Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100748
Md. Safiul Islam , A.H.M. Iftekharul Ferdous , Md. Jakir Hossen , Abdullah Al Mamun , Khalid Sifulla Noor , Diponkar Kundu , Md. Galib Hasan
Currently, diabetes is a prevalent ailment worldwide. Insufficient insulin leads to an inability to transform glucose into energy, resulting in increased amounts of glucose in human body. Acute diabetes treatment and follow-up rely on urine glucose detection since it provides a non-invasive, reasonably priced means to assess glucose levels and regulate the progression of the disease. This article presents the development of a circular shape core and semi-circular trapezoid air holes biosensor PCF to assess the glucose concentration in urine inside the THz band. With matching RI's of 1.335, 1.336, 1.337, 1.338, 1.341, and 1.347, glucose quantity in bio-sample spans 0 to 15 mg/dl (for as usual people) and 0.625 g/dL, 1.25 g/dL, 2.5 g/dL, 5 g/dL, and 10 g/dL (for diabetic patients) and achieve highest sensitivity is 99.12 %, EML loss 0.0021 cm−1, 2.24× 10−13 dB/m for 10 g/dl. The innovative design of this device guarantees precise and non-intrusive monitoring of the various stages of diabetes, allowing for timely and efficient control of the condition. This revolutionary sensor improves patient care and facilitates early intervention by offering a dependable and cost-efficient alternative to conventional approaches. Timely identification aids in averting complications and enhances patient prognosis.
{"title":"Urinary glucose detection with spiral shape hollow core photonic crystal fiber: Towards improved diabetes management","authors":"Md. Safiul Islam , A.H.M. Iftekharul Ferdous , Md. Jakir Hossen , Abdullah Al Mamun , Khalid Sifulla Noor , Diponkar Kundu , Md. Galib Hasan","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, diabetes is a prevalent ailment worldwide. Insufficient insulin leads to an inability to transform glucose into energy, resulting in increased amounts of glucose in human body. Acute diabetes treatment and follow-up rely on urine glucose detection since it provides a non-invasive, reasonably priced means to assess glucose levels and regulate the progression of the disease. This article presents the development of a circular shape core and semi-circular trapezoid air holes biosensor PCF to assess the glucose concentration in urine inside the THz band. With matching RI's of 1.335, 1.336, 1.337, 1.338, 1.341, and 1.347, glucose quantity in bio-sample spans 0 to 15 mg/dl (for as usual people) and 0.625 g/dL, 1.25 g/dL, 2.5 g/dL, 5 g/dL, and 10 g/dL (for diabetic patients) and achieve highest sensitivity is 99.12 %, EML loss 0.0021 cm<sup>−1</sup>, 2.24× 10<sup>−13</sup> dB/m for 10 g/dl. The innovative design of this device guarantees precise and non-intrusive monitoring of the various stages of diabetes, allowing for timely and efficient control of the condition. This revolutionary sensor improves patient care and facilitates early intervention by offering a dependable and cost-efficient alternative to conventional approaches. Timely identification aids in averting complications and enhances patient prognosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100748"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100744
Aleksei A. Evdokimov, Anna A. Baldina, Anna A. Nikitina, Timur A. Aliev, Artemii M. Zenkin, Mikhail V. Zhukov, Igor S. Pantyukhin, Ekaterina V. Skorb , Anton A. Muravev
In this report, we present electrochemical immunosensors for the detection of S. aureus bacteria on the basis of SPCE/PEI/АBSA/PSS layer-by-layer assembly as a recognition element. QCM measurements and AFM imaging ensure effective adhesion of S. aureus antibody to PEI surface and its strong interactions with analyte through the PSS polyelectrolyte layer. Impedimetric detection of S. aureus gives the LOD of 1000 CFU/mL and the linear range from 104 to 107 CFU/mL and features facile assembly of recognition element and easy sampling. Voltammetric detection of the formation of the sandwich immunocomplex with secondary antibody in the outermost layer (AB–AG–AB-HRP) not only decreases the detection limit to 230 CFU/mL and expands the linear range of detection to 103–108 CFU/mL, but also could detect S. aureus bacteria with a portable open-source custom potentiostat in voltammetric mode, which is promising for non-invasive point-of-care monitoring of pathogens and addresses issues of antibody-based sensors, such as high cost and difficult chemical modification.
