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Survey in ruminants from Rwanda revealed high diversity and prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales. 对卢旺达反刍动物的调查显示,耐广谱头孢菌素肠杆菌的多样性和流行率都很高。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04359-3
Emmanuel Irimaso, Helga Keinprecht, Michael P Szostak, Adriana Cabal Rosel, Beatrix Stessl, Amelie Desvars-Larrive, Christophe Ntakirutimana, Otto W Fischer, Thomas Wittek, Elke Müller, Andrea T Feßler, Sascha D Braun, Stefan Schwarz, Stefan Monecke, Ralf Ehricht, Joachim Spergser, Werner Ruppitsch, Igor Loncaric

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Enterobacterales constitutes a significant threat to the health of both humans and animals and a socioeconomic problem. Enterobacterales, mainly Escherichia coli, carrying β-lactamases has become one of the main indicators to estimate the burden of AMR in animals within "One Health" approach.

Objectives: To assess the presence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales associated with ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats) habituated in all five provinces of Rwanda and to perform in depth characterization of isolates.

Methods: We screened 454 rectal swabs from 203 cows, 170 goats, and 81 sheep and selective isolation of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales was conducted. Isolates were identified as a members of the order Enterobacterales by MALDI-TOF MS and further characterized by susceptibility testing and by whole-genome sequencing.

Results: Out of the 454 samples, 64 extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales were isolated from 58 animals. Isolates belonged to seven bacterial species and were identified as Escherichia coli (n = 54), Enterobacter bugandensis (n = 4), Enterobacter mori (n = 2), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 2), Enterobacter dykesii (n = 1), and Citrobacter freundii (n = 1). All isolates displayed an Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) phenotype, with exception of Citrobacter freundii isolate displayed both an ESBL and AmpC phenotype. In addition, all Enterobacter isolates were identified as stably de-repressed AmpC-producers. ESBLs genes, blaCTX-M-15 was predominant. Resistance to tetracycline and tet(A) was most frequently observed among non-β-lactam resistance. Forty-eight isolates displayed multidrug-resistance phenotypes. A shiga toxin-producing E. coli and an enterotoxigenic E. coli isolate were observed. Genome comparisons revealed thirty-five E. coli sequence types (ST) (ST10, ST307 being predominate).

Conclusions: Considering the high proximity between ruminants and humans in Rwanda, the dissemination of antimicrobial drug resistance highlights the public health threats and requires the joint and multisectoral action of human and veterinary medicine, at human-animal-environment interfaces. Therefore, it is important to establish national and global "One Health" surveillance programs of AMR to tackle the antibiotic-resistant crisis in human and veterinary medicine.

背景:肠杆菌的抗菌药耐药性(AMR)对人类和动物的健康构成重大威胁,也是一个社会经济问题。携带β-内酰胺酶的肠杆菌(主要是大肠埃希菌)已成为 "同一健康 "方法中估算动物AMR负担的主要指标之一:评估卢旺达所有五个省的反刍动物(牛、绵羊、山羊)中是否存在耐广谱头孢菌素的肠杆菌,并对分离物进行深入鉴定:方法:我们对来自 203 头奶牛、170 只山羊和 81 只绵羊的 454 份直肠拭子进行了筛查,并对耐广谱头孢菌素肠杆菌进行了选择性分离。通过 MALDI-TOF MS 鉴定出分离菌属于肠杆菌科,并通过药敏试验和全基因组测序进一步确定其特征:结果:在 454 份样本中,从 58 只动物体内分离出 64 个耐扩展谱头孢菌素肠杆菌。分离菌属于 7 个细菌种类,分别为大肠埃希菌(54 个)、布氏肠杆菌(4 个)、莫氏肠杆菌(2 个)、肺炎克雷伯菌(2 个)、堤坝肠杆菌(1 个)和弗氏柠檬杆菌(1 个)。所有分离菌株都显示了广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBL)表型,只有弗伦德柠檬酸杆菌分离菌株同时显示了 ESBL 和 AmpC 表型。此外,所有分离出的肠杆菌都被鉴定为稳定去抑制的 AmpC 生产者。ESBLs基因中,blaCTX-M-15占主导地位。对四环素和 tet(A)的耐药性是非β-内酰胺耐药性中最常见的。48 个分离株显示出多重耐药表型。观察到一个产生志贺毒素的大肠杆菌和一个肠毒性大肠杆菌分离株。基因组比较显示有 35 种大肠杆菌序列类型(ST)(以 ST10 和 ST307 型为主):考虑到卢旺达反刍动物与人类的高度接近性,抗菌药物耐药性的传播凸显了对公共卫生的威胁,需要人类医学和兽医学在人类-动物-环境界面采取多部门联合行动。因此,必须建立国家和全球 AMR "统一健康 "监测计划,以应对人类和兽医领域的抗生素耐药性危机。
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引用次数: 0
Mycoplasma synoviae elongation factor thermo stable is an adhesion-associated protein that enters cells by endocytosis and stimulates DF-1 cell proliferation. 滑膜支原体热稳定伸长因子是一种粘附相关蛋白,通过内吞作用进入细胞,刺激 DF-1 细胞增殖。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04374-4
Yunhai Zhao, Haiyun Ma, Qing Wang, Xiaoxiao He, Xiaoyong Xing, Xiaochun Wu, Guomei Quan, Shijun Bao

