Perceptual representations in L1 and L2 spatial and abstract language processing: applying an innovative sentence-diagram verification paradigm.

IF 2.4 3区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Frontiers in Human Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-10-15 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fnhum.2024.1425576
Menghan Wang, Helen Zhao
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Abstract

Introduction: Perceptual representations in language comprehension were examined using sentence-picture verification tasks. However, concerns have been raised regarding the suitability of concrete pictures for representing abstract concepts compared to image-schematic diagrams. To assess the perceptual representations of spatial and abstract domains in both first language (L1) and second language (L2) processing, the study tests bilingual speakers' mental imagery on the basis of the simulation-based L1 comprehension model and proposes a simulation-based L2 comprehension model, supported by empirical evidence from an innovative sentence-diagram verification paradigm.

Methods: 41 adult L1 Mandarin Chinese speakers participated in the study. 21 participants completed the Chinese sentence-diagram verification task (Experiment 1), while 20 participants completed the translation-equivalent version in L2 English (Experiment 2). Participants read a sentence [e.g., A diligent worker walked into the office (spatial sense); A strong team headed into the final (abstract sense)] at their self-paced speed, followed by a congruent (e.g., into diagram) or incongruent diagram (e.g., out-of diagram), and made binary judgments to verify spatial configurations between the sentence and diagram. Semantic rating tasks in both Chinese and English were also conducted to validate congruency between diagrams and sentences in both languages.

Results and discussion: Results from Experiment 1 indicate overall compatibility effects on L1 Chinese processing, unaffected by directional verbs or abstractness of sense. Results from Experiment 2 reveal interference effects on L2 English processing, with interference observed only after reading sentences encoding spatial senses, not abstract senses. Aligning with previous findings using sentence-picture verification tasks, the current findings confirm the weaker mental simulation effects in L2 processing compared to L1 processing. These findings extend the existing simulation-based L1 comprehension model, provide empirical support for the proposed simulation-based L2 comprehension model, and validate the innovative sentence-diagram verification paradigm for examining image-schematic representations in spatial and abstract language processing among Chinese-English bilinguals. The paradigm holds significant potential for research on perceptual representations in processing a broader range of grammatical and semantic properties during both online and offline L1 and L2 comprehension.

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L1 和 L2 空间和抽象语言处理中的感知表征:应用创新的句子图表验证范式。
简介语言理解中的知觉表征是通过句子-图片验证任务来研究的。然而,与图像示意图相比,具体的图片是否适合表示抽象概念,却引起了人们的关注。为了评估第一语言(L1)和第二语言(L2)处理过程中空间和抽象领域的知觉表征,本研究在基于模拟的 L1 理解模型的基础上测试了双语者的心理意象,并提出了基于模拟的 L2 理解模型,该模型得到了创新的句子-图表验证范式的经验证据的支持。21 名参与者完成了中文句图验证任务(实验 1),20 名参与者完成了 L2 英语的翻译等效版本(实验 2)。受试者以自己的节奏阅读一个句子[例如:一个勤奋的工人走进了办公室(空间感);一个强大的团队进入了决赛(抽象感)],随后阅读一个一致的图(例如:进入图)或不一致的图(例如:离开图),并进行二元判断,以验证句子和图之间的空间配置。此外,还进行了中英文语义评级任务,以验证图与句子在两种语言中的一致性:实验 1 的结果表明,L1 中文处理的整体兼容性效应不受方向性动词或意义抽象性的影响。实验 2 的结果显示了对 L2 英语加工的干扰效应,只有在阅读空间感官而非抽象感官的句子时才会出现干扰。与之前使用句子-图片验证任务的研究结果一致,目前的研究结果证实,与 L1 处理相比,L2 处理中的心理模拟效应较弱。这些发现扩展了现有的基于模拟的 L1 理解模型,为提出的基于模拟的 L2 理解模型提供了实证支持,并验证了创新的句子-图验证范式可用于研究汉英双语者空间和抽象语言加工中的图像-示意表征。该范式在研究在线和离线 L1 和 L2 理解过程中处理更广泛语法和语义属性的感知表征方面具有巨大潜力。
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来源期刊
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
6.90%
发文量
830
审稿时长
2-4 weeks
期刊介绍: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience is a first-tier electronic journal devoted to understanding the brain mechanisms supporting cognitive and social behavior in humans, and how these mechanisms might be altered in disease states. The last 25 years have seen an explosive growth in both the methods and the theoretical constructs available to study the human brain. Advances in electrophysiological, neuroimaging, neuropsychological, psychophysical, neuropharmacological and computational approaches have provided key insights into the mechanisms of a broad range of human behaviors in both health and disease. Work in human neuroscience ranges from the cognitive domain, including areas such as memory, attention, language and perception to the social domain, with this last subject addressing topics, such as interpersonal interactions, social discourse and emotional regulation. How these processes unfold during development, mature in adulthood and often decline in aging, and how they are altered in a host of developmental, neurological and psychiatric disorders, has become increasingly amenable to human neuroscience research approaches. Work in human neuroscience has influenced many areas of inquiry ranging from social and cognitive psychology to economics, law and public policy. Accordingly, our journal will provide a forum for human research spanning all areas of human cognitive, social, developmental and translational neuroscience using any research approach.
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