{"title":"A portable electrochemical immunosensor for detection of S. aureus based on polyelectrolyte-modified screen-printed carbon electrode","authors":"Aleksei A. Evdokimov, Anna A. Baldina, Anna A. Nikitina, Timur A. Aliev, Artemii M. Zenkin, Mikhail V. Zhukov, Igor S. Pantyukhin, Ekaterina V. Skorb , Anton A. Muravev","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this report, we present electrochemical immunosensors for the detection of <em>S. aureus</em> bacteria on the basis of SPCE/PEI/АB<sub><em>SA</em></sub>/PSS layer-by-layer assembly as a recognition element. QCM measurements and AFM imaging ensure effective adhesion of <em>S. aureus</em> antibody to PEI surface and its strong interactions with analyte through the PSS polyelectrolyte layer. Impedimetric detection of <em>S. aureus</em> gives the LOD of 1000 CFU/mL and the linear range from 10<sup>4</sup> to 10<sup>7</sup> CFU/mL and features facile assembly of recognition element and easy sampling. Voltammetric detection of the formation of the sandwich immunocomplex with secondary antibody in the outermost layer (AB–AG–AB-HRP) not only decreases the detection limit to 230 CFU/mL and expands the linear range of detection to 10<sup>3</sup>–10<sup>8</sup> CFU/mL, but also could detect <em>S. aureus</em> bacteria with a portable open-source custom potentiostat in voltammetric mode, which is promising for non-invasive point-of-care monitoring of pathogens and addresses issues of antibody-based sensors, such as high cost and difficult chemical modification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100744"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study proposes a novel sandwich-based ratio electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor for detecting monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), a marker of cardiovascular disease. We synthesized sulfur-doped palladium nanosheets (S-PdNS), which possess a stable structure and uniform morphology, and can quench signals generated by the S2O82−/O2 ECL system. Using glutaraldehyde (GA), we conjugated luminol to these nanosheets and combined them with a secondary antibody. This modification enabled the nanomaterial to produce a new luminol signal as an internal reference for detection while quenching the S2O82−/O2 ECL signal. To date, no studies have utilized both mechanisms for detection. Furthermore, the deposition of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) allowed for increased antibody binding and improved electron transmission in the ECL system. When trace analytes are present, the S2O82−/O2 ECL signal decreases, and the luminol ECL signal increases. This setup allowed us to obtain two signals from one measurement and use the ratio to construct a standard curve, significantly reducing the possibility of misjudgment. Under optimal conditions, the linear detection range for MCP-1 is 10–2.5 pg mL−1 to 103 pg mL−1, with a detection limit of 1.6 fg mL−1 (S / N = 3). The immunosensor also exhibited excellent selectivity, repeatability, and stability, expanding the application of the dual luminescence mechanism and providing an effective method for early monitoring of cardiovascular disease.
{"title":"Electrochemiluminescence ratio sensor for detecting MCP-1 based on s-PdNS","authors":"Weiran Mao , Xiaoyan Zhang , Yuanyuan Yin , Xiaohua Tang , Qingqing Jiang , Xia Chen , Xiaoliang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2024.100723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2024.100723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a novel sandwich-based ratio electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor for detecting monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), a marker of cardiovascular disease. We synthesized sulfur-doped palladium nanosheets (S-PdNS), which possess a stable structure and uniform morphology, and can quench signals generated by the S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub><sup>2−</sup>/O<sub>2</sub> ECL system. Using glutaraldehyde (GA), we conjugated luminol to these nanosheets and combined them with a secondary antibody. This modification enabled the nanomaterial to produce a new luminol signal as an internal reference for detection while quenching the S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub><sup>2−</sup>/O<sub>2</sub> ECL signal. To date, no studies have utilized both mechanisms for detection. Furthermore, the deposition of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) allowed for increased antibody binding and improved electron transmission in the ECL system. When trace analytes are present, the S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub><sup>2−</sup>/O<sub>2</sub> ECL signal decreases, and the luminol ECL signal increases. This setup allowed us to obtain two signals from one measurement and use the ratio to construct a standard curve, significantly reducing the possibility of misjudgment. Under optimal conditions, the linear detection range for MCP-1 is 10<sup>–2.5</sup> pg mL<sup>−1</sup> to 10<sup>3</sup> pg mL<sup>−1</sup>, with a detection limit of 1.6 fg mL<sup>−1</sup> (S / <em>N</em> = 3). The immunosensor also exhibited excellent selectivity, repeatability, and stability, expanding the application of the dual luminescence mechanism and providing an effective method for early monitoring of cardiovascular disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100723"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An ultrasensitive and label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on MXene-AgNPs nanocomposite is reported for pancreas cancer diagnostics. Ease of deposition, high speed, thickness of deposition and high efficiency of these biosensors are their special and fundamental advantages.
