Anna Maria Popovic, Matthew Ho Cheong Lei, Amid Shakeri, Ramak Khosravi, Milica Radisic
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with numerous inflammatory cell etiologies associated with impaired cardiac function and heart failure. Inflammatory cardiomyopathy, also known as myocarditis, is an acquired cardiomyopathy characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration into the myocardium with a high risk of progression to deteriorated cardiac function. Recently, amidst the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the emergence of acute myocarditis as a complication of SARS-CoV-2 has garnered significant concern. Given its mechanisms remain elusive in conjunction with the recent withdrawal of previously FDA-approved antiviral therapeutics and prophylactics due to unexpected cardiotoxicity, there is a pressing need for human-mimetic platforms to investigate disease pathogenesis, model dysfunctional features, and support pre-clinical drug screening. Traditional in vitro models for studying cardiovascular diseases have inherent limitations in recapitulating the complexity of the in vivo microenvironment. Heart-on-a-chip technologies, combining microfabrication, microfluidics, and tissue engineering techniques, have emerged as a promising approach for modeling inflammatory cardiac diseases like myocarditis. This review outlines the established and emerging conditions of inflamed myocardium, identifying key features essential for recapitulating inflamed myocardial structure and functions in heart-on-a-chip models, highlighting recent advancements, including the integration of anisotropic contractile geometry, cardiomyocyte maturity, electromechanical functions, vascularization, circulating immunity, and patient/sex specificity. Finally, we discuss the limitations and future perspectives necessary for the clinical translation of these advanced technologies.
期刊介绍:
Biomicrofluidics (BMF) is an online-only journal published by AIP Publishing to rapidly disseminate research in fundamental physicochemical mechanisms associated with microfluidic and nanofluidic phenomena. BMF also publishes research in unique microfluidic and nanofluidic techniques for diagnostic, medical, biological, pharmaceutical, environmental, and chemical applications.
BMF offers quick publication, multimedia capability, and worldwide circulation among academic, national, and industrial laboratories. With a primary focus on high-quality original research articles, BMF also organizes special sections that help explain and define specific challenges unique to the interdisciplinary field of biomicrofluidics.
Microfluidic and nanofluidic actuation (electrokinetics, acoustofluidics, optofluidics, capillary)
Liquid Biopsy (microRNA profiling, circulating tumor cell isolation, exosome isolation, circulating tumor DNA quantification)
Cell sorting, manipulation, and transfection (di/electrophoresis, magnetic beads, optical traps, electroporation)
Molecular Separation and Concentration (isotachophoresis, concentration polarization, di/electrophoresis, magnetic beads, nanoparticles)
Cell culture and analysis(single cell assays, stimuli response, stem cell transfection)
Genomic and proteomic analysis (rapid gene sequencing, DNA/protein/carbohydrate arrays)
Biosensors (immuno-assay, nucleic acid fluorescent assay, colorimetric assay, enzyme amplification, plasmonic and Raman nano-reporter, molecular beacon, FRET, aptamer, nanopore, optical fibers)
Biophysical transport and characterization (DNA, single protein, ion channel and membrane dynamics, cell motility and communication mechanisms, electrophysiology, patch clamping). Etc...