Thermal runaway evolution of a 4S4P lithium-ion battery pack induced by both overcharging and unilateral preheating

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 THERMODYNAMICS Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI:10.1016/j.csite.2024.105324

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Abstract

To clarify the thermal runaway characteristics of lithium-ion battery pack, this study has established a thermal runaway experimental platform based on actual power battery pack. A 4 in series and 4 in parallel battery pack was assembled using 86 Ah lithium iron phosphate batteries, and the experiment of thermal runaway induced by overcharging and unilateral preheating was carried out. The behavior and characteristics including the temperature change characteristics of each cell, the heat generated and transfer paths during thermal runaway propagation, the voltage changes of each serial module and the total voltage, flame evolution behavior, gas generation characteristics, debris, and mass loss were investigated. The research results show that module 1 was the first to experience thermal runaway due to preheating. The redistributed current caused the batteries in the remaining modules to rapidly generate heat. Subsequently, the heat transfer from module 1 triggered thermal runaway in modules 2, 3, and 4 in sequence. The entire flame combustion process lasted for 38 min, with the maximum temperature reaching 937.1 °C, resulting in thermal runaway in all batteries. The sequence of thermal runaway has been clarified, with the flame generated by the ignition of the battery casing, connecting tabs, and combustible gases emitted from the batteries serving as the primary paths for heat transfer and thermal radiation. The experimental results provide valuable insights into the thermal engineering issues of large-scale lithium-ion battery pack.

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过充电和单侧预热诱发 4S4P 锂离子电池组的热失控演化

为了弄清锂离子电池组的热失控特性，本研究建立了一个基于实际动力电池组的热失控实验平台。使用 86 Ah 磷酸铁锂电池组装了 4 串 4 并电池组，并进行了过充电和单侧预热引起的热失控实验。实验研究了热失控过程中各电池单元的温度变化特征、热失控传播过程中产生的热量和传递路径、各串联模块的电压变化和总电压变化、火焰演化行为、气体产生特征、碎片和质量损失等行为和特征。研究结果表明，由于预热，模块 1 最先出现热失控。重新分配的电流导致其余模块中的电池迅速发热。随后，模块 1 的热传递依次引发了模块 2、3 和 4 的热失控。整个火焰燃烧过程持续了 38 分钟，最高温度达到 937.1 °C，导致所有电池出现热失控。热失控的顺序已经明确，电池外壳、连接片点燃产生的火焰以及电池释放的可燃气体是热传导和热辐射的主要途径。实验结果为大型锂离子电池组的热工程问题提供了宝贵的见解。

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来源期刊

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Chemical Engineering-Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes

CiteScore

8.60

自引率

11.80%

发文量

812

审稿时长

76 days

期刊介绍： Case Studies in Thermal Engineering provides a forum for the rapid publication of short, structured Case Studies in Thermal Engineering and related Short Communications. It provides an essential compendium of case studies for researchers and practitioners in the field of thermal engineering and others who are interested in aspects of thermal engineering cases that could affect other engineering processes. The journal not only publishes new and novel case studies, but also provides a forum for the publication of high quality descriptions of classic thermal engineering problems. The scope of the journal includes case studies of thermal engineering problems in components, devices and systems using existing experimental and numerical techniques in the areas of mechanical, aerospace, chemical, medical, thermal management for electronics, heat exchangers, regeneration, solar thermal energy, thermal storage, building energy conservation, and power generation. Case studies of thermal problems in other areas will also be considered.