Effects of Maturation on Plantar Flexor Activity and Achilles Tendon Stiffness in Vertical Jumping: Sex Differences.

IF 2.2 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES Sports Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI:10.3390/sports12100284

Zacharoula Paschaleri, Georgios Chalatzoglidis, Theodoros Kannas, Fotini Arabatzi

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of maturation on vertical jumping performance, in adolescent boys and girls, concerning plantar flexor activity and Achilles tendon (AT) stiffness. Thirty-nine adolescents were tested in a counter-movement jump (CMJ) at three different time points: 18 and 9 months before peak height velocity (PHV) and at PHV. The EMG activity of the medialis gastrocnemius (MG) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles was evaluated, in relation to jump height. Boys showed higher jumping ability and AT stiffness than girls. Additionally, boys revealed increased eccentric (ecc) and concentric (con) MG activity, along with decreased ecc and con TA activity, near PHV. On the other hand, girls showed increased ecc and con TA/MG co-contraction compared to boys, mainly near PHV. In conclusion, a different mechanism of vertical jumping performance is adopted between early adolescent boys and girls. Nevertheless, no notable alterations in jumping capability were detected over time, indicating that the maturation process does not influence stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) performance.

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成熟对垂直跳跃中跖屈肌活动和跟腱僵硬度的影响：性别差异

本研究的目的是调查青春期男孩和女孩的足底屈肌活动和跟腱（AT）僵硬程度对垂直跳跃成绩的影响。研究人员在三个不同的时间点对 39 名青少年进行了反向运动跳跃（CMJ）测试：分别在高度峰值（PHV）前 18 个月和 9 个月以及高度峰值时进行。评估了腓肠肌内侧（MG）和胫骨前肌（TA）的肌电图活动与跳跃高度的关系。与女孩相比，男孩的跳跃能力和胫骨前肌僵硬度更高。此外，在PHV附近，男孩显示出偏心（ecc）和同心（con）MG活动增加，而ecc和con TA活动减少。另一方面，与男孩相比，女孩的cc和con TA/MG共同收缩增加，主要集中在PHV附近。总之，青春期早期男孩和女孩的垂直跳跃表现采用了不同的机制。然而，随着时间的推移，在跳跃能力方面没有发现明显的变化，这表明成熟过程不会影响伸展缩短周期（SSC）的表现。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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