Associations between symptom-based long COVID clusters and long-term quality of life, work and daily activities among individuals testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 at a national retail pharmacy.

IF 2.4 Q2 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI:10.1186/s41687-024-00797-7
Manuela Di Fusco, Joseph C Cappelleri, Alon Yehoshua, Kelly J Thomas Craig, Mary B Alvarez, Kristen E Allen, Thomas M Porter, Santiago M C Lopez, Laura Puzniak, Xiaowu Sun
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Abstract

Background: Evidence on long COVID symptom clustering patterns among patients with COVID-19 is limited. We summarized long COVID symptoms in clusters defined by number of symptoms co-occurring together, and we assessed Health-Related Quality of Life (HQRoL), Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) outcomes across these clusters over time. We assessed associations between the clusters and BNT162b2 vaccination status.

Methods: A prospective longitudinal patient-reported outcomes (PRO) study recruited laboratory-confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 patients seeking testing from a national retail pharmacy. Long COVID-19 symptoms were self-reported by participants at 4-week, 3-month and 6-month surveys. Patient classes identified via latent class analysis (LCA) with long COVID-19 symptoms were simplified into clusters based on number of symptoms. HRQoL and WPAI outcomes were collected using EQ-ED-5L and WPAI: GH questionnaires. Mixed models for repeated measures analyses were conducted to examine associations between exposure groups and outcomes.

Results: The study included 328 participants that were segmented into three groups of long COVID-19 symptoms based on LCA and then simplified by the number of symptoms (Cluster 1 low, <2; Cluster 2 moderate, 2-6; and Cluster 3 high, >6 symptoms). The number of long COVID-19 symptoms was negatively associated with HRQoL and WPAI, whereby participants with high symptom burden (>6 symptoms) had the lowest HRQoL and WPAI scores assessed by absenteeism, presenteeism, work productivity loss, activity impairment, and hours worked metrics. Compared with those unvaccinated and not up-to-date with COVID-19 vaccination, subjects boosted with BNT162b2 consistently reported less symptom burden during the follow-up, regardless of their symptom-based cluster.

Conclusion: Three distinct patient clusters based on frequency of long COVID symptoms experienced different HRQoL and WPAI outcomes over 6 months. The cluster with more concomitant symptoms experienced greater burden than the others. Participants up-to-date with BNT162b2 reported lower symptom burden across all clusters and timeframes.

Clinical trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05160636.

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在一家全国性零售药店对 SARS-CoV-2 检测呈阳性的个人中,基于症状的长 COVID 群组与长期生活质量、工作和日常活动之间的关系。
背景:有关 COVID-19 患者长 COVID 症状聚类模式的证据非常有限。我们总结了根据同时出现的症状数量定义的长COVID症状群,并评估了这些群的健康相关生活质量(HQRoL)、工作效率和活动障碍(WPAI)随时间变化的结果。我们评估了这些群组与 BNT162b2 疫苗接种状况之间的关联:一项前瞻性纵向患者报告结果(PRO)研究招募了在一家全国性零售药店寻求检测的实验室确诊的有症状 COVID-19 患者。参与者在 4 周、3 个月和 6 个月的调查中自我报告了 COVID-19 的长期症状。通过潜类分析(LCA)确定的具有长 COVID-19 症状的患者类别根据症状数量简化为群组。通过 EQ-ED-5L 和 WPAI:GH 问卷收集 HRQoL 和 WPAI 结果。对重复测量进行混合模型分析,以研究暴露群体与结果之间的关联:研究共纳入 328 名参与者,根据 LCA 将其分为三个 COVID-19 长症状组,然后根据症状数量进行简化(第 1 组低,6 个症状)。COVID-19 长症状的数量与 HRQoL 和 WPAI 呈负相关,其中症状负担重(>6 个症状)的参与者的 HRQoL 和 WPAI 分数最低,评估指标包括缺勤、缺席、工作效率损失、活动障碍和工作时间。与未接种COVID-19疫苗和未及时接种COVID-19疫苗的受试者相比,接种了BNT162b2的受试者在随访期间报告的症状负担始终较轻,无论他们的症状分组如何:根据 COVID 长期症状的频率,三个不同的患者群在 6 个月内经历了不同的 HRQoL 和 WPAI 结果。伴随症状较多的患者群比其他患者群承受了更大的负担。使用BNT162b2治疗的参与者在所有群组和时间范围内的症状负担都较低:临床试验注册:Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05160636。
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来源期刊
Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes
Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes Health Professions-Health Information Management
CiteScore
3.80
自引率
7.40%
发文量
120
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊最新文献
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