Mycoplasma synoviae is an important avian pathogen that causes respiratory infections and arthritis symptoms in chickens and turkeys, resulting in significant economic damage to the poultry farming industry worldwide. Cell adhesion is a vital stage of Mycoplasma infection, and the proteins associated with this process play an important role in its pathogenesis. Elongation factor thermo stable (EF-Ts) is an important factor in prokaryotic biosynthesis that serves as a guanosine exchange factor for elongation factor thermo unstable (EF-Tu). To date, little is known about the role of EF-Ts in Mycoplasma infection. In this study, we identified EF-Ts as an immunogenic protein in M. synoviae through liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) screening. We constructed an E. coli recombinant expression vector and prepared a highly efficient rabbit antiserum. Immunoblot analysis and suspension immunofluorescence revealed that the EF-Ts is located in both the cell membrane and cytoplasm. The prepared rabbit EF-Ts antiserum exhibited complement-dependent Mycoplasma-killing activity and inhibited the adhesion of rEF-Ts and M. synoviae to DF-1 cells. An in-vitro binding assay showed that EF-Ts could bind to fibronectin (Fn) and chicken plasminogen (cPlg) in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, EF-Ts could internalize into cells through lipid rafts and clathrin-dependent endocytosis and induce DF-1 cell proliferation. In conclusion, our studies demonstrated that MS EF-Ts is a potentially immunogenic, novel adhesion protein that acts as a critical virulence factor in M. synoviae adhesion to host cells during infection. These studies further deepen our understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of M. synoviae.

滑膜支原体是一种重要的禽类病原体,会导致鸡和火鸡出现呼吸道感染和关节炎症状,给全球家禽养殖业造成重大经济损失。细胞粘附是支原体感染的一个重要阶段,与这一过程相关的蛋白质在其致病过程中发挥着重要作用。热稳定延伸因子(EF-Ts)是原核生物合成过程中的一个重要因子,是热不稳定延伸因子(EF-Tu)的鸟苷酸交换因子。迄今为止,人们对 EF-Ts 在支原体感染中的作用知之甚少。在本研究中,我们通过液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)筛选确定了 EF-Ts 是滑膜支原体中的一种免疫原蛋白。我们构建了大肠杆菌重组表达载体,并制备了高效的兔抗血清。免疫印迹分析和悬浮免疫荧光显示,EF-Ts 位于细胞膜和细胞质中。制备的兔EF-Ts抗血清具有补体依赖性支原体杀伤活性,并能抑制rEF-Ts和滑膜霉菌对DF-1细胞的粘附。体外结合试验表明,EF-Ts 能以剂量依赖的方式与纤维粘连蛋白(Fn)和鸡纤溶酶原(cPlg)结合。此外,EF-Ts 还能通过脂质筏和凝集素依赖性内吞作用内化到细胞中,并诱导 DF-1 细胞增殖。总之,我们的研究表明,MS EF-Ts 是一种具有潜在免疫原性的新型粘附蛋白,是滑膜霉菌在感染过程中粘附宿主细胞的关键毒力因子。这些研究进一步加深了我们对滑膜炎甲虫致病机制的了解。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative study of immunoassays, a microelectromechanical systems-based biosensor, and RT-QuIC for the diagnosis of chronic wasting disease in white-tailed deer. 用于诊断白尾鹿慢性消耗性疾病的免疫测定、基于微机电系统的生物传感器和 RT-QuIC 的比较研究。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04351-x
Estela Kobashigawa, Sura A Muhsin, Amjed Abdullah, Keara Allen, Emily A Sinnott, Michael Z Zhang, Sherri Russell, Mahmoud Almasri, Shuping Zhang

Background: Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in cervids. The disease is caused by a pathogenic prion, namely PrPSc. Currently, diagnosis of CWD relies on IHC detection of PrPSc in the obex or retropharyngeal lymph nodes (RPLN) or ELISA screening of obex and RPLN followed by IHC confirmation of positive results. In this study, we assessed the performance characteristics of two immunoassays: CWD Ag-ELISA and TeSeE ELISA, RT-QuIC, and MEMS biosensor via testing 30 CWD + and 30 CWD- white-tailed deer RPLN samples.

Results: Both CWD Ag-ELISA and TeSeE ELISA correctly identified all CWD + and CWD- samples. A greater intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) in S/P ratios was observed for the TeSeE ELISA (16.52%), compared to CWD Ag-ELISA (9.49%). However, the high CV did not affect the qualitative results of triplicate assays when the corresponding manufacturer's cutoff was used. The MEMS biosensor not only correctly identified all CWD + and CWD- RPLN samples, but also demonstrated a 100% detection rate for all CWD + samples at dilutions from 10- 0 to 10- 3. Evaluation of RT-QuIC indicated that the rate of false negative reactions decreased from 21.98% at 10- 2 dilution to 0% at 10- 4 and 10- 5 dilutions; and the rate of false positive reactions reduced from 56.42% at 10- 2 dilution to 8.89% and 2.22% at 10- 4 and 10- 5 dilutions, respectively. Based on a stringent threshold of 2 x the first 10 fluorescent readings of each well and a final cutoff of 2/3 positive reactions for each sample, RT-QuIC correctly identified all positive and negative samples at 10- 4 and 10- 5 dilutions. Both MEMS biosensor and RT-QuIC achieved 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity under the experimental conditions described in this study.

Conclusions: The two immunoassays (CWD Ag-ELISA and TeSeE ELISA) performed comparably on white-tailed deer RPLN samples. MEMS biosensor is a reliable portable tool for CWD diagnosis and RT-QuIC can be used for routine testing of CWD if appropriate testing parameters and interpretive criteria are applied.

