Personal care products use during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: environmental and public health impact assessment using wastewater-based epidemiology

IF 11.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Water Research Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2024.122624

Nicola Ceolotto, Kishore Jagadeesan, Like Xu, Richard Standerwick, Megan Robertson, Ruth Barden, Julie Barnett, Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern

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Abstract

The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had profound consequences on people's wellbeing, societies and economy worldwide. This manuscript discusses public exposure to chemicals of concern in personal care products (parabens and benzophenones) during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. These were monitored for two years in four catchments (two cities and two towns) in South West England accounting for >1 million people. Results showed slightly higher usage of personal care products in small towns than big cities. Major changes in usage of parabens (p values < 0.05) were observed during national lockdowns (NLs). This is likely due to increased awareness towards personal hygiene. In contrast, benzophenones showed seasonal trends; there were higher correlations with sunshine prevalence and temperature rather than NLs reflecting their usage in sunscreen products. Estimation of per capita intake of parabens and benzophenones using WBE revealed lower intake than the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) established by the EFSA; however, the metabolism factor used was considered putative due to the lack of pharmacokinetic studies. Prediction of environmental exposure revealed peaks of higher impact during NLs and first year of pandemic, nevertheless the overall predicted values were below Predicted No Effect Concentrations (PNEC).

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SARS-CoV-2 大流行期间个人护理产品的使用：利用基于废水的流行病学进行环境和公共卫生影响评估

最近的 SARS-CoV-2 大流行对全世界人民的福祉、社会和经济产生了深远的影响。本手稿讨论了公众在 SARS-CoV-2 大流行期间接触个人护理产品中的相关化学物质（对羟基苯甲酸酯类和二苯甲酮类）的情况。我们在英格兰西南部的四个集水区（两个城市和两个城镇）对这些化学物质进行了为期两年的监测，这些集水区的人口达 100 万。结果显示，小城镇的个人护理产品使用率略高于大城市。在国家禁用期（NL），苯甲酸酯的使用量发生了重大变化（p 值为 0.05）。这可能是由于个人卫生意识的提高。相比之下，二苯甲酮则呈现出季节性趋势；与日照率和气温的相关性更高，而不是与国家禁用期的相关性更高，这反映了二苯甲酮在防晒产品中的使用情况。使用 WBE 估算对羟基苯甲酸酯和二苯甲酮的人均摄入量时发现，其摄入量低于欧洲食品安全局制定的每日允许摄入量 (ADI)；但是，由于缺乏药代动力学研究，所使用的代谢因子被认为是推定的。对环境暴露的预测显示，在 NLs 期间和大流行的第一年，影响峰值较高，但总体预测值低于预测无影响浓度 (PNEC)。

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来源期刊

Water Research 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

20.80

自引率

9.40%

发文量

1307

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： Water Research, along with its open access companion journal Water Research X, serves as a platform for publishing original research papers covering various aspects of the science and technology related to the anthropogenic water cycle, water quality, and its management worldwide. The audience targeted by the journal comprises biologists, chemical engineers, chemists, civil engineers, environmental engineers, limnologists, and microbiologists. The scope of the journal include: •Treatment processes for water and wastewaters (municipal, agricultural, industrial, and on-site treatment), including resource recovery and residuals management; •Urban hydrology including sewer systems, stormwater management, and green infrastructure; •Drinking water treatment and distribution; •Potable and non-potable water reuse; •Sanitation, public health, and risk assessment; •Anaerobic digestion, solid and hazardous waste management, including source characterization and the effects and control of leachates and gaseous emissions; •Contaminants (chemical, microbial, anthropogenic particles such as nanoparticles or microplastics) and related water quality sensing, monitoring, fate, and assessment; •Anthropogenic impacts on inland, tidal, coastal and urban waters, focusing on surface and ground waters, and point and non-point sources of pollution; •Environmental restoration, linked to surface water, groundwater and groundwater remediation; •Analysis of the interfaces between sediments and water, and between water and atmosphere, focusing specifically on anthropogenic impacts; •Mathematical modelling, systems analysis, machine learning, and beneficial use of big data related to the anthropogenic water cycle; •Socio-economic, policy, and regulations studies.