Two strategies of enhancing the therapeutic potential of a coumarin probe: Integration of a protonatable moiety and BSA-based nanoparticle formation

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Dyes and Pigments Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI:10.1016/j.dyepig.2024.112475

Gahyun Kim , Jeonghye Han , Van Kieu Thuy Nguyen , Seongman Lee , Suhong Min , Subin Park , Thanh Chung Pham , Songyi Lee

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Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a promising non-invasive approach for cancer treatment, relying on photosensitizers (PSs) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light activation. This study aims to enhance the therapeutic potential of a coumarin-based fluorescent probe by employing two strategic modifications: the integration of a protonatable lysosome-targeting moiety and the formation of bovine serum albumin (BSA)-based nanoparticles. The COM molecule was synthesized with a morpholine moiety to facilitate lysosome targeting and protonation in acidic environments, thereby enhancing ROS production and promoting lysosomal dysfunction for increased cancer cell apoptosis. Additionally, COM was encapsulated in BSA nanoparticles (COM-BSA NPs) to leverage hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding, which enhance ROS generation by promoting the intersystem crossing (ISC) process. Comprehensive photophysical studies confirmed the enhanced ROS generation under acidic conditions and within BSA-based NPs. Cellular experiments demonstrated effective lysosome targeting and anticancer efficacy of both COM and COM-BSA NPs. These findings highlight the dual benefits of maintaining the bioimaging capabilities of coumarin while significantly improving its therapeutic efficacy in PDT applications.

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增强香豆素探针治疗潜力的两种策略：可质子化分子的整合与基于 BSA 的纳米粒子的形成

光动力疗法（PDT）是一种很有前景的非侵入性癌症治疗方法，它依靠光敏剂（PSs）在光激活时产生活性氧（ROS）。本研究旨在通过两种策略性改良来提高香豆素类荧光探针的治疗潜力：一是整合质子可溶酶体靶向分子，二是形成基于牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的纳米颗粒。COM 分子中合成了吗啉基团，以促进溶酶体靶向和在酸性环境中质子化，从而增强 ROS 生成并促进溶酶体功能障碍，增加癌细胞凋亡。此外，COM 还被封装在 BSA 纳米颗粒（COM-BSA NPs）中，以利用疏水相互作用和氢键，通过促进系统间交叉（ISC）过程来增强 ROS 的产生。全面的光物理研究证实，在酸性条件下和基于 BSA 的 NPs 内，ROS 的生成得到了增强。细胞实验证明，COM 和 COM-BSA NPs 都能有效地靶向溶酶体，并具有抗癌功效。这些发现凸显了保持香豆素生物成像能力的双重优势，同时显著提高了其在光透射疗法应用中的疗效。

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来源期刊

Dyes and Pigments 工程技术-材料科学：纺织

CiteScore

8.20

自引率

13.30%

发文量

933

审稿时长

33 days

期刊介绍： Dyes and Pigments covers the scientific and technical aspects of the chemistry and physics of dyes, pigments and their intermediates. Emphasis is placed on the properties of the colouring matters themselves rather than on their applications or the system in which they may be applied. Thus the journal accepts research and review papers on the synthesis of dyes, pigments and intermediates, their physical or chemical properties, e.g. spectroscopic, surface, solution or solid state characteristics, the physical aspects of their preparation, e.g. precipitation, nucleation and growth, crystal formation, liquid crystalline characteristics, their photochemical, ecological or biological properties and the relationship between colour and chemical constitution. However, papers are considered which deal with the more fundamental aspects of colourant application and of the interactions of colourants with substrates or media. The journal will interest a wide variety of workers in a range of disciplines whose work involves dyes, pigments and their intermediates, and provides a platform for investigators with common interests but diverse fields of activity such as cosmetics, reprographics, dye and pigment synthesis, medical research, polymers, etc.