背景:慢性消耗性疾病(CWD)是一种致命的颈鹿传染性海绵状脑病。该病由致病性朊病毒(即 PrPSc)引起。目前,对 CWD 的诊断依赖于 IHC 检测膀胱或咽后淋巴结 (RPLN) 中的 PrPSc,或对膀胱和咽后淋巴结进行 ELISA 筛查,然后对阳性结果进行 IHC 确认。在本研究中,我们评估了两种免疫测定方法的性能特征:通过检测 30 份 CWD + 和 30 份 CWD- 白尾鹿 RPLN 样本,评估了 CWD Ag-ELISA 和 TeSeE ELISA、RT-QuIC 以及 MEMS 生物传感器的性能特点:结果:CWD Ag-ELISA 和 TeSeE ELISA 都能正确鉴定所有 CWD + 和 CWD- 样品。与CWD Ag-ELISA(9.49%)相比,TeSeE ELISA(16.52%)的S/P比值的测定内变异系数(CV)更大。不过,在使用相应的制造商临界值时,高 CV 值并不影响一式三份检测的定性结果。MEMS 生物传感器不仅能正确识别所有 CWD + 和 CWD- RPLN 样品,而且在稀释度为 10- 0 至 10- 3 时,对所有 CWD + 样品的检出率均为 100%。对 RT-QuIC 的评估表明,假阴性反应率从 10- 2 稀释度时的 21.98% 降至 10- 4 和 10- 5 稀释度时的 0%;假阳性反应率从 10- 2 稀释度时的 56.42% 分别降至 10- 4 和 10- 5 稀释度时的 8.89% 和 2.22%。根据每孔前 10 个荧光读数 2 倍的严格阈值和每个样本 2/3 阳性反应的最终截止值,RT-QuIC 能正确识别 10- 4 和 10- 5 稀释度的所有阳性和阴性样本。在本研究描述的实验条件下,MEMS 生物传感器和 RT-QuIC 的灵敏度和特异性均达到 100%:结论:两种免疫测定(CWD Ag-ELISA 和 TeSeE ELISA)在白尾鹿 RPLN 样品上的表现相当。MEMS 生物传感器是诊断 CWD 的可靠便携式工具,如果采用适当的检测参数和解释标准,RT-QuIC 可用于 CWD 的常规检测。
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引用次数: 0
First report of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) in pigs from Poland. 首次报告波兰猪只感染传染性肠胃炎病毒 (TGEV) 和猪呼吸道冠状病毒 (PRCV)。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04364-6
Marta Antas, Monika Olech

Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) are swine coronaviruses belonging to the genus Alphacoronavirus in the family Coronaviridae. To date, there are no reports on the prevalence and genetic characterization of these viruses in domestic pigs from Poland. In this study, 828 serum samples were tested by TGEV/PRCV immunoassay to estimate TGEV and PRCV seroprevalence, while 277 nasal swabs and 221 stool samples were tested by real-time PCR to detect viral RNA. Our results revealed that 2.2% (95% CI 1.2, 3.2) of serum samples were positive for anti-TGEV antibodies, while 12.2% (95% CI 9.8, 14.4) of samples were positive for anti-PRCV antibodies. 2.5% (95% CI 1.5, 2.6) and 5.2% (95% CI 3.7, 6.7) of serum samples were inconclusive for TGEV and PRCV, respectively. RNA of TGEV was not detected in any of the tested samples, while PRCV RNA was detected in 6.22% of samples. Genetic and phylogenetic analysis revealed that all Polish PRCV strains were closely related to European and Korean PRCV strains than to American strains. Some of the Polish PRCV strains have a 672 nt deletion at the same position at the 5' end of the S gene as other European and Korean PRCV strains, suggesting that they originated from the same precursor. Other Polish PRCV strains had a 690 nt deletion that differed in size and location from any of the known PRCV strains. This may suggest that these Polish PRCVs may have originated from different ancestor. Furthermore, the Polish PRCV strains showed some unique changes in their sequences, which may reflect their evolution. This study is the first report on the prevalence of TGEV/PRCV in pigs from Poland. In addition, this is the first report on the genetic characterization of Polish PRCV strains, which provide new information on PRCV heterogeneity.

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)和猪呼吸道冠状病毒(PRCV)是猪冠状病毒,属于冠状病毒科 Alphacoronavirus 属。迄今为止,还没有关于这些病毒在波兰家猪中的流行情况和遗传特征的报告。在这项研究中,我们用 TGEV/PRCV 免疫测定法检测了 828 份血清样本,以估计 TGEV 和 PRCV 的血清流行率;同时用实时 PCR 检测了 277 份鼻拭子样本和 221 份粪便样本,以检测病毒 RNA。结果显示,2.2%(95% CI 1.2,3.2)的血清样本抗 TGEV 抗体呈阳性,12.2%(95% CI 9.8,14.4)的样本抗 PRCV 抗体呈阳性。2.5%(95% CI 1.5,2.6)和 5.2%(95% CI 3.7,6.7)的血清样本对 TGEV 和 PRCV 的检测结果不确定。在所有检测样本中均未检测到 TGEV 的 RNA,而在 6.22% 的样本中检测到了 PRCV RNA。遗传和系统发育分析表明,波兰的所有PRCV毒株与欧洲和韩国的PRCV毒株的亲缘关系都比与美国毒株的亲缘关系密切。波兰的一些PRCV毒株与欧洲和韩国的PRCV毒株一样,在S基因5'端有一个672 nt的缺失,这表明它们起源于同一个前体。其他波兰的 PRCV 株系有一个 690 nt 的缺失,其大小和位置与任何已知的 PRCV 株系都不同。这可能表明这些波兰PRCV可能起源于不同的祖先。此外,波兰的PRCV毒株在序列上也出现了一些独特的变化,这可能反映了它们的进化过程。本研究首次报道了 TGEV/PRCV 在波兰猪群中的流行情况。此外,这也是第一份关于波兰 PRCV 株系遗传特征的报告,为 PRCV 的异质性提供了新的信息。
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引用次数: 0
Cleavage and in vitro cultivation rates monitoring in culture media supplemented with energy sources, non-essential amino acids, and antioxidants in the buffalo embryos. 在添加了能量源、非必需氨基酸和抗氧化剂的培养基中监测水牛胚胎的裂解率和体外培养率。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04118-4
Eman M Abu El-Naga, Montaser E Ali, Rawda H Ali, Heba F Hozyen, Hassan A Hussein