For this purpose, a pencil graphite electrode (PGE) was modified by silver and MXene (Ti3C2Tx (to increase efficiency and also the active surface area of PGE. Deposition of AgNPs-MXene nanocomposite then immobilization of streptavidin and biotinylated antibody on the electrode increases the sensitivity, conductivity and stability of the designed immunosensor. The electrochemical measurements in the attendance and absence of AgNPs-MXene can causing an increase in electrical currents. To examine the morphology of the developed immunosensor for the purpose of enhancing its optimal performance, the characterization methods employed include Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The results of the studies projected antibody (Ab) CA-19-9/AgNPs-MXene electrochemical immunosensor as a potential and affordable alternate of conventional methods like ELISA. The desirable LOD was recorded as 1 nU/mL. The repeatability and reproducibility were successfully inspected for ten repeated mensuration and the lowest RSD percentages were observed as about 5 % for the concentration of 1, 10 and 20 nU/mL. As a proof of the discussed results, the presented biosensor has a high sufficiency to be used in clinical laboratories to diagnose pancreatic cancer. We believe that our fabricated sensor can be the plan of diseases management program due to affordable rapid and label free detection of a targeted biomarkers.
{"title":"Highly efficient assessment and selective determination of pancreatic cancer biomarker CA-19-9 using co-electrodeposited MXene-AgNPs nanocomposite","authors":"Mahsa Mirzayi , Balal Khalilzadeh , Sattar Akbari Nakhjavani , Rahim Mohammad-Rezaei","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An ultrasensitive and label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on MXene-AgNPs nanocomposite is reported for pancreas cancer diagnostics. Ease of deposition, high speed, thickness of deposition and high efficiency of these biosensors are their special and fundamental advantages.</div><div>For this purpose, a pencil graphite electrode (PGE) was modified by silver and MXene (Ti3C2Tx (to increase efficiency and also the active surface area of PGE. Deposition of AgNPs-MXene nanocomposite then immobilization of streptavidin and biotinylated antibody on the electrode increases the sensitivity, conductivity and stability of the designed immunosensor. The electrochemical measurements in the attendance and absence of AgNPs-MXene can causing an increase in electrical currents. To examine the morphology of the developed immunosensor for the purpose of enhancing its optimal performance, the characterization methods employed include Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The results of the studies projected antibody (Ab) CA-19-9/AgNPs-MXene electrochemical immunosensor as a potential and affordable alternate of conventional methods like ELISA. The desirable LOD was recorded as 1 nU/mL. The repeatability and reproducibility were successfully inspected for ten repeated mensuration and the lowest RSD percentages were observed as about 5 % for the concentration of 1, 10 and 20 nU/mL. As a proof of the discussed results, the presented biosensor has a high sufficiency to be used in clinical laboratories to diagnose pancreatic cancer. We believe that our fabricated sensor can be the plan of diseases management program due to affordable rapid and label free detection of a targeted biomarkers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100753"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transition metal coordination compounds are emerging as good alternative electrode modifiers for detection of various electroactive analytes due to their several appropriate features such as that they can provide high sensitivity, selectivity, electrical conductivity, and a larger surface area. This study reports the use of carefully designed and prepared cobalt(II) complex using resorcinolate (HR−) and 1,10-phenanthroline(phen) having a formula of Co(HR)2(phen) (DHRPCo), with electroactivity and a tetrahedral geometry. The later properties are important for its easy polymerization and impart porous surface on the electrode surface. This complex was used for the fabrication of metal complex-based polymer film-modified electrode for the simultaneous analysis of amoxicillin (AMX) and paracetamol (PTM). Using cyclic voltammetric and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods, the potentiodynamic (employing a potential range) synthesis of poly(diresorcinate-1,10-phenanthrolinecobalt(II)) modified glassy carbon electrode (poly(DHRPCo)/GCE) was confirmed. The poly(DHRPCo)/GCE in an equimolar combination of AMX and PTM showed adequately separated oxidative peaks with significantly improved peak current, indicating the polymer film's electrocatalytic property towards the oxidation of AMX and PTM, as compared to the unmodified GCE. The poly(DHRPCo)/GCE electrode demonstrated a linear oxidative peak current response to AMX and PTM concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 400.0 μM under optimum pH and square wave voltammetric configurations. The detection limits were 20.50 nM for AMX and 4.03 nM for PTM. While interference recovery errors were less than 4.84 % for both analytes, the range of spike recovery rates for AMX and PTM was 99.00 % to 100.45 % and 99.33 % to 100.05 %, respectively. The technique showed outstanding electrode stability and a high degree of agreement between the detected and nominal values of AMX and PTM in tablet samples. These results confirm the reliability of the developed approach for simultaneous quantification of AMX and PTM in diverse real-world samples. Its application to pharmaceutical tablets and human blood serum further highlights its potential as an effective analytical tool.
{"title":"Selective and simultaneous electrochemical detection of amoxicillin and paracetamol in pharmaceuticals and serum using a mixed-ligand poly(Co(II)-phenanthroline, diresorcinate) modified electrode","authors":"Dereje Birhanu , Alemu Tesfaye , Adane Kassa , Getinet Tamiru Tigineh , Amare Benor , Atakilt Abebe","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transition metal coordination compounds are emerging as good alternative electrode modifiers for detection of various electroactive analytes due to their several appropriate features such as that they can provide high sensitivity, selectivity, electrical conductivity, and a larger surface area. This study reports the use of carefully designed and prepared cobalt(II) complex using resorcinolate (HR<sup>−</sup>) and 1,10-phenanthroline(phen) having a formula of Co(HR)<sub>2</sub>(phen) (DHRPCo), with electroactivity and a tetrahedral geometry. The later properties are important for its easy polymerization and impart porous surface on the electrode surface. This complex was used for the fabrication of metal complex-based polymer film-modified electrode for the simultaneous analysis of amoxicillin (AMX) and paracetamol (PTM). Using cyclic voltammetric and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods, the potentiodynamic (employing a potential range) synthesis of poly(diresorcinate-1,10-phenanthrolinecobalt(II)) modified glassy carbon electrode (poly(DHRPCo)/GCE) was confirmed. The poly(DHRPCo)/GCE in an equimolar combination of AMX and PTM showed adequately separated oxidative peaks with significantly improved peak current, indicating the polymer film's electrocatalytic property towards the oxidation of AMX and PTM, as compared to the unmodified GCE. The poly(DHRPCo)/GCE electrode demonstrated a linear oxidative peak current response to AMX and PTM concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 400.0 μM under optimum pH and square wave voltammetric configurations. The detection limits were 20.50 nM for AMX and 4.03 nM for PTM. While interference recovery errors were less than 4.84 % for both analytes, the range of spike recovery rates for AMX and PTM was 99.00 % to 100.45 % and 99.33 % to 100.05 %, respectively. The technique showed outstanding electrode stability and a high degree of agreement between the detected and nominal values of AMX and PTM in tablet samples. These results confirm the reliability of the developed approach for simultaneous quantification of AMX and PTM in diverse real-world samples. Its application to pharmaceutical tablets and human blood serum further highlights its potential as an effective analytical tool.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100746"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100758
Alireza Barati Haghverdi , Ilghar Rezaei , Amir Ali Mohammad Khani , Toktam Aghaee
A simple and efficient methane detection approach has been developed in this paper. A THz wave absorber sensitive to refractive index is designed. The proposed absorber mainly uses nested graphene rings and continuous graphene sheets. Two scenarios are followed in this paper. Firstly, a simple single layer including graphene rings on top of the Kapton dielectric and backside coated gold is suggested. The graphene rings face free space or polluted air with a known refractive index in this situation. The second scenario considers the sample (probably toxic polluted air) in the middle layer and also in free space. Both states are mathematically modeled in terms of referred impedance. Additionally, full-wave simulations are also performed. The equivalent impedance can reveal the absorption response of the structure with the aim of impedance matching or maximum power transmission theorem. Interestingly, the impedance modeling converges to the numerical full-wave simulation, verifying efficient mathematical modeling. Furthermore, ample simulation results are provided to investigate the robustness and reliability of the proposed methane optical detector. Based on the findings, the proposed detector is highly appropriate for gas detection, specifically for the healthcare industry due to using Kapton which makes it flexible and wearable.
