Nutrient recovery from urine: Urea adsorption onto biochar integrated with Na-chabazite as urease inhibitor

IF 11.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Resources Conservation and Recycling Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI:10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107955

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Abstract

This study presents an innovative technical integration for concomitant nutrient recovery from source-separated urine. While cation exchange is known for efficient K⁺ recovery, it faces competition due to the high molarity of NH₄⁺ in hydrolyzed urine. This study proposes inhibiting urease activity to facilitate the recovery of K⁺ and urea from fresh urine. Na-chabazite was first proposed as a urease inhibitor in this study, reducing urease activity by 50 %. Wood biochar, with its high porosity (308.0 m²/g) and polar functional groups, shows a urea adsorption capacity of 25.4 mg/g, which can be further improved by steam activation. The isotherm analysis suggests that urea adsorption onto biochar follows a multi-layer adsorption process. Finally, an integrated process is suggested: "Na-chabazite and Biochar adsorption → urea hydrolysis → struvite precipitation + ammonia stripping-acid scrubbing", ensuring efficient recovery of urea, NH₄⁺, PO₄^3-, and K⁺ from source-separated urine.

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从尿液中回收营养物质：生物炭上的尿素吸附与作为尿素酶抑制剂的钠钙镁钾的结合

本研究提出了一种创新的技术集成，可同时从源分离的尿液中回收营养物质。众所周知，阳离子交换能有效回收 K+，但由于水解尿液中 NH4+ 的摩尔浓度较高，阳离子交换面临竞争。本研究建议抑制脲酶活性，以促进从新鲜尿液中回收 K⁺ 和尿素。在这项研究中，首次提出将钠钙石作为脲酶抑制剂，可将脲酶活性降低 50%。木质生物炭具有高孔隙率（308.0 m²/g）和极性官能团，其尿素吸附能力为 25.4 mg/g，通过蒸汽活化可进一步提高吸附能力。等温线分析表明，尿素在生物炭上的吸附遵循多层吸附过程。最后，提出了一种综合工艺："钠长石和生物炭吸附 → 尿素水解 → 硬石膏沉淀 + 氨汽提-酸洗涤"，确保从源分离的尿液中高效回收尿素、NH4+、PO43- 和 K+。

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来源期刊

Resources Conservation and Recycling 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

22.90

自引率

6.10%

发文量

625

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： The journal Resources, Conservation & Recycling welcomes contributions from research, which consider sustainable management and conservation of resources. The journal prioritizes understanding the transformation processes crucial for transitioning toward more sustainable production and consumption systems. It highlights technological, economic, institutional, and policy aspects related to specific resource management practices such as conservation, recycling, and resource substitution, as well as broader strategies like improving resource productivity and restructuring production and consumption patterns. Contributions may address regional, national, or international scales and can range from individual resources or technologies to entire sectors or systems. Authors are encouraged to explore scientific and methodological issues alongside practical, environmental, and economic implications. However, manuscripts focusing solely on laboratory experiments without discussing their broader implications will not be considered for publication in the journal.