{"title":"Dynamic optical and thermal modulation of electrochromic smart windows and sunglasses based on benzothiadiazole-extended viologen derivatives","authors":"Yu-Zhen Li, Zhi-hao Cui, Dong-yun Jiang, Pu-yang Tang, Cheng-bin Gong, Qian Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2024.112543","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Smart windows can regulate indoor lighting and heat intensity by isolating external light and heat, thereby achieving the goal of saving building energy consumption. However, traditional smart windows require additional power consumption to adjust color changes and thus regulate transmittance, and can only achieve relatively single control of light intensity and heat. Developing smart windows with dynamic photothermal modulation remains challenging. This paper reports two novel benzothiadiazole extended viologen derivatives DBTBB and DBTBH. The carboxymethylcellulose sodium hydrogel-state electrochromic devices based on DBTBB and DBTBH showed good electrochromic performance including a low operating voltage, a rapid response time, a high optical contrast, excellent cycling stability, and a large coloration efficiency. A dynamic photothermal modulation electrochromic smart window self-powered by a small commercial solar panel was constructed using the electrochromic hydrogel based on DBTBB, which could sense the changes in external irradiating light intensity and dynamically adjust the indoor light and heat without additional consumption of electricity, and the adjusting capability increased with the increase of irradiating light intensity. In addition, the application in smart color changing sunglasses self-powered by a solar panel was also investigated, the electrochromic sunglasses showed dynamic transmittance modulation in response to irradiating light intensities with good cycling stability, a gradual change in purple color from light to dark was observed as the irradiating light intensity increased from 105 → 225→415 → 650→920 lux. Moreover, both text and a colored logo were clearly displayed under different irradiating light intensities. This provides new methods for electrochromic applications in commercial settings and improving human quality of life, thereby creating new possibilities in the increasingly intelligent world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112543"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Dyes and Pigments","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143720824006090","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, APPLIED","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Smart windows can regulate indoor lighting and heat intensity by isolating external light and heat, thereby achieving the goal of saving building energy consumption. However, traditional smart windows require additional power consumption to adjust color changes and thus regulate transmittance, and can only achieve relatively single control of light intensity and heat. Developing smart windows with dynamic photothermal modulation remains challenging. This paper reports two novel benzothiadiazole extended viologen derivatives DBTBB and DBTBH. The carboxymethylcellulose sodium hydrogel-state electrochromic devices based on DBTBB and DBTBH showed good electrochromic performance including a low operating voltage, a rapid response time, a high optical contrast, excellent cycling stability, and a large coloration efficiency. A dynamic photothermal modulation electrochromic smart window self-powered by a small commercial solar panel was constructed using the electrochromic hydrogel based on DBTBB, which could sense the changes in external irradiating light intensity and dynamically adjust the indoor light and heat without additional consumption of electricity, and the adjusting capability increased with the increase of irradiating light intensity. In addition, the application in smart color changing sunglasses self-powered by a solar panel was also investigated, the electrochromic sunglasses showed dynamic transmittance modulation in response to irradiating light intensities with good cycling stability, a gradual change in purple color from light to dark was observed as the irradiating light intensity increased from 105 → 225→415 → 650→920 lux. Moreover, both text and a colored logo were clearly displayed under different irradiating light intensities. This provides new methods for electrochromic applications in commercial settings and improving human quality of life, thereby creating new possibilities in the increasingly intelligent world.
期刊介绍：
Dyes and Pigments covers the scientific and technical aspects of the chemistry and physics of dyes, pigments and their intermediates. Emphasis is placed on the properties of the colouring matters themselves rather than on their applications or the system in which they may be applied.
Thus the journal accepts research and review papers on the synthesis of dyes, pigments and intermediates, their physical or chemical properties, e.g. spectroscopic, surface, solution or solid state characteristics, the physical aspects of their preparation, e.g. precipitation, nucleation and growth, crystal formation, liquid crystalline characteristics, their photochemical, ecological or biological properties and the relationship between colour and chemical constitution. However, papers are considered which deal with the more fundamental aspects of colourant application and of the interactions of colourants with substrates or media.
The journal will interest a wide variety of workers in a range of disciplines whose work involves dyes, pigments and their intermediates, and provides a platform for investigators with common interests but diverse fields of activity such as cosmetics, reprographics, dye and pigment synthesis, medical research, polymers, etc.
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