Evaluation of anti-tumor activity of molybdenum disulfide nanoflowers per se and in combination with berberine against mammary gland cancer in rats

IF 2.1 4区材料科学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of Nanoparticle Research Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI:10.1007/s11051-024-06153-6

Amna Roheel, Aslam Khan, Fareeha Anwar, Haseeb Ullah, Altaf Ur Rehman, Naveed Ullah, Muhammad Furqan Akhtar, Muhammad Imran Khan, Nabeela Yaseen

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Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the anti-cancerous effect of molybdenum disulfide nanoflowers (MoS₂-NFs) and berberine (BRB) in N-nitroso-N-methyl urea (NMU)-induced breast cancer in female rats. MoS₂-NFs were synthesized using a one-step hydrothermal method, and their structural and morphological properties were characterized using PXRD, FESEM, XPS, BET, and Raman analysis. Computational studies further confirmed our experimental findings. Breast tumors were induced in rats by four doses of NMU (50 mg/kg) at an interval of 3 weeks. Oxidative stress markers, DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, hormonal profiles, and inflammatory mediators were evaluated for chemo-preventive characteristics of MoS₂-NF. Results of our study showed that MoS₂-NFs (3 and 10 mg/kg) and BRB (10 mg/kg) significantly decreased the weight of the mammary gland and enhanced the antioxidant effect. Similarly, reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels showed the anti-cancerous potential of MoS₂ NFs at 3 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and BRB 10 mg/kg, which was further confirmed by histopathological studies and DNA fragmentation proportion. Estrogen and progesterone levels significantly declined in combination treatment groups, whereas individual drug treatment groups also showed satisfactory results. Similarly, reduction in levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and kappa b in all treatment groups indicated test agent efficacy against inflammation and tumor infection. Furthermore, all mitochondrial respiratory complexes, particularly complex I and II + III, activated significantly after individual test substances treatment as compared to combinatory effect, while citrate synthase showed marked efficacy in combination treatment. In conclusion, MoS₂ NFs and BRB showed attribution of anti-tumor potential towards mammary gland carcinoma. However, further studies are needed to assess its safety and efficacy.

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二硫化钼纳米花本身以及与小檗碱联合使用对大鼠乳腺癌抗肿瘤活性的评估

本研究旨在评估二硫化钼纳米花（MoS2-NFs）和小檗碱（BRB）对N-亚硝基-N-甲基脲（NMU）诱导的雌性大鼠乳腺癌的抗癌作用。我们采用一步水热法合成了 MoS2-NFs，并利用 PXRD、FESEM、XPS、BET 和拉曼分析对其结构和形态特性进行了表征。计算研究进一步证实了我们的实验结果。用四次剂量的 NMU（50 毫克/千克）诱导大鼠患乳腺肿瘤，每次间隔 3 周。评估了 MoS2-NF 的氧化应激标记物、DNA 断裂、线粒体呼吸链复合物、荷尔蒙特征和炎症介质的化学预防特性。研究结果表明，MoS2-NF（3 毫克/千克和 10 毫克/千克）和 BRB（10 毫克/千克）能显著降低乳腺重量并增强抗氧化作用。同样，丙二醛（MDA）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）水平的降低也表明，MoS2-NFs（3 毫克/千克、10 毫克/千克）和 BRB（10 毫克/千克）具有抗癌潜力，组织病理学研究和 DNA 片段比例进一步证实了这一点。联合治疗组的雌激素和孕酮水平明显下降，而单药治疗组也取得了令人满意的结果。同样，所有治疗组中 IL-6、TNF-α 和 kappa b 水平的降低也表明了试验药物对炎症和肿瘤感染的疗效。此外，与联合作用相比，单个试验物质治疗后，所有线粒体呼吸复合物，特别是复合物 I 和复合物 II + III，都明显活化，而柠檬酸合成酶在联合治疗中表现出明显的功效。总之，MoS2 NFs 和 BRB 对乳腺癌具有抗肿瘤潜力。不过，还需要进一步研究以评估其安全性和有效性。

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来源期刊

Journal of Nanoparticle Research 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

4.40

自引率

4.00%

发文量

198

审稿时长

3.9 months

期刊介绍： The objective of the Journal of Nanoparticle Research is to disseminate knowledge of the physical, chemical and biological phenomena and processes in structures that have at least one lengthscale ranging from molecular to approximately 100 nm (or submicron in some situations), and exhibit improved and novel properties that are a direct result of their small size. Nanoparticle research is a key component of nanoscience, nanoengineering and nanotechnology. The focus of the Journal is on the specific concepts, properties, phenomena, and processes related to particles, tubes, layers, macromolecules, clusters and other finite structures of the nanoscale size range. Synthesis, assembly, transport, reactivity, and stability of such structures are considered. Development of in-situ and ex-situ instrumentation for characterization of nanoparticles and their interfaces should be based on new principles for probing properties and phenomena not well understood at the nanometer scale. Modeling and simulation may include atom-based quantum mechanics; molecular dynamics; single-particle, multi-body and continuum based models; fractals; other methods suitable for modeling particle synthesis, assembling and interaction processes. Realization and application of systems, structures and devices with novel functions obtained via precursor nanoparticles is emphasized. Approaches may include gas-, liquid-, solid-, and vacuum-based processes, size reduction, chemical- and bio-self assembly. Contributions include utilization of nanoparticle systems for enhancing a phenomenon or process and particle assembling into hierarchical structures, as well as formulation and the administration of drugs. Synergistic approaches originating from different disciplines and technologies, and interaction between the research providers and users in this field, are encouraged.