Near-infrared probes based on the phenanthridinium for dynamic monitoring of viscosity fluctuations during mitophagy

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Dyes and Pigments Pub Date : 2024-10-06 DOI:10.1016/j.dyepig.2024.112479

Hong-Xia Wang , Jing-Yu Zhao , Hui Wang , Huan Ma , Jian-Feng Ge , Ru Sun

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Abstract

Abnormal changes in the mitochondrial microenvironment can cause a variety of diseases. Consequently, based on the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) theory, three hemicyanine fluorescent probes 1a-c were designed and developed by linking the phenanthridine group with different electron donor groups for the dynamic detection of mitochondrial viscosity in this paper. They have the advantages of near-infrared emission, excellent pH stability and viscosity sensitivity. Optical experiments showed that the maximum absorption and emission wavelengths of the probes in different solvents located at 411 − 529 nm and 623 − 684 nm with large Stokes shifts of 133 – 230 nm. In addition, when the viscosity increased from 0.89 cP to 856 cP, their fluorescence intensities in glycerol enhanced by 115-fold, 83-fold and 303-fold compared with water, respectively. The fluorescence intensities of probes showed excellent fit to the Forster Hoffmann equation, and exhibited nearly OFF-ON response to viscosity. Moreover, the probe 1a with good photostability and low cytotoxicity could target mitochondria. It was verified that 1a also could detect variation in mitochondrial viscosity during autophagy by modelling starvation and drug-induced (rapamycin and nystatin) in HeLa cells. Therefore, this study provides a useful probe for the analysis of mitophagy process in HeLa cells by the viscosity variation of mitochondria.

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基于菲啶的近红外探针用于动态监测有丝分裂过程中的粘度波动

线粒体微环境的异常变化可导致多种疾病。因此，本文基于扭曲分子内电荷转移（TICT）理论，通过将菲啶基团与不同的电子供体基团连接，设计并开发了三种半氰基荧光探针 1a-c，用于线粒体粘度的动态检测。它们具有近红外发射、优异的 pH 稳定性和粘度敏感性等优点。光学实验表明，探针在不同溶剂中的最大吸收和发射波长分别位于 411 - 529 nm 和 623 - 684 nm，并有 133 - 230 nm 的较大斯托克斯位移。此外，当粘度从 0.89 cP 增加到 856 cP 时，探针在甘油中的荧光强度比在水中分别增强了 115 倍、83 倍和 303 倍。探针的荧光强度与福斯特-霍夫曼方程有很好的拟合，对粘度的反应几乎是 "OFF-ON"。此外，探针 1a 具有良好的光稳定性和较低的细胞毒性，可以靶向线粒体。通过模拟饥饿和药物诱导（雷帕霉素和硝司他丁），在 HeLa 细胞中验证了 1a 也能检测自噬过程中线粒体粘度的变化。因此，这项研究为通过线粒体的粘度变化分析 HeLa 细胞的有丝分裂过程提供了一个有用的探针。

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来源期刊

Dyes and Pigments 工程技术-材料科学：纺织

CiteScore

8.20

自引率

13.30%

发文量

933

审稿时长

33 days

期刊介绍： Dyes and Pigments covers the scientific and technical aspects of the chemistry and physics of dyes, pigments and their intermediates. Emphasis is placed on the properties of the colouring matters themselves rather than on their applications or the system in which they may be applied. Thus the journal accepts research and review papers on the synthesis of dyes, pigments and intermediates, their physical or chemical properties, e.g. spectroscopic, surface, solution or solid state characteristics, the physical aspects of their preparation, e.g. precipitation, nucleation and growth, crystal formation, liquid crystalline characteristics, their photochemical, ecological or biological properties and the relationship between colour and chemical constitution. However, papers are considered which deal with the more fundamental aspects of colourant application and of the interactions of colourants with substrates or media. The journal will interest a wide variety of workers in a range of disciplines whose work involves dyes, pigments and their intermediates, and provides a platform for investigators with common interests but diverse fields of activity such as cosmetics, reprographics, dye and pigment synthesis, medical research, polymers, etc.