The study was designed to monitor the cleavage rate (CR) and in-vitro cultivation rate (IVC) after addition of energy sources, non-essential amino acids, and antioxidants to the Synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF) and FertiCult. After in-vitro maturation and in-vitro fertilization, presumptive zygotes were cultured in one of two culture media: FertiCult media and SOF medium, supplemented with pyruvate, glucose, and sodium lactate as energy sources, as well as 10, 20, 250, 500, and 750 mg non-essential amino acids, and antioxidants. All stages of cleavage rate (CR), and in-vitro cultivation rate (IVC) of embryonic development including morula stage (MOR) and blastocyst (BLAS) have been assessed. The findings revealed that there were no significant differences in the CR between the control and other treated groups with sources of energy when added to SOF media (P > 0.05), while there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the IVC of embryonic development between groups (The percentages of MOR stage in the control, pyruvate, glucose and mixture of source of energy (MIX) were at 50%, 62.5%, 60%, and 63.6%, respectively). The highest percentage of the BLAS was recorded after SOF supplementation with glucose (40%). Similarly, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the CR between control and FertiCult supplemented with sources of energy, while the IVC stages increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the FertiCult media supplemented with glucose, pyruvate, sodium lactate, and MIX. The percentages of the MOR stage in the control, pyruvate, glucose and mix media were at 50%, 55.6%, 55.6%, 54.5%, 57.1% respectively. The lowest percentage of the BLAS was recorded after FertiCult supplementation with pyruvate (11.1%). Replenishing the SOF maturation media with 20 mg of non-essential amino acids significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the MOR stage (100%). There was also an improvement in the development of BLAS stage, where it reached 31.2% and 47.4% in the SOF maturation media supplemented with 10, and 750 mg non-essential amino acids, respectively. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in neither CR nor IVC between control and FertiCult supplemented with antioxidants. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the MOR stages (control, 42.9% & treated, 57.9%) and BLAS stages (control, 21.4% & treated, 42.1%) in antioxidant supplemented SOF maturation media compared to control. In conclusion, supplementation of SOF cultivation medium with energy sources, 20 mg of non-essential amino acids and antioxidant addition may improve the cleavage rate (CR) and in vitro cultivation rate (IVC) of buffalos' embryonic development.

该研究旨在监测在合成输卵管液(SOF)和 FertiCult 中添加能量源、非必需氨基酸和抗氧化剂后的裂解率(CR)和体外培养率(IVC)。体外成熟和体外受精后,在两种培养基之一中培养推定的合子:在 FertiCult 培养基和 SOF 培养基中分别添加丙酮酸、葡萄糖和乳酸钠作为能量来源,以及 10、20、250、500 和 750 毫克非必需氨基酸和抗氧化剂。对胚胎发育各阶段的裂解率(CR)和体外培养率(IVC)进行了评估,包括蜕膜期(MOR)和囊胚期(BLAS)。研究结果表明,在 SOF 培养基中添加能量源时,对照组和其他处理组之间的 CR 没有显著差异(P > 0.05),而对照组和添加能量源的 FertiCult 之间的 CR 有显著差异(P 0.05),而对照组和添加抗氧化剂的 FertiCult 之间的 CR 和 IVC 都没有显著增加(P 0.05)。对照组和补充了抗氧化剂的 FertiCult 之间的 CR 和 IVC 阶段有明显差异(P
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引用次数: 0
Effects of supplementation with freeze-dried Clostridium butyricum powder after replacement of fishmeal with cottonseed protein concentrate on growth performance, immune response, and intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei. 用棉籽蛋白浓缩物替代鱼粉后补充冻干丁酸梭菌粉对万年青生长性能、免疫反应和肠道微生物群的影响
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04372-6
Qi Wang, Depeng Fan, Yadong Hu, Hongyu Liu, Beiping Tan, Shiwei Xie, Qiang Chen

