,109 adults reporting past month cannabis use from 37 states in the 2017–2023 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System with recreational cannabis legalization and retail sales. Using multinomial logit regression models, we examined the associations between legalization and primary mode of cannabis use overall and by demographic and higher-risk strata, with demographic and policy controls and state and year fixed effects.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among cannabis users, smoking declined but remained the most prevalent mode of cannabis use in 2023 (62.7%), followed by eating/drinking (21.5%), and vaporizing/dabbing (15.8%). Compared to smoking and vaping/dabbing cannabis, the likelihood of eating/drinking cannabis increased by 35% (adjusted relative risk ratio 1.35; 95% CI 1.20, 1.52) and 33% (1.33; 1.14, 1.55), respectively, post-legalization. Similar patterns emerged in response to retail sales. There was evidence of larger increases in eating/drinking cannabis among males than females post-legalization, and among middle-aged and older adults than younger adults after retail store openings.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Recreational cannabis legalization and retail sales led to more frequent use of cannabis in edible and drinkable forms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 108508"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145952567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108504
Yanbin Chen , Yongyi Xie , Nanhui Wu , Ruoqi Wang , Suwei Tang , Mingyuan Xu , Xin Ma , Yeqiang Liu
Objectives
Site-specific cancer risks in vitiligo patients remain inconsistent, with paradoxical evidence for individual malignancies and no synthesis.
Methods
Systematic searches in PubMed (1996–February 2025), Embase (1947–February 2025), Web of Science (1997–February 2025), Cochrane Library (1996–February 2025) (pre-inception retroactively indexed studies, January 1900–February 2025); 13 included in our meta-analysis. Stata 18.0 computed pooled RRs (95% CIs); heterogeneity assessed via publication bias, subgroup and sensitivity analyses.
Results
The study incorporated thirteen studies. It is evident that there is a statistically significant correlation between the occurrence of vitiligo and an elevated risk of developing thyroid cancer (RR = 1.59, 95% CI [1.19, 2.12]). Conversely, a significant reduction in risk was observed for overall cancer (RR = 0.77, 95% CI [0.66, 0.90]), cancers of the respiratory system (RR = 0.75, 95% CI [0.66, 0.84]), digestive system (RR = 0.74, 95% CI [0.63, 0.87]), and skin cancers (RR = 0.58, 95% CI [0.36, 0.93]).
Conclusions
This study demonstrates a dual cancer risk profile in vitiligo: increased risk for thyroid cancer, but decreased risk for overall cancer, internal malignancies (respiratory and digestive systems) and skin cancers. These findings suggest the potential need for customized cancer surveillance strategies and investigation into preventive interventions.
{"title":"The dual risk profile of site-specific cancers in vitiligo: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Yanbin Chen , Yongyi Xie , Nanhui Wu , Ruoqi Wang , Suwei Tang , Mingyuan Xu , Xin Ma , Yeqiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Site-specific cancer risks in vitiligo patients remain inconsistent, with paradoxical evidence for individual malignancies and no synthesis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Systematic searches in PubMed (1996–February 2025), Embase (1947–February 2025), Web of Science (1997–February 2025), Cochrane Library (1996–February 2025) (pre-inception retroactively indexed studies, January 1900–February 2025); 13 included in our meta-analysis. Stata 18.0 computed pooled RRs (95% CIs); heterogeneity assessed via publication bias, subgroup and sensitivity analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study incorporated thirteen studies. It is evident that there is a statistically significant correlation between the occurrence of vitiligo and an elevated risk of developing thyroid cancer (RR = 1.59, 95% CI [1.19, 2.12]). Conversely, a significant reduction in risk was observed for overall cancer (RR = 0.77, 95% CI [0.66, 0.90]), cancers of the respiratory system (RR = 0.75, 95% CI [0.66, 0.84]), digestive system (RR = 0.74, 95% CI [0.63, 0.87]), and skin cancers (RR = 0.58, 95% CI [0.36, 0.93]).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study demonstrates a dual cancer risk profile in vitiligo: increased risk for thyroid cancer, but decreased risk for overall cancer, internal malignancies (respiratory and digestive systems) and skin cancers. These findings suggest the potential need for customized cancer surveillance strategies and investigation into preventive interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 108504"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108494
Esther Lee , Sarah M. Stilwell , Heather Murphy , Briana A. Scott , Melia Schliebe , Justin Heinze
Objectives
To synthesize theoretical and conceptual frameworks in firearm injury research, identify gaps across contexts, and inform applications for researchers and practitioners.
