Attenuated asymmetry of above- versus belowground stoichiometry to a decadal nitrogen addition during stand development.

Ecology Pub Date : 2024-10-27 DOI:10.1002/ecy.4458
Shijie Ning, Xinru He, Tian Ma, Tao Yan
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Abstract

Deciphering the linkage between ecological stoichiometry and ecosystem functioning under anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is critical for understanding the impact of afforestation on terrestrial carbon (C) sequestration. However, the specific changes in above- versus belowground stoichiometric asymmetry with stand age in response to long-term N addition remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated changes in stoichiometry following a decadal addition of three levels of N (control, no N addition; low N addition, 20 kg N ha-1 year-1; high N addition, 50 kg N ha-1 year-1) in young, intermediate, and mature stands in three temperate larch plantations (Larix principis-rupprechtii) in North China. We found that low N addition had no impact on both above- (leaf and litter) and belowground (soil and microbe) stoichiometry. In contrast, high N addition resulted in significant asymmetry in above- versus belowground stoichiometry, which then diminished during stand development. Following 10 years of N inputs, the young and intermediate plantations transitioned from a state of relative N limitation to co-limitation by both N and phosphorus (P), whereas the mature plantation continued to experience relative N limitation. Conversely, soil microorganisms exhibited relative P limitation in all three plantations. Broader niche differentiation (N limitation for trees, but P limitation for microorganisms) under long-term N input may have been responsible for the faster attainment of stoichiometric homeostasis in mature plantations than in young plantations. Our findings provide stoichiometric-based insight into the operating mechanisms of large C sinks in young forests, particularly above- versus belowground C stock asymmetry, and highlight the need to consider the role of flexible stoichiometry when forecasting future forest C sinks.

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在林木生长过程中,地上与地下的化学计量对十年期氮添加量的不对称影响减弱。
解读人为氮(N)沉积条件下生态化学计量与生态系统功能之间的联系,对于理解植树造林对陆地碳(C)固存的影响至关重要。然而,人们对长期氮添加作用下地上与地下生态计量不对称随林龄的具体变化仍然知之甚少。在这项研究中,我们调查了华北地区三个温带落叶松人工林(Larix principis-rupprechtii)中幼龄、中龄和成熟林分在十年添加三种水平氮(对照,不添加氮;低氮添加,20 千克氮/公顷-年-1;高氮添加,50 千克氮/公顷-年-1)后生态计量的变化。我们发现,低氮添加量对地上(叶片和枯落物)和地下(土壤和微生物)的化学计量没有影响。与此相反,高氮添加量导致地上与地下的化学计量显著不对称,这种不对称在林分生长过程中逐渐减弱。经过 10 年的氮输入后,幼年和中期种植园从氮的相对限制状态过渡到氮和磷的共同限制状态,而成熟种植园则继续受到氮的相对限制。相反,在所有三个种植园中,土壤微生物都表现出相对的磷限制。在长期氮输入条件下,更广泛的生态位分化(树木受限于氮,而微生物受限于磷)可能是成熟种植园比年轻种植园更快实现化学计量平衡的原因。我们的研究结果以化学计量学为基础,深入揭示了幼林大型碳汇的运行机制,尤其是地上与地下碳储量的不对称,并强调了在预测未来森林碳汇时考虑灵活的化学计量学作用的必要性。
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