{"title":"Methane detection approach based on THz wave absorber","authors":"Alireza Barati Haghverdi , Ilghar Rezaei , Amir Ali Mohammad Khani , Toktam Aghaee","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A simple and efficient methane detection approach has been developed in this paper. A THz wave absorber sensitive to refractive index is designed. The proposed absorber mainly uses nested graphene rings and continuous graphene sheets. Two scenarios are followed in this paper. Firstly, a simple single layer including graphene rings on top of the Kapton dielectric and backside coated gold is suggested. The graphene rings face free space or polluted air with a known refractive index in this situation. The second scenario considers the sample (probably toxic polluted air) in the middle layer and also in free space. Both states are mathematically modeled in terms of referred impedance. Additionally, full-wave simulations are also performed. The equivalent impedance can reveal the absorption response of the structure with the aim of impedance matching or maximum power transmission theorem. Interestingly, the impedance modeling converges to the numerical full-wave simulation, verifying efficient mathematical modeling. Furthermore, ample simulation results are provided to investigate the robustness and reliability of the proposed methane optical detector. Based on the findings, the proposed detector is highly appropriate for gas detection, specifically for the healthcare industry due to using Kapton which makes it flexible and wearable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100758"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two new oligomer mixed ligand complexes, comprising 21 ([Co21(phen)42(bipy)21]Cl42 (C2)) and 100 monomer units ([Co100(phen)200(bipy)100]Cl200 (C3)) were synthesized. These complexes, designated as [Co21(phen)42(bipy)21]Cl42 (C2) and [Co100(phen)200(bipy)100]Cl200 (C3), were employed for the modification of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to detect ciprofloxacin (CPF) in tablet formulations and human urine samples. By potentiodynamic deposition, the modified electrodes (poly(C2)/GCE) and (poly(C3)/GCE) were prepared, forming a conductive electroactive film on the GCE surface. The modified electrodes were characterized using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, which revealed an increased effective surface area and a significant reduction in charge transfer resistance of the electrode. An oxidative peak at a lower potential with a six-fold increase in peak current was observed at the poly(C2)/GCE. The absence of a reductive peak in the reverse scan indicated the irreversibility of the electrochemical oxidation of CPF. The correlation coefficient between the peak current and the square root of the scan rate indicated that CPF oxidation at the poly(C2)/GCE was primarily controlled by diffusion mass transport. With a detection limit of 3.4 × 10−9 M, the voltammetric current response of CPF at the poly(C2)/GCE under optimal circumstances showed a linear trend with concentrations ranging from 5.0 × 10−8 to 2.0 × 10−4 M. It was discovered that the CPF levels in the examined tablet brands fell between 98.35 % and 101.30 % of their stated ranges. The recovery results for tablet and urine samples ranged from 99.44 % to 99.95 % and 99.25 % to 100.51 %, respectively, with interference recovery showing an error of less than 4.73 %. When it came to determining CPF in tablet formulations and human urine samples, the new approach outperformed recently published voltammetric methods. This superiority can be attributed to the simplicity of the electrode modification step, the lowest limit of detection, and a reasonably wide linear dynamic range.
