Understanding the Prevalence and Risk Factor Profile of Olfactory Impairment and Its Impact on Patient Health Indicators and Economic Outcomes in Community-Dwelling Older Asian Adults.

IF 4.9 3区 医学 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY Innovation in Aging Pub Date : 2024-09-27 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1093/geroni/igae088
Ryan E K Man, Chiew Meng Johnny Wong, Preeti Gupta, Eva K Fenwick, Amudha Aravindhan, Neville Wei Yang Teo, Tze Choong Charn, Ciaran Forde, Ecosse L Lamoureux
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Abstract

Background and objectives: There is a paucity of data on the prevalence, risk factors, and impact of olfactory impairment (OI) on key health indicators and economic outcomes in Asian populations. We aimed to address these gaps in a population of community-dwelling older adults.

Research design and methods: We included 2 101 participants (mean age ± standard deviation [SD]: 72.9 ± 8.1 years; 55.1% women) from the baseline assessment of the Population Health and Eye Disease Profile in Elderly Singaporeans (PIONEER) study (2017-2022). Any OI was based on a score of <11 on the 16-item identification segment of the Sniffin' Sticks test battery; subcategorized into hyposmia (score 9-10) and anosmia (score ≤8). Sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle risk determinants, health indicators (health-related quality of life, depressive symptoms, daily caloric intake, frailty, and cognitive impairment), and economic outcomes (healthcare expenditure, productivity loss) were assessed via standardized clinical testing and validated questionnaires. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were utilized to explore the risk factor profile of OI across its severity spectrum and its impact on health indicators and economic outcomes.

Results: The census-adjusted prevalence of any OI, hyposmia, and anosmia were 34.0%, 20.5%, and 13.5%, respectively. Older age and male gender were associated with increased likelihood of hyposmia and anosmia, while the presence of diabetes and >4 days/week alcohol consumption were associated with increased odds of having anosmia only (all p < .05). Both hyposmia and anosmia were also associated with more than twofold increased odds of having CI.

Discussion and implications: Over a third of our community-dwelling older Singaporean population had OI, with 1-in-10 experiencing total olfaction loss. Those with OI had more than double the odds of having CI, regardless of its severity. Our results suggest the importance of community-based programs aimed at detecting and delaying the progression of OI in high-risk individuals.

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了解亚裔社区老年人嗅觉障碍的患病率和风险因素概况及其对患者健康指标和经济效益的影响。
背景和目标:关于嗅觉障碍(OI)在亚洲人群中的患病率、风险因素以及对主要健康指标和经济成果的影响的数据很少。我们的目标是在社区居住的老年人群中填补这些空白:我们纳入了 2 101 名参与者(平均年龄 ± 标准差 [SD]:72.9 ± 8.1 岁;55.1% 为女性),他们来自新加坡老年人人口健康和眼疾概况(PIONEER)研究(2017-2022 年)的基线评估。任何眼疾均以评分结果为依据:经普查调整后,任何OI、嗅觉减退和嗅觉缺失的患病率分别为34.0%、20.5%和13.5%。高龄和男性性别与窥阴不足和窥阴缺失的几率增加有关,而患有糖尿病和每周饮酒超过 4 天则与仅有窥阴缺失的几率增加有关(所有 p 均为讨论和影响):在新加坡社区居住的老年人口中,超过三分之一患有嗅觉缺失症,每10人中就有1人完全丧失嗅觉。患有嗅觉缺失的老年人无论其严重程度如何,都有两倍以上的几率患有嗅觉缺失。我们的研究结果表明,以社区为基础的项目对于检测和延缓高危人群的嗅觉缺失进展非常重要。
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来源期刊
Innovation in Aging
Innovation in Aging GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY-
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
72
审稿时长
15 weeks
期刊介绍: Innovation in Aging, an interdisciplinary Open Access journal of the Gerontological Society of America (GSA), is dedicated to publishing innovative, conceptually robust, and methodologically rigorous research focused on aging and the life course. The journal aims to present studies with the potential to significantly enhance the health, functionality, and overall well-being of older adults by translating scientific insights into practical applications. Research published in the journal spans a variety of settings, including community, clinical, and laboratory contexts, with a clear emphasis on issues that are directly pertinent to aging and the dynamics of life over time. The content of the journal mirrors the diverse research interests of GSA members and encompasses a range of study types. These include the validation of new conceptual or theoretical models, assessments of factors impacting the health and well-being of older adults, evaluations of interventions and policies, the implementation of groundbreaking research methodologies, interdisciplinary research that adapts concepts and methods from other fields to aging studies, and the use of modeling and simulations to understand factors and processes influencing aging outcomes. The journal welcomes contributions from scholars across various disciplines, such as technology, engineering, architecture, economics, business, law, political science, public policy, education, public health, social and psychological sciences, biomedical and health sciences, and the humanities and arts, reflecting a holistic approach to advancing knowledge in gerontology.
期刊最新文献
The Effects of Social Interaction Intervention on Cognitive Functions Among Older Adults Without Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The Association Between Social Isolation and Incident Dementia Among Older Adults: Evidence From National Health and Aging Trend Study. Understanding the Prevalence and Risk Factor Profile of Olfactory Impairment and Its Impact on Patient Health Indicators and Economic Outcomes in Community-Dwelling Older Asian Adults. Examining Care Network Characteristics in Older Adults' Relocation to Residential Care Settings. Fifty Years of NIA Research: A New Journal's Perspective.
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