Design of tunable terahertz metamaterial for variable optical attenuation and sensing applications

IF 5.4 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI:10.1016/j.sbsr.2024.100705

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Abstract

In this work, an actively tunable terahertz metamaterial (TTM) is proposed to realize variable optical attenuation and sensing applications. The unit cell of TTM is composed of H-shaped resonator (HSR) and C-shaped resonator (CSR). The resonant frequency can be tuned from 0.60 THz to 0.82 THz and show an analog electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) phenomenon. By adjusting the geometry parameters of HSR and CSR, the enhanced quality (Q) factor is obtained from 2 to 14. Moreover, the CSR can be rotated from 0° to 90° to show the potential in the variable optical attenuator (VOA) application. The resonant intensity at 0.60 THz can be gradually decreased and then disappeared eventually when the CSR rotated from 0° to 90° in TE mode. While the resonant intensity at 0.60 THz can be gradually increased and then reach maximum value from 0° to 90° in TM mode. To demonstrate the proposed TTM can be used for the environmental sensing application, the TTM is exposed on the ambient environment with different refractive indexes from 1.0 to 2.2. The maximum sensitivity is 67 GHz. This work offers a novel approach for the THz metamaterial using for the VOA, optical switching, and sensing applications.

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设计用于可变光衰减和传感应用的可调太赫兹超材料

本研究提出了一种主动可调太赫兹超材料（TTM），以实现可变光衰减和传感应用。TTM 的单元单元由 H 形谐振器（HSR）和 C 形谐振器（CSR）组成。谐振频率可在 0.60 THz 至 0.82 THz 之间调节，并显示出模拟电磁诱导透明（EIT）现象。通过调整 HSR 和 CSR 的几何参数，可获得从 2 到 14 的增强质量（Q）因子。此外，CSR 还可以从 0° 旋转到 90°，从而显示出在可变光衰减器 (VOA) 应用中的潜力。在 TE 模式下，当 CSR 从 0° 旋转到 90° 时，0.60 THz 处的谐振强度会逐渐减弱，最终消失。而在 TM 模式下，0.60 太赫兹处的谐振强度可逐渐增加，并在 0° 至 90° 之间达到最大值。为了证明所提出的 TTM 可用于环境传感应用，将 TTM 暴露在折射率从 1.0 到 2.2 的不同环境中。最大灵敏度为 67 GHz。这项工作为太赫兹超材料用于 VOA、光开关和传感应用提供了一种新方法。

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来源期刊

Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research Engineering-Electrical and Electronic Engineering

CiteScore

10.70

自引率

3.80%

发文量

审稿时长

87 days

期刊介绍： Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research is an open access journal dedicated to the research, design, development, and application of bio-sensing and sensing technologies. The editors will accept research papers, reviews, field trials, and validation studies that are of significant relevance. These submissions should describe new concepts, enhance understanding of the field, or offer insights into the practical application, manufacturing, and commercialization of bio-sensing and sensing technologies. The journal covers a wide range of topics, including sensing principles and mechanisms, new materials development for transducers and recognition components, fabrication technology, and various types of sensors such as optical, electrochemical, mass-sensitive, gas, biosensors, and more. It also includes environmental, process control, and biomedical applications, signal processing, chemometrics, optoelectronic, mechanical, thermal, and magnetic sensors, as well as interface electronics. Additionally, it covers sensor systems and applications, µTAS (Micro Total Analysis Systems), development of solid-state devices for transducing physical signals, and analytical devices incorporating biological materials.