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of supplementation with freeze-dried Clostridium butyricum (CB) powder on the growth, immune function and intestinal health of Litopenaeus vannamei after replacing fishmeal in the diet with cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC). Six treatment groups were designed, namely the control group (CON, 25% fish meal) and five alternative groups (CPC replacing 40% fishmeal protein in the control group). Based on the alternative group, 0%, 0.065%, 0.26%, 1.04%, and 4.16% of freeze-dried CB bacterial powder (4.6 × 108 CFU/g) were added, recorded as CB 0, CB 0.065, CB 0.26, CB 1.04, and CB 4.16, respectively. Each treatment had 3 replicates of 40 shrimps (0.29 ± 0.01 g) each and breeding for 8 weeks. After the experiment, serum enzyme activities, muscle amino acids, and intestinal parameters (short-chain fatty acids, digestive enzymes, gene expression, and microbiota) were tested to explore the effects of freeze-dried CB powder in shrimp aquaculture. The results showed that the CB1.04 group had the highest final body weight, weight gain rate, and specific growth ratio (P > 0.05). Freeze-dried CB powder increased the activity of serum superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, complement 3, and complement 4. Muscle tyrosine, proline, and total essential amino acids were remarkably increased in the CB 1.04 group (P < 0.05). Propionic acid levels were elevated in the CB 1.04 and CB4.16 groups (P < 0.001). The relative expression of Dorsal, Relish, and Target of Rapamycin (TOR) genes was significantly increased in the CB 1.04 group (P < 0.01). Actinobacteria and Demequina abundance was significantly higher in the CB 1.04 group (P < 0.01). The results of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge test showed the highest cumulative mortality rate (43.33%) in the CB0 group and the lowest cumulative mortality rate (20%) in the CB1.04 group. This study confirmed that freeze-dried CB powder alleviated the negative effects of CPC replacement of fish meal protein in Litopenaeus vannamei, and the optimum additive level was 2.11% (9.71 × 109 CFU/kg) as indicated by binary regression analysis of specific growth ratio.

本研究旨在探讨用棉籽蛋白浓缩物(CPC)替代鱼粉后,补充冻干丁酸梭菌(CB)粉对万年青生长、免疫功能和肠道健康的影响。共设计了六个处理组,即对照组(CON,25%鱼粉)和五个替代组(CPC替代对照组中40%的鱼粉蛋白)。在替代组的基础上,分别添加 0%、0.065%、0.26%、1.04% 和 4.16% 的冻干 CB 菌粉(4.6 × 108 CFU/g),记为 CB 0、CB 0.065、CB 0.26、CB 1.04 和 CB 4.16。每个处理有 3 个重复,每个重复 40 只虾(0.29 ± 0.01 克),养殖 8 周。实验结束后,检测了血清酶活性、肌肉氨基酸和肠道参数(短链脂肪酸、消化酶、基因表达和微生物群),以探讨冻干 CB 粉在对虾养殖中的效果。结果表明,CB1.04 组的最终体重、增重率和特定生长比最高(P > 0.05)。冻干 CB 粉提高了血清超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、补体 3 和补体 4 的活性。根据比生长率的二元回归分析,CB 1.04 组的肌肉酪氨酸、脯氨酸和必需氨基酸总量显著增加(P 9 CFU/kg)。
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引用次数: 0
Temperature and feeding frequency: interactions with growth, immune response, and water quality in juvenile Nile tilapia. 温度和喂食频率:与尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼的生长、免疫反应和水质的相互作用。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04366-4
Sara Hamed, Seham El-Kassas, Haitham G Abo-Al-Ela, Safaa E Abdo, Usama A Abou-Ismail, Radi A Mohamed

Background: Water temperature and feeding frequency are critical abiotic factors regulating the growth and immune function of aquatic organisms. This study investigated the effects of water temperature and feeding frequency on growth and immune function in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) over two months. A total of 360 juvenile fish (average weight: 20.00 ± 1.26 g) were divided into six groups, each with three replicates, based on a combination of three water temperatures (26, 28, and 30 °C) and two feeding frequencies (either 1 or 2 meals per day).

Results: At 30 ºC and 28 ºC, water electrical conductivity and total dissolved salts increased, while total ammonia nitrogen and dissolved oxygen rose slightly in groups fed twice daily, with a significant interaction between temperature and feeding frequency. The group at 30 ºC with two meals per day showed the highest final body weight (FBW). The interaction between temperature and feeding frequency significantly influenced FBW, total feed intake, and body thickness. Fish at 30 ºC exhibited upregulated hepatic growth hormone receptor 1 and insulin-like growth factor 1, while those at 28 ºC with one meal per day, as well as those at 30 ºC regardless of meal frequency, also showed increased expression of hepatic fatty acid binding protein and intestinal cluster of differentiation 36. Fish at 30 ºC had upregulated leptin levels and downregulated cholecystokinin, while those at 26 ºC displayed the opposite trend, particularly with one meal daily. Higher temperatures significantly boosted serum IgM, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lysozyme (LYZ) levels, with meal frequency also affecting malondialdehyde, IgM, and SOD levels. Additionally, 30 ºC enhanced the hepatic expression of mucin-like protein (muc), oligo-peptide transporter 1 (pept1), interleukin 1, nf-κB, complement C3, lyz, sod, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, with twice-daily meals having a more pronounced effect. Conversely, 28 ºC with one meal per day upregulated some of these genes, such as muc, pept1, and sod.

Conclusions: Overall, 30 ºC with two meals per day significantly improved the growth and health of juvenile Nile tilapia, while 28 ºC with two meals maintained satisfactory performance.

