Whole-genome sequencing of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile reveals multidrug resistance and virulence genes in strains of environmental and animal origin.

IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES BMC Veterinary Research Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI:10.1186/s12917-024-04332-0
Daniela Tercero-Guerrero, José L Blanco, Marta Hernández, Laura Torre-Fuentes, Julio Alvarez, Marta E García
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Abstract

Background: Clostridioides difficile has been recognized as an emerging pathogen in both humans and animals. In this context, antimicrobial resistance plays a major role in driving the spread of this disease, often leading to therapeutic failure. Moreover, recent increases in community-acquired C. difficile infections have led to greater numbers of investigations into the animal origin of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic similarities between 23 environmental and animal isolates by using whole-genome sequencing and to determine antimicrobial resistance and virulence factor genes in toxigenic C. difficile strains to provide important data for the development of diagnostic methods or treatment guidelines.

Results: The most common sequence type was ST11 (87%), followed by ST2 (9%) and ST19 (4%). In addition, 86.95% of the strains exhibited multidrug resistance, with antimicrobial resistance to mainly aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, tetracycline and B-lactams; nevertheless, one strain also carried other resistance genes that conferred resistance to lincosamide, macrolides, streptogramin a, streptogramin b, pleuromutilin, oxazolidinone and amphenicol. In addition, a wide range of virulence factor genes, such as those encoding adherence factors, exoenzymes and toxins, were found. However, we observed variations between toxinotypes, ribotypes and sequence types.

Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated significant genetic similarity between ST11 strains isolated from environmental sampling and from animal origin; these strains may represent a reservoir for community-acquired C. difficile infection, which is becoming a growing public health threat due to the development of multridug resistant (MDR) bacteria and the number of virulence factors detected.

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致毒艰难梭菌的全基因组测序揭示了环境和动物来源菌株的多药耐药性和毒力基因。
背景:艰难梭菌已被认为是一种新出现的人类和动物病原体。在这种情况下,抗菌药耐药性在这种疾病的传播中起着重要作用,往往导致治疗失败。此外,近来社区获得性艰难梭菌感染的增加也导致了对该疾病动物来源的更多调查。本研究旨在通过全基因组测序评估 23 个环境和动物分离株之间的遗传相似性,并确定毒性艰难梭菌菌株的抗菌药耐药性和毒力因子基因,从而为诊断方法或治疗指南的制定提供重要数据:最常见的序列类型是 ST11(87%),其次是 ST2(9%)和 ST19(4%)。此外,86.95%的菌株表现出多药耐药性,主要对氨基糖苷类、氟喹诺酮类、四环素类和B-内酰胺类药物具有耐药性;但也有一株菌株携带其他耐药基因,对林可霉素类、大环内酯类、链霉素a、链霉素b、胸腺肽、恶唑烷酮和安替比林具有耐药性。此外,我们还发现了多种毒力因子基因,如编码黏附因子、外酵素和毒素的基因。然而,我们观察到毒素型、核糖型和序列类型之间存在差异:本研究的结果表明,从环境采样和动物来源中分离出的 ST11 菌株之间具有显著的遗传相似性;这些菌株可能是社区获得性艰难梭菌感染的贮藏库,由于耐多杀菌素(MDR)细菌的发展和所检测到的毒力因子的数量,艰难梭菌感染正成为一个日益严重的公共卫生威胁。
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来源期刊
BMC Veterinary Research
BMC Veterinary Research VETERINARY SCIENCES-
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
3.80%
发文量
420
审稿时长
3-6 weeks
期刊介绍: BMC Veterinary Research is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on all aspects of veterinary science and medicine, including the epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of medical conditions of domestic, companion, farm and wild animals, as well as the biomedical processes that underlie their health.
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