Modelling the Contributions of Riparian Vegetation and Topography to Stream Shade Using LiDAR and Conventional Digital Elevation Data

IF 3.2 3区 地球科学 Q1 Environmental Science Hydrological Processes Pub Date : 2024-10-27 DOI:10.1002/hyp.15316
B. L. Browning, R. D. Moore
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Abstract

Stream temperature is widely considered the master variable in stream ecosystems. One of the key drivers of diel and seasonal stream temperature variability is the solar radiation received at the stream surface, which can be influenced by shading associated with both larger scale topographic features and riparian vegetation. In this study, a stream shade model was developed that uses LiDAR point cloud data to model shading by riparian vegetation, including canopy overhang, and conventional elevation data to model stream shading by topography. The model was applied to a dominantly north–south oriented river flowing in a floodplain within a mountain valley. When compared with shade interpreted from PlanetScope visual imagery, the model predicted stream shade at the point scale with 92% agreement. Sources of error were attributed to pixel and azimuth band size, which can be refined within the model arguments, although at the cost of increased processing time. The shade model was re-run after virtually rotating the reach by 90° and 270° clockwise to evaluate the effect of valley orientation. Peak reach-wide sunlight exposure occurred approximately 2 h later in the day when the stream reach was rotated 90°, and produced greater shading from mid-morning to mid-afternoon. Further work should test the model on smaller streams using ground-based oblique or drone-based photography to provide ground-truthing, particularly to assess the accuracy of predicted shade below over-hanging vegetation.

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利用激光雷达和传统数字高程数据模拟河岸植被和地形对溪流遮荫的贡献
溪流温度被广泛认为是溪流生态系统的主要变量。溪流表面接收到的太阳辐射是昼夜和季节性溪流温度变化的主要驱动因素之一,而较大尺度的地形特征和河岸植被会对太阳辐射产生影响。本研究开发了一个溪流遮阳模型,该模型使用激光雷达点云数据来模拟河岸植被(包括树冠悬垂)造成的遮阳,并使用常规高程数据来模拟地形造成的溪流遮阳。该模型适用于一条主要流向为南北的河流,流经山谷中的洪泛平原。与根据 PlanetScope 视觉图像解读的遮阳效果相比,该模型在点尺度上预测的溪流遮阳效果吻合度高达 92%。误差来源于像素和方位角波段的大小,这可以在模型参数中进行细化,但代价是处理时间的增加。在将河谷顺时针旋转 90° 和 270° 后,重新运行了遮阳模型,以评估河谷方向的影响。当河段旋转 90° 时,整个河段的日照峰值出现在一天中大约 2 小时之后,并且从上午到下午产生了更大的阴影。进一步的工作应该在较小的溪流上测试该模型,使用地面倾斜摄影或无人机摄影来提供地面实况,特别是评估悬垂植被下方遮阳预测的准确性。
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来源期刊
Hydrological Processes
Hydrological Processes 环境科学-水资源
CiteScore
6.00
自引率
12.50%
发文量
313
审稿时长
2-4 weeks
期刊介绍: Hydrological Processes is an international journal that publishes original scientific papers advancing understanding of the mechanisms underlying the movement and storage of water in the environment, and the interaction of water with geological, biogeochemical, atmospheric and ecological systems. Not all papers related to water resources are appropriate for submission to this journal; rather we seek papers that clearly articulate the role(s) of hydrological processes.
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