背景:水温和摄食频率是调节水生生物生长和免疫功能的关键非生物因素。本研究调查了两个月内水温和投喂频率对尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)生长和免疫功能的影响。根据三种水温(26、28 和 30 °C)和两种喂食频率(每天 1 餐或 2 餐)将 360 尾幼鱼(平均体重:20.00 ± 1.26 克)分为 6 组,每组 3 个重复:在 30 ºC 和 28 ºC 温度条件下,每天喂食两次的组别水电导率和总溶解盐增加,而总氨氮和溶解氧略有上升,温度与喂食频率之间存在显著的交互作用。温度为 30 ºC 且每天喂两餐的组最终体重(FBW)最高。温度与喂食频率之间的交互作用对鱼的最终体重、总摄食量和体厚有显著影响。温度为 30 ºC 的鱼类表现出肝脏生长激素受体 1 和胰岛素样生长因子 1 的上调,而温度为 28 ºC 且每天进食一餐的鱼类,以及温度为 30 ºC 且不考虑进食频率的鱼类,也表现出肝脏脂肪酸结合蛋白和肠分化簇 36 的表达增加。30 ºC 温度下的鱼类瘦素水平上调,胆囊收缩素水平下调,而 26 ºC 温度下的鱼类则表现出相反的趋势,尤其是每天一餐的鱼类。温度越高,血清 IgM、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和溶菌酶(LYZ)水平越高,进餐次数也会影响丙二醛、IgM 和 SOD 水平。此外,30 ºC 会增强肝脏中粘蛋白样蛋白 (muc)、寡肽转运体 1 (pept1)、白细胞介素 1、nf-κB、补体 C3、lyz、sod、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的表达,其中每日进餐两次的影响更为明显。相反,28 ºC、每天一餐会上调其中一些基因,如 muc、pept1 和 sod:总体而言,30 ºC、每天两餐能显著改善尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼的生长和健康状况,而 28 ºC、每天两餐则能保持令人满意的表现。
{"title":"Temperature and feeding frequency: interactions with growth, immune response, and water quality in juvenile Nile tilapia.","authors":"Sara Hamed, Seham El-Kassas, Haitham G Abo-Al-Ela, Safaa E Abdo, Usama A Abou-Ismail, Radi A Mohamed","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04366-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04366-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Water temperature and feeding frequency are critical abiotic factors regulating the growth and immune function of aquatic organisms. This study investigated the effects of water temperature and feeding frequency on growth and immune function in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) over two months. A total of 360 juvenile fish (average weight: 20.00 ± 1.26 g) were divided into six groups, each with three replicates, based on a combination of three water temperatures (26, 28, and 30 °C) and two feeding frequencies (either 1 or 2 meals per day).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 30 ºC and 28 ºC, water electrical conductivity and total dissolved salts increased, while total ammonia nitrogen and dissolved oxygen rose slightly in groups fed twice daily, with a significant interaction between temperature and feeding frequency. The group at 30 ºC with two meals per day showed the highest final body weight (FBW). The interaction between temperature and feeding frequency significantly influenced FBW, total feed intake, and body thickness. Fish at 30 ºC exhibited upregulated hepatic growth hormone receptor 1 and insulin-like growth factor 1, while those at 28 ºC with one meal per day, as well as those at 30 ºC regardless of meal frequency, also showed increased expression of hepatic fatty acid binding protein and intestinal cluster of differentiation 36. Fish at 30 ºC had upregulated leptin levels and downregulated cholecystokinin, while those at 26 ºC displayed the opposite trend, particularly with one meal daily. Higher temperatures significantly boosted serum IgM, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lysozyme (LYZ) levels, with meal frequency also affecting malondialdehyde, IgM, and SOD levels. Additionally, 30 ºC enhanced the hepatic expression of mucin-like protein (muc), oligo-peptide transporter 1 (pept1), interleukin 1, nf-κB, complement C3, lyz, sod, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, with twice-daily meals having a more pronounced effect. Conversely, 28 ºC with one meal per day upregulated some of these genes, such as muc, pept1, and sod.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, 30 ºC with two meals per day significantly improved the growth and health of juvenile Nile tilapia, while 28 ºC with two meals maintained satisfactory performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142667091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of different inflammatory markers during the infection of domestic cats (Felis catus) by Cystoisospora felis (Coccidia: Apicomplexa). 家猫(Felis catus)感染猫孢囊虫(球虫:Apicomplexa)期间不同炎症标志物的评估。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04295-2
Marwa M Attia, Sara S Barsoum, Hanadi B A Baghdadi, Olfat A Mahdy, Sohila M El Gameel

Background: Cystoisospora felis or Isospora felis is a ubiquitous apicomplexan protozoon parasite infecting domestic cats worldwide.

Objectives of the study: this study aims to identify the causative agent of diarrhea in cats by determining several elevating stressors caused by these coccidian protozoans with molecular characterization. So, from January 2023 to April 2023, a total of 370 domestic cats were hospitalized at various clinics in the Cairo and Giza Governorates. Fecal samples were taken from these animals and examined by concentration floatation techniques using a saturated salt solution. The positive samples were sporulated to identify the collected oocyst. Venous blood was taken from the infected cats to evaluate the associated oxidative stress marker (lipid peroxidation products (MDA).

Results: Out of 370 examined domestic cats, 27(7.29%) were positive for C. felis. The MDA levels increased with age, and females were higher than males. DNA was extracted from fecal samples for amplification of the ITS1 gene, followed by sequencing. The ITS1 gene was amplified and showed bands at 224 bp. The partial nucleotide sequence of the ITS1 gene was aligned with the reference sequences.

In a conclusion: C. felis increases the free radicals, which in turn means the animals have stress and need a schedule to treat these animals with new, safe protocol drugs that give no resistance and are highly efficient.