{"title":"Application of novel oligomeric Co(II) complexes of 4,4′-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline modified glassy carbon electrode for differential pulse voltammetric determination of ciprofloxacin","authors":"Mezgebu Biresaw , Adane Kassa , Getinet Tamiru Tigineh , Atakilt Abebe","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2024.100721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2024.100721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two new oligomer mixed ligand complexes, comprising 21 ([Co<sub>21</sub>(phen)<sub>42</sub>(bipy)<sub>21</sub>]Cl<sub>42</sub> (C2)) and 100 monomer units ([Co<sub>100</sub>(phen)<sub>200</sub>(bipy)<sub>100</sub>]Cl<sub>200</sub> (C3)) were synthesized. These complexes, designated as [Co<sub>21</sub>(phen)<sub>42</sub>(bipy)<sub>21</sub>]Cl<sub>42</sub> (C2) and [Co<sub>100</sub>(phen)<sub>200</sub>(bipy)<sub>100</sub>]Cl<sub>200</sub> (C3), were employed for the modification of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to detect ciprofloxacin (CPF) in tablet formulations and human urine samples. By potentiodynamic deposition, the modified electrodes (poly(C2)/GCE) and (poly(C3)/GCE) were prepared, forming a conductive electroactive film on the GCE surface. The modified electrodes were characterized using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, which revealed an increased effective surface area and a significant reduction in charge transfer resistance of the electrode. An oxidative peak at a lower potential with a six-fold increase in peak current was observed at the poly(C2)/GCE. The absence of a reductive peak in the reverse scan indicated the irreversibility of the electrochemical oxidation of CPF. The correlation coefficient between the peak current and the square root of the scan rate indicated that CPF oxidation at the poly(C2)/GCE was primarily controlled by diffusion mass transport. With a detection limit of 3.4 × 10<sup>−9</sup> M, the voltammetric current response of CPF at the poly(C2)/GCE under optimal circumstances showed a linear trend with concentrations ranging from 5.0 × 10<sup>−8</sup> to 2.0 × 10<sup>−4</sup> M. It was discovered that the CPF levels in the examined tablet brands fell between 98.35 % and 101.30 % of their stated ranges. The recovery results for tablet and urine samples ranged from 99.44 % to 99.95 % and 99.25 % to 100.51 %, respectively, with interference recovery showing an error of less than 4.73 %. When it came to determining CPF in tablet formulations and human urine samples, the new approach outperformed recently published voltammetric methods. This superiority can be attributed to the simplicity of the electrode modification step, the lowest limit of detection, and a reasonably wide linear dynamic range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100721"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a comparative analysis of two distinct nonlinear elliptical hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based sensors designed for the detection of three gaseous analytes, namely CCl4 (n = 1.461), SnCl4 (n = 1.5086) and C10H16 (n = 1.472). A comprehensive examination is conducted across a wide wavelength range (1.2 μm–2.6 μm). In order to enhance both the fabrication tolerance and sensing performance of the proposed sensors, investigations have been conducted on the diameter of circular and elliptical-shaped air holes, as well as the dimensions of struts and the core size. Silica works as background material for both the sensors. The sensing parameters including relative sensitivity, effective area, birefringence, and dispersion, have been obtained for two different sensors proposed for evaluation. The numerical investigation employs the finite element method based on Comsol Multiphysics. When comparing both sensors, sensor design-2 stands out with an impressive nonlinear coefficient value of 15.470 W−1Km−1, a higher relative sensitivity of 98.386 %, enhanced effective area of 1.134× 10−11 m2, comparable effective refractive index of 1.496 and significant birefringence −4.701 × 10−5, along with low confinement loss for SnCl4 followed by CCl4 and C10H16 at 1.2 μm operating wavelength, owing to its higher refractive index compared to sensor design-1 for same sensing analyte. The designed model holds potential applications in sensing, bio-sensing research, and related fields.