Methods
We conducted a scoping review following PRISMA guidelines, searching seven databases for United States-based studies (1999–2024) that applied theoretical or conceptual frameworks to firearm injury research. After piloting the extraction form, reviewers charted study characteristics, firearm injury context (community, mass shootings, police, suicide, partner/dating, school, or multiple contexts), theoretical or conceptual framework, and social ecological level. Data were summarized using descriptive counts.
Results
Among 213 studies, most were non-intervention (82%) and observational (84%), conducted in urban settings with predominantly male, non-White adolescents and young adults. Most studies applied criminological theories (Routine Activities, Social Disorganization), while only 22% applied conceptual models. Critical and equity-focused theories were absent despite demographic disparities. Few studies empirically test theories; only 21 developed or adapted frameworks. Significant gaps existed in online contexts, rural settings, and among children and older adults. Theoretical-methodological misalignment was evident.
Conclusions
Although theoretical frameworks are foundational to firearm research, current work remains variable across populations and contexts. Theory development must move beyond siloed approaches through transdisciplinary collaboration, empirical testing, and community co-creation to guide effective prevention strategies.
{"title":"A scoping review of theoretical and conceptual frameworks in U.S. firearm injury research","authors":"Esther Lee , Sarah M. Stilwell , Heather Murphy , Briana A. Scott , Melia Schliebe , Justin Heinze","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To synthesize theoretical and conceptual frameworks in firearm injury research, identify gaps across contexts, and inform applications for researchers and practitioners.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a scoping review following PRISMA guidelines, searching seven databases for United States-based studies (1999–2024) that applied theoretical or conceptual frameworks to firearm injury research. After piloting the extraction form, reviewers charted study characteristics, firearm injury context (community, mass shootings, police, suicide, partner/dating, school, or multiple contexts), theoretical or conceptual framework, and social ecological level. Data were summarized using descriptive counts.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 213 studies, most were non-intervention (82%) and observational (84%), conducted in urban settings with predominantly male, non-White adolescents and young adults. Most studies applied criminological theories (Routine Activities, Social Disorganization), while only 22% applied conceptual models. Critical and equity-focused theories were absent despite demographic disparities. Few studies empirically test theories; only 21 developed or adapted frameworks. Significant gaps existed in online contexts, rural settings, and among children and older adults. Theoretical-methodological misalignment was evident.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Although theoretical frameworks are foundational to firearm research, current work remains variable across populations and contexts. Theory development must move beyond siloed approaches through transdisciplinary collaboration, empirical testing, and community co-creation to guide effective prevention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 108494"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145945625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108495
Rui Li , Rui Huang , Kavin Srinakarin , Anna Zajacova , Zachary Zimmer , Tonya Palermo , Hanna Grol-Prokopczyk
Objective
To examine how country-level gender inequality relates to adolescent chronic pain prevalence and sex disparities.
Methods
We linked country-level Gender Inequality Index (GII) and lifetime prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women to 2017/18 Health Behavior in School-aged Children data from 244,097 adolescents ages 11–15 in 47 countries. Relative sex disparities in pain prevalence (female:male prevalence ratio [PR]) were examined with modified Poisson regression with country-cluster-robust standard errors; absolute disparities (prevalence difference [PD]) with multilevel linear probability models.
Results
Chronic pain prevalence ranged from 32.30% to 58.72% across countries (overall 44.32%; I2 = 98.36%). Female–male PDs ranged from 0.29 to 18.26 percentage points (pooled 13.28; I2 = 79.80%); PRs ranged from 1.01 to 1.69 (pooled 1.36; I2 = 83.71%). Higher GII was associated with greater pain prevalence (PR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.19) yet smaller sex disparities, due to steeper increase in boys' pain prevalence as GII increases. Higher IPV prevalence, though unrelated to overall pain prevalence, was associated with larger female–male percentage-point differences (β = 1.28%, 95% CI: 0.16%, 2.39%).
Conclusions
Structural gender inequality shapes both the population burden of adolescent chronic pain and sex disparities, underscoring the relevance of structural context and the need for more research in lower-income countries.