背景:研究目的:本研究旨在通过确定这些球孢子原生动物引起腹泻的几种升高应激源,并进行分子鉴定,从而确定猫腹泻的病原体。因此,从 2023 年 1 月到 2023 年 4 月,共有 370 只家猫在开罗和吉萨省的不同诊所住院治疗。从这些动物身上采集了粪便样本,并通过使用饱和盐溶液的浓缩漂浮技术进行了检测。对阳性样本进行孢子化处理,以确定收集到的卵囊。从受感染的猫身上抽取静脉血,以评估相关的氧化应激标志物(脂质过氧化产物(MDA)):在接受检查的 370 只家猫中,27 只(7.29%)对猫孢子虫呈阳性反应。MDA 含量随年龄增长而增加,雌性高于雄性。从粪便样本中提取 DNA 用于扩增 ITS1 基因,然后进行测序。扩增后的 ITS1 基因显示出 224 bp 的条带。ITS1 基因的部分核苷酸序列与参考序列进行了比对:结论是:猫鼬噬菌体增加了自由基,这反过来又意味着动物产生了应激反应,因此需要制定一个计划,用不产生抗药性且高效安全的新方案药物来治疗这些动物。
{"title":"Evaluation of different inflammatory markers during the infection of domestic cats (Felis catus) by Cystoisospora felis (Coccidia: Apicomplexa).","authors":"Marwa M Attia, Sara S Barsoum, Hanadi B A Baghdadi, Olfat A Mahdy, Sohila M El Gameel","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04295-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04295-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cystoisospora felis or Isospora felis is a ubiquitous apicomplexan protozoon parasite infecting domestic cats worldwide.</p><p><strong>Objectives of the study: </strong>this study aims to identify the causative agent of diarrhea in cats by determining several elevating stressors caused by these coccidian protozoans with molecular characterization. So, from January 2023 to April 2023, a total of 370 domestic cats were hospitalized at various clinics in the Cairo and Giza Governorates. Fecal samples were taken from these animals and examined by concentration floatation techniques using a saturated salt solution. The positive samples were sporulated to identify the collected oocyst. Venous blood was taken from the infected cats to evaluate the associated oxidative stress marker (lipid peroxidation products (MDA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 370 examined domestic cats, 27(7.29%) were positive for C. felis. The MDA levels increased with age, and females were higher than males. DNA was extracted from fecal samples for amplification of the ITS1 gene, followed by sequencing. The ITS1 gene was amplified and showed bands at 224 bp. The partial nucleotide sequence of the ITS1 gene was aligned with the reference sequences.</p><p><strong>In a conclusion: </strong>C. felis increases the free radicals, which in turn means the animals have stress and need a schedule to treat these animals with new, safe protocol drugs that give no resistance and are highly efficient.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"516"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11568569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Blood mir-331-3p is a potential diagnostic marker for giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) testicular tumor. 血mir-331-3p是大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)睾丸肿瘤的潜在诊断标志物。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04326-y
Yan Zhu, Zhi Huang, Caiwu Li, Chengyao Li, Ming Wei, Linhua Deng, Wenwen Deng, Xiao Zhou, Kai Wu, Bo Yang, Yuanyuan Qu, Qin Liu, Xuemei Chen, Desheng Li, Chengdong Wang

Background: In recent years, several giant pandas have suffered from testicular tumor, which has seriously affected giant panda health. However, the pathogenesis of testicular tumor in giant panda is still unclear. Studies have shown that miRNAs are involved in the occurrence and development of a variety of cancers. However, the effect of miRNAs on giant panda testicular tumor has been little studied. Therefore, this study explored the pathogenesis of giant panda testicular tumor through miRNA and mRNA sequencing, and screened out diagnostic markers of testicular tumor.

Results: Combined with phenotypic symptoms and pathological section results, three giant pandas were diagnosed with testicular tumor and divided into tumor group, and three other giant pandas were divided into normal group. A total of 29 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were screened by blood miRNA-seq, and 3149 target gene candidates were predicted. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the target genes were mainly involved in intermembrane lipid transfer and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling. However, only 5 DEmiRNAs were screened by miRNA-seq of blood-derived exosomes and 364 target genes were predicted, which were mainly involved in antigen processing and presentation. In addition, 216 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by RNA-seq, and functional enrichment analysis showed that tumor-specific DEGs significantly enriched to protein phosphorylation. Spearman correlation analysis of miRNA-mRNA showed that the expressions of miR-331-3p and PKIG were significantly positively correlated (spearman = 0.943, p < 0.01), while the expressions of miR-331-3p and ENSAMEG00000013628 were significantly negatively correlated (spearman= -0.829, p < 0.05). RT-PCR showed that the expression of miR-331-3p was significantly decreased in giant panda with tumor (p < 0.01).

Conclusions: blood miRNAs and exosomal miRNAs exhibit distinct regulatory patterns concerning giant panda testicular tumor, potentially reflecting divergent biological processes in the disease's etiology. Meanwhile, miR-331-3p could be used as a potential diagnostic marker for giant panda testicular tumor. Our findings are conducive to the rapid clinical diagnosis of testicular tumor in giant pandas, and are also expected to provide scientific reference for further research on the pathogenesis of testicular tumor.