{"title":"Advancements in hazardous gases detection: Using dual structures of photonic crystal fiber-based sensor","authors":"Pratishtha Pandey , Sapana Yadav , Adarsh Chandra Mishra , D.K. Dwivedi , Pooja Lohia , R.K. Yadav , Upendra Kulshrestha , Vipin Kumar , Prabhu Paramasivam , R. Bousbih , M. Khalid Hossain","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a comparative analysis of two distinct nonlinear elliptical hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based sensors designed for the detection of three gaseous analytes, namely CCl<sub>4</sub> (<em>n</em> = 1.461), SnCl<sub>4</sub> (<em>n</em> = 1.5086) and C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>16</sub> (<em>n</em> = 1.472). A comprehensive examination is conducted across a wide wavelength range (1.2 μm–2.6 μm). In order to enhance both the fabrication tolerance and sensing performance of the proposed sensors, investigations have been conducted on the diameter of circular and elliptical-shaped air holes, as well as the dimensions of struts and the core size. Silica works as background material for both the sensors. The sensing parameters including relative sensitivity, effective area, birefringence, and dispersion, have been obtained for two different sensors proposed for evaluation. The numerical investigation employs the finite element method based on Comsol Multiphysics. When comparing both sensors, sensor design-2 stands out with an impressive nonlinear coefficient value of 15.470 W<sup>−1</sup>Km<sup>−1</sup>, a higher relative sensitivity of 98.386 %, enhanced effective area of 1.134× 10<sup>−11</sup> m<sup>2</sup>, comparable effective refractive index of 1.496 and significant birefringence −4.701 × 10<sup>−5</sup>, along with low confinement loss for SnCl<sub>4</sub> followed by CCl<sub>4</sub> and C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>16</sub> at 1.2 μm operating wavelength, owing to its higher refractive index compared to sensor design-1 for same sensing analyte. The designed model holds potential applications in sensing, bio-sensing research, and related fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100738"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a laser-induced graphene (LIG)@ carbon ink sponge (GCS) pressure sensor. This sensor has the advantage of low cost, significantly reducing the manufacturing cost by using simple materials (carbon ink and sponge) and processes. It has a high linearity with R2 = 0.996, a high sensitivity S = 3.68 kPa−1, a response time of 400 ms, and a recovery time of 300 ms. Meanwhile, to reduce the interference of sweat and water vapor in a high-humidity environment, the hydrophobic Ecoflex material is selected and improved by using SiO2 for packaging, enhancing the practicability of the sensor. The sensor is soft in texture and suitable for human health monitoring, and can be attached to different parts of the human body to monitor various physiological signals. By monitoring the click frequency of the mouse and keyboard, the bending of the arm, the cough at the neck (analyzing its frequency, intensity, and time pattern), the mechanical parameters when walking at the center of the sole, the physiological signal of clenching the fist, and the pressure change when holding a water cup at the center of the palm, it provides a assistance for related fields such as motor function assessment, diagnosis of respiratory system diseases, disease diagnosis and rehabilitation treatment.
{"title":"A pressure sensor made of laser-induced graphene@carbon ink in a waste sponge substrate using novel and simple fabricaing process for health monitoring","authors":"Aoxun Liang , Weijie Liu , Yuanrui Cui , Peihua Zhang , Xinkun Chen , Junlong Zhai , Wenhao Dong , Xueye Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2024.100730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2024.100730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a laser-induced graphene (LIG)@ carbon ink sponge (GCS) pressure sensor. This sensor has the advantage of low cost, significantly reducing the manufacturing cost by using simple materials (carbon ink and sponge) and processes. It has a high linearity with R<sup>2</sup> = 0.996, a high sensitivity S = 3.68 kPa<sup>−1</sup>, a response time of 400 ms, and a recovery time of 300 ms. Meanwhile, to reduce the interference of sweat and water vapor in a high-humidity environment, the hydrophobic Ecoflex material is selected and improved by using SiO<sub>2</sub> for packaging, enhancing the practicability of the sensor. The sensor is soft in texture and suitable for human health monitoring, and can be attached to different parts of the human body to monitor various physiological signals. By monitoring the click frequency of the mouse and keyboard, the bending of the arm, the cough at the neck (analyzing its frequency, intensity, and time pattern), the mechanical parameters when walking at the center of the sole, the physiological signal of clenching the fist, and the pressure change when holding a water cup at the center of the palm, it provides a assistance for related fields such as motor function assessment, diagnosis of respiratory system diseases, disease diagnosis and rehabilitation treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100730"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100743