{"title":"Country-level gender inequality and sex disparities in adolescent chronic pain: A 47-country analysis","authors":"Rui Li , Rui Huang , Kavin Srinakarin , Anna Zajacova , Zachary Zimmer , Tonya Palermo , Hanna Grol-Prokopczyk","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine how country-level gender inequality relates to adolescent chronic pain prevalence and sex disparities.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We linked country-level Gender Inequality Index (GII) and lifetime prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women to 2017/18 Health Behavior in School-aged Children data from 244,097 adolescents ages 11–15 in 47 countries. Relative sex disparities in pain prevalence (female:male prevalence ratio [PR]) were examined with modified Poisson regression with country-cluster-robust standard errors; absolute disparities (prevalence difference [PD]) with multilevel linear probability models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Chronic pain prevalence ranged from 32.30% to 58.72% across countries (overall 44.32%; I<sup>2</sup> = 98.36%). Female–male PDs ranged from 0.29 to 18.26 percentage points (pooled 13.28; I<sup>2</sup> = 79.80%); PRs ranged from 1.01 to 1.69 (pooled 1.36; I<sup>2</sup> = 83.71%). Higher GII was associated with greater pain prevalence (PR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.19) yet smaller sex disparities, due to steeper increase in boys' pain prevalence as GII increases. Higher IPV prevalence, though unrelated to overall pain prevalence, was associated with larger female–male percentage-point differences (β = 1.28%, 95% CI: 0.16%, 2.39%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Structural gender inequality shapes both the population burden of adolescent chronic pain and sex disparities, underscoring the relevance of structural context and the need for more research in lower-income countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 108495"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145906498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108493
Marcos Cezar Pitombo da Silva Junior , Yago Silva Mascarenhas , Enaiane Cristina Menezes , Luciana Costa Melo , Flávia Accioly Canuto Wanderley , Géssyca Cavalcante de Melo , Luiz Rodrigo Augustemak de Lima
Objective
To explore evidence on physical activity counseling for people living with HIV (PLHIV).
Methods
Searches covered earliest records in PubMed (1946), Embase (1947), Web of Science (1900), Scopus (1788), and LILACS (1982) up to August 31, 2024. Studies investigating physical activity counseling in healthcare settings were included. Extracted data comprised author, year, country, sample characteristics, study design, objectives, theoretical framework, type and intensity, frequency, duration, strategies, professionals involved, and outcomes.
Results
Sixteen studies were included, most in the United States (n = 8; 50 %), predominantly involving adults (n = 12; 75 %) and both sexes (n = 12; 75 %), with a sample of 1458 participants. Motivational interviewing was the most frequent theoretical (n = 6; 37.5 %). Walking was the most counseled (n = 6; 37.5 %), usually recommended weekly (n = 9; 56.3 %), with sessions ranging from 15 to 90 min. Counseling intensity varied across light, moderate, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. More than half of the studies (n = 11; 68.8 %) reported increases in physical activity levels.
Conclusions
Counseling shows potential to promote active lifestyles among PLHIV, particularly when based on behavioral theories, though challenges remain regarding the description of strategies and adaptation to this population.
{"title":"Physical activity counseling for people living with HIV: A scoping review","authors":"Marcos Cezar Pitombo da Silva Junior , Yago Silva Mascarenhas , Enaiane Cristina Menezes , Luciana Costa Melo , Flávia Accioly Canuto Wanderley , Géssyca Cavalcante de Melo , Luiz Rodrigo Augustemak de Lima","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To explore evidence on physical activity counseling for people living with HIV (PLHIV).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Searches covered earliest records in PubMed (1946), Embase (1947), Web of Science (1900), Scopus (1788), and LILACS (1982) up to August 31, 2024. Studies investigating physical activity counseling in healthcare settings were included. Extracted data comprised author, year, country, sample characteristics, study design, objectives, theoretical framework, type and intensity, frequency, duration, strategies, professionals involved, and outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sixteen studies were included, most in the United States (<em>n</em> = 8; 50 %), predominantly involving adults (<em>n</em> = 12; 75 %) and both sexes (n = 12; 75 %), with a sample of 1458 participants. Motivational interviewing was the most frequent theoretical (<em>n</em> = 6; 37.5 %). Walking was the most counseled (n = 6; 37.5 %), usually recommended weekly (<em>n</em> = 9; 56.3 %), with sessions ranging from 15 to 90 min. Counseling intensity varied across light, moderate, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. More than half of the studies (<em>n</em> = 11; 68.8 %) reported increases in physical activity levels.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Counseling shows potential to promote active lifestyles among PLHIV, particularly when based on behavioral theories, though challenges remain regarding the description of strategies and adaptation to this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 108493"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145898139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108492
Barbara Cristina Cruz Aguiar , Tatiana Rehder Gonçalves , Tatiana Henriques Leite , Luana Senna Blaudt , Lorrayne Santiago Machado de Barros , Laís Silva de Oliveira , Laylla Ribeiro Macedo , Amanda de Moura Souza
Objective
This systematic review examined the association between adolescent overweight and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in adulthood.
Methods
We searched for studies published between 2014 and 2024 that included adults (aged 20 years or older) who had been classified as having overweight and/or obesity during adolescence (aged 10 to 19 years). PubMed, Embase, Scopus, BVS/LILACS, and SciELO were searched between April and May 2024. Two reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessments.