背景:近年来,多只大熊猫罹患睾丸肿瘤,严重影响了大熊猫的健康。然而,大熊猫睾丸肿瘤的发病机理尚不清楚。研究表明,miRNAs 与多种癌症的发生和发展有关。然而,miRNA 对大熊猫睾丸肿瘤的影响却鲜有研究。因此,本研究通过miRNA和mRNA测序探讨大熊猫睾丸肿瘤的发病机制,并筛选出睾丸肿瘤的诊断标志物:结果:结合表型症状和病理切片结果,3只大熊猫被诊断为睾丸肿瘤并被分为肿瘤组,另外3只大熊猫被分为正常组。血液 miRNA-seq 共筛选出 29 个差异表达的 miRNA(DEmiRNA),并预测出 3149 个候选靶基因。功能富集分析表明,目标基因主要参与膜间脂质转移和 ATP 依赖性染色质重塑。然而,通过对血源性外泌体进行 miRNA-seq 分析,只筛选出了 5 个 DEmiRNA,预测出了 364 个靶基因,这些靶基因主要参与抗原加工和递呈。此外,RNA-seq还筛选出216个差异表达基因(DEGs),功能富集分析表明,肿瘤特异性DEGs显著富集于蛋白磷酸化。miRNA-mRNA的Spearman相关性分析表明,miR-331-3p和PKIG的表达呈显著正相关(spearman = 0.943, p 结论:血液miRNA和外泌体miRNA对大熊猫睾丸肿瘤表现出不同的调控模式,可能反映了该疾病病因中不同的生物学过程。同时,miR-331-3p 可作为大熊猫睾丸肿瘤的潜在诊断标志物。我们的研究结果有利于大熊猫睾丸肿瘤的快速临床诊断,也有望为进一步研究睾丸肿瘤的发病机制提供科学参考。
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引用次数: 0
Stability of closed and needle-punctured vials of Porvac® subunit vaccine against classical swine fever subjected to thermal stress. Porvac® 亚单位疫苗封闭瓶和针刺瓶在热应力作用下的稳定性。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04354-8
Talía Sardina-González, Milagros Vargas-Hernández, Yusmel Sordo-Puga, Paula Naranjo-Valdéz, María Pilar Rodríguez-Moltó, Mary Karla Méndez-Orta, Mara Laura Hernández-García, Elaine Santana-Rodríguez, William Pena-Guimaraes, Alain Moreira-Rubio, Rosaili Mateu-Hernández, Ania Cabrales-Rico, Carlos A Duarte, Danny Pérez-Pérez, Marisela Suárez-Pedroso

Background: Classical Swine Fever (CSF) is still one of the most economically important viral diseases of pigs. In endemic countries, the disease is controlled mostly through vaccination; hence, the availability of safe and effective vaccines is of utmost importance. Vaccines intended for application in developing countries must also be thermally stable, since the infrastructure needed to maintain a cold chain in those countries is usually lacking. Porvac® is a second-generation subunit marker vaccine against CSF that has demonstrates to be safe and protective. Previous studies have also shown that the vaccine is stable for 1 week at 37 oC and have a shelf life of at least 36 months at 2-8 oC. The aim of this work was to further explore the accelerated stability of Porvac® by assessing the physicochemical properties of the emulsion, and the safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine subjected to more drastic conditions of thermal stress: (1) 25 oC for 12 months; (2) 30oC and 37 oC for one month and (3) 15 days at 37 °C after the cap of the vials had been needle-punctured.

Results: The vaccine subjected to all these conditions did not show significant changes in the physicochemical properties of the emulsion; did not produce local or systemic adverse reactions in pigs, and the chromatographic profile of the recovered antigen was preserved. All vaccinated swine developed neutralizing antibody titers ≥ 1:1000 at 28 days post vaccination.

Conclusions: Porvac® is stable in all the experimental conditions tested, even after cap puncture, and retains the capacity to induce high titers of neutralizing antibodies, well above the threshold of protection. These results reinforce the robustness of the vaccine, and support its use as a very attractive alternative to modified live vaccines in developing countries endemic for CSF.

背景:猪瘟(CSF)仍然是经济上最重要的猪病毒性疾病之一。在该病流行的国家,主要通过接种疫苗来控制该病;因此,提供安全有效的疫苗至关重要。用于发展中国家的疫苗还必须具有热稳定性,因为这些国家通常缺乏维持冷链所需的基础设施。Porvac® 是针对 CSF 的第二代亚单位标记疫苗,已证明具有安全性和保护性。先前的研究还表明,该疫苗在 37 oC 温度下可稳定保存 1 周,在 2-8 oC 温度下可保存至少 36 个月。这项工作的目的是通过评估乳剂的理化特性以及疫苗在更剧烈的热应力条件下的安全性和免疫原性,进一步探索 Porvac® 的加速稳定性:(1) 25 oC 温度条件下 12 个月;(2) 30 oC 和 37 oC 温度条件下 1 个月;(3) 37 °C 温度条件下 15 天,小瓶盖被针刺破:结果:在所有这些条件下接种的疫苗乳剂的理化性质均未发生显著变化,未对猪产生局部或全身不良反应,且回收抗原的色谱图保持不变。接种后 28 天,所有接种猪的中和抗体滴度≥ 1:1000:结论:Porvac® 在所有测试的实验条件下都很稳定,即使在穿刺帽后也是如此,并且仍能诱导高滴度的中和抗体,远远高于保护阈值。这些结果增强了疫苗的稳定性,并支持在 CSF 流行的发展中国家将其作为改良活疫苗的一种非常有吸引力的替代品。
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引用次数: 0
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BMC Veterinary Research
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