R. Dehdari Vais , M. Negahdary , S.R. Rasouli Nasrabadi , A. Rahi , S.A. Dastgheib , H. Heli
l-carnitine (LC) is a vital constituent of mammalian tissues, has a significant role in the function of different biological systems, and its determination is of great interest. Electrochemical sensing using nickelaceous nanostructured electrocatalysts offers potential interests and advantages. In the present study, nanoporous nickel microspheres (NNiMs) were electrodeposited and then utilized as an electrode modifier for the electrocatalytic oxidation and determination of LC. NNiMs were electrodeposited on a nickel substrate from a liquid crystal medium containing nickel (II) chloride, and Triton X-100 under a potentiostatic condition. The surface morphological characterization of the obtained nanoporous microspheres was followed by field emission scanning electron microscopy. NNiMs were transformed into the corresponding oxides by applying consecutive potential cycles in an alkaline medium, and the electron transfer coefficient and apparent charge transfer rate constant of the redox species present on the modified electrode surface were calculated as 0.59 and 0.54 s−1, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and steady-state polarization measurements were used for assessing the electrocatalytic oxidation mechanism and kinetics of LC on the NNiMs surface. Based on these measurements, an LC diffusion coefficient of 4.1 × 10−6 cm2 s−1, a catalytic rate constant of 4.0 × 104 cm3 mol−1 s−1, and an electron transfer coefficient of 0.41 were achieved. The proposed sensor was then employed as a sensitive amperometric sensor for determination of LC with a linear dynamic range of 25 to 217 μmol L−1, a calibration sensitivity of 67.85 mA L mol−1, and a detection limit of 3.2 μmol L−1. The designed sensing platform depicted a stable and reproducible response and insignificant interference from the common species found in the biological fluids and pharmaceutical formulations. Taking all these features together, the developed determination method can be satisfactorily exploited as a simple and quick tool for direct analysis of LC in pharmaceutical oral solutions and human serum samples.
{"title":"Liquid crystal template-assisted electrodeposition of nanoporous nickel microspheres: A sensitive electrochemical sensing platform for electrocatalytic oxidation and quantitative determination of l-carnitine","authors":"R. Dehdari Vais , M. Negahdary , S.R. Rasouli Nasrabadi , A. Rahi , S.A. Dastgheib , H. Heli","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>l</span>-carnitine (LC) is a vital constituent of mammalian tissues, has a significant role in the function of different biological systems, and its determination is of great interest. Electrochemical sensing using nickelaceous nanostructured electrocatalysts offers potential interests and advantages. In the present study, nanoporous nickel microspheres (NNiMs) were electrodeposited and then utilized as an electrode modifier for the electrocatalytic oxidation and determination of LC. NNiMs were electrodeposited on a nickel substrate from a liquid crystal medium containing nickel (II) chloride, and Triton X-100 under a potentiostatic condition. The surface morphological characterization of the obtained nanoporous microspheres was followed by field emission scanning electron microscopy. NNiMs were transformed into the corresponding oxides by applying consecutive potential cycles in an alkaline medium, and the electron transfer coefficient and apparent charge transfer rate constant of the redox species present on the modified electrode surface were calculated as 0.59 and 0.54 s<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and steady-state polarization measurements were used for assessing the electrocatalytic oxidation mechanism and kinetics of LC on the NNiMs surface. Based on these measurements, an LC diffusion coefficient of 4.1 × 10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, a catalytic rate constant of 4.0 × 10<sup>4</sup> cm<sup>3</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, and an electron transfer coefficient of 0.41 were achieved. The proposed sensor was then employed as a sensitive amperometric sensor for determination of LC with a linear dynamic range of 25 to 217 μmol L<sup>−1</sup>, a calibration sensitivity of 67.85 mA L mol<sup>−1</sup>, and a detection limit of 3.2 μmol L<sup>−1</sup>. The designed sensing platform depicted a stable and reproducible response and insignificant interference from the common species found in the biological fluids and pharmaceutical formulations. Taking all these features together, the developed determination method can be satisfactorily exploited as a simple and quick tool for direct analysis of LC in pharmaceutical oral solutions and human serum samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100743"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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