Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: Different Generations and Dermatokinetic Assessment of Drug Concentration in Skin.

IF 3.1 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pharmaceutical Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI:10.1007/s40290-024-00537-8
Rahul Kushwaha, Narahari N Palei
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Abstract

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) are a highly appealing and innovative method of administering drugs through the skin, as it enables the drugs to achieve systemic effects. A TDDS offers patient convenience, avoids first-pass hepatic metabolism, enables local targeting, and reduces the toxic effect of drug. This review details several generations of TDDS and the advancements made in their development to address the constraints associated with skin delivery systems. Transdermal delivery methods of the first generation have been consistently growing in their clinical application for administering small, lipophilic, low-dose drugs. Second-generation TDDS, utilizing chemical enhancers and iontophoresis, have led to the development of clinical products. Third-generation delivery systems employ microneedles, thermal ablation, and electroporation to specifically target the stratum corneum, which is the skin's barrier layer. Dermatokinetics is the study of the movement of drugs and formulations applied to the skin over a period of time. It provides important information regarding the rate and extent to which drugs penetrate skin layers. Several dermatokinetic techniques, including tape stripping, microdialysis, and laser scanning microscopy, have been used to study the intricate barrier properties and clearance mechanisms of the skin. This understanding is essential for developing and improving effective TDDS.

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透皮给药系统:不同时代和皮肤药物浓度的皮肤动力学评估。
透皮给药系统(TDDS)是一种极具吸引力的创新型皮肤给药方法,因为它能使药物产生全身效应。透皮给药系统为患者提供了方便,避免了肝脏的首过代谢,实现了局部靶向,并降低了药物的毒性作用。本综述详细介绍了几代经皮给药系统及其在开发过程中取得的进展,以解决与皮肤给药系统相关的制约因素。第一代透皮给药方法在给药小分子、亲脂性、低剂量药物方面的临床应用持续增长。第二代透皮给药系统利用化学增强剂和离子渗透技术,已开发出临床产品。第三代给药系统采用微针、热消融和电穿孔技术,专门针对皮肤屏障层--角质层。皮肤代谢动力学是对涂抹在皮肤上的药物和制剂在一段时间内的运动情况的研究。它提供了有关药物渗透皮肤层的速度和程度的重要信息。包括胶带剥离、微透析和激光扫描显微镜在内的多种皮肤动力学技术已被用于研究皮肤复杂的屏障特性和清除机制。这种了解对于开发和改进有效的 TDDS 至关重要。
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来源期刊
Pharmaceutical Medicine
Pharmaceutical Medicine PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY-
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
4.00%
发文量
36
期刊介绍: Pharmaceutical Medicine is a specialist discipline concerned with medical aspects of the discovery, development, evaluation, registration, regulation, monitoring, marketing, distribution and pricing of medicines, drug-device and drug-diagnostic combinations. The Journal disseminates information to support the community of professionals working in these highly inter-related functions. Key areas include translational medicine, clinical trial design, pharmacovigilance, clinical toxicology, drug regulation, clinical pharmacology, biostatistics and pharmacoeconomics. The Journal includes:Overviews of contentious or emerging issues.Comprehensive narrative reviews that provide an authoritative source of information on topical issues.Systematic reviews that collate empirical evidence to answer a specific research question, using explicit, systematic methods as outlined by PRISMA statement.Original research articles reporting the results of well-designed studies with a strong link to wider areas of clinical research.Additional digital features (including animated abstracts, video abstracts, slide decks, audio slides, instructional videos, infographics, podcasts and animations) can be published with articles; these are designed to increase the visibility, readership and educational value of the journal’s content. In addition, articles published in Pharmaceutical Medicine may be accompanied by plain language summaries to assist readers who have some knowledge of, but not in-depth expertise in, the area to understand important medical advances.All manuscripts are subject to peer review by international experts. Letters to the Editor are welcomed and will be considered for publication.
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