Results
Eighteen of the 1256 records screened met the eligibility criteria. All studies used a cohort design, and most of them were conducted in high-income countries, with a median follow-up of 30 years. A consistent positive association was found between adolescent obesity and increased all-cause mortality in adulthood, particularly related to cardiovascular diseases. Hazard ratios for all-cause mortality ranged from 1.3 to 2.7, with higher risks observed among adolescents with severe obesity. Most studies (70 %) were classified as having high methodological quality, reflecting strong methodological rigor and a low risk of bias. Heterogeneity among studies precluded a meta-analysis.
Conclusions
Since adolescent obesity is a strong predictor of premature adult mortality, early prevention and intervention strategies in this age group may help reduce long-term mortality risk.
{"title":"Association between adolescent overweight and adult mortality risk: A systematic review","authors":"Barbara Cristina Cruz Aguiar , Tatiana Rehder Gonçalves , Tatiana Henriques Leite , Luana Senna Blaudt , Lorrayne Santiago Machado de Barros , Laís Silva de Oliveira , Laylla Ribeiro Macedo , Amanda de Moura Souza","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This systematic review examined the association between adolescent overweight and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in adulthood.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched for studies published between 2014 and 2024 that included adults (aged 20 years or older) who had been classified as having overweight and/or obesity during adolescence (aged 10 to 19 years). PubMed, Embase, Scopus, BVS/LILACS, and SciELO were searched between April and May 2024. Two reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessments.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eighteen of the 1256 records screened met the eligibility criteria. All studies used a cohort design, and most of them were conducted in high-income countries, with a median follow-up of 30 years. A consistent positive association was found between adolescent obesity and increased all-cause mortality in adulthood, particularly related to cardiovascular diseases. Hazard ratios for all-cause mortality ranged from 1.3 to 2.7, with higher risks observed among adolescents with severe obesity. Most studies (70 %) were classified as having high methodological quality, reflecting strong methodological rigor and a low risk of bias. Heterogeneity among studies precluded a meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Since adolescent obesity is a strong predictor of premature adult mortality, early prevention and intervention strategies in this age group may help reduce long-term mortality risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 108492"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108491
Todd Burus , Krystle A. Lang Kuhs , Ashish A. Deshmukh , Haluk Damgacioglu
Objective
Despite known state and regional differences, United States (US) county-level patterns of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancer incidence remain unexplored.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed US county-level HPV-associated cancer incidence rates from 2008 to 2022 using the US Cancer Statistics Incidence Analytic Database to identify geographic clusters of high and low incidence. Clusters were identified using the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic and assessed for differences in cluster-level sociodemographic characteristics and sex-and-site-specific incidence.
Results
We found 373 hot spot and 409 cold spot counties, with median incidence rates of 16.14 and 10.62 per 100,000, respectively. Hot spot counties were particularly concentrated in Central Appalachia, the northern portion of the Mississippi Delta, and northern Florida. Compared to cold spots, hot spot counties were more rural (median, 72.02 % vs. 42.09 %) and had higher poverty (median, 17.71 % vs 10.51 %). The largest disparities between cluster-level incidence rates were observed in oropharyngeal and vulvar cancers, with rates over 60 % higher in hot spot counties than cold spot counties.
Conclusion
Our study identified distinct geographic clusters with disproportionately high HPV-associated cancer incidence. These findings highlight areas where intensified prevention and control efforts, including direct vaccination, screening, and outreach efforts, are needed to eliminate HPV-related cancer disparities.
{"title":"Geographic clusters of human papillomavirus-associated cancer incidence in the US, 2008–2022","authors":"Todd Burus , Krystle A. Lang Kuhs , Ashish A. Deshmukh , Haluk Damgacioglu","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Despite known state and regional differences, United States (US) county-level patterns of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancer incidence remain unexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed US county-level HPV-associated cancer incidence rates from 2008 to 2022 using the US Cancer Statistics Incidence Analytic Database to identify geographic clusters of high and low incidence. Clusters were identified using the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic and assessed for differences in cluster-level sociodemographic characteristics and sex-and-site-specific incidence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found 373 hot spot and 409 cold spot counties, with median incidence rates of 16.14 and 10.62 per 100,000, respectively. Hot spot counties were particularly concentrated in Central Appalachia, the northern portion of the Mississippi Delta, and northern Florida. Compared to cold spots, hot spot counties were more rural (median, 72.02 % vs. 42.09 %) and had higher poverty (median, 17.71 % vs 10.51 %). The largest disparities between cluster-level incidence rates were observed in oropharyngeal and vulvar cancers, with rates over 60 % higher in hot spot counties than cold spot counties.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study identified distinct geographic clusters with disproportionately high HPV-associated cancer incidence. These findings highlight areas where intensified prevention and control efforts, including direct vaccination, screening, and outreach efforts, are needed to eliminate HPV-related cancer disparities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 